November 28, 2005 Update

TOWNSHIP 19 SOUTH, RANGE 14 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA

Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian

Major Contributor and Source of Information: William T. Kendall. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). Special Status Species Reports - Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data Management System. Jim Erickson, 1998, 2 Areas Near Santa Ritas Sought for Conservation, Park, the Arizona Daily Star, Tuesday, 17 November 1998. Paul R. Krausman and Michael L. Morrison, 2003, Wildlife Ecology and Management, Santa Rita Experimental Range (1903 to 2002), USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-30.2003 Pages 59 thru 67.

Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.

Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized in the surrounding native environment.

Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.

Appreciation is expressed to the officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Pima County and local government offices for the protection provided to our native animals and plants.

Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.

DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.

CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted.

This photograph was taken looking north, the Santa Rita Mountains are in the immediate background (right) and the Rincon Mountains (center) and Santa Catalina Mountains (left) are in the distant background. WTK October 2005

The following are a few of the plants reported from this township that might be useful in landscaping and restoration projects. Trees and Large Shrubs: Aligator Juniper (Juniperus deppeana), Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina), Desert Elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis), Netleaf Hackberry (Celtis laevigata var. reticulata), Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida), Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis subsp. arcuata), Soaptree Yucca (Yucca elata var. elata), Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii), Desert Hackberry (Celtis pallida), Wild Cotton (Gossypium thurberi), Greythorn (Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens), Desert Spoon (Dasylirion wheeleri), Cane Cholla (Opuntia spinosior), Fishhook Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni) and Desert Honeysuckle (Anisacanthus thurberi). Shrubs and Large Grasses: Bear Grass (Nolina microcarpa), Arizona Yucca (Yucca baccata var. brevifolia), Santa Rita Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia santa-rita), Desert Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii), Palmer Agave (Agave palmeri), Turpentine Bush (Ericameria laricifolia), Plains Bristlegrass (Setaria vulpiseta), Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), Tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus), Bush Muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri), Sand Dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus) and Prairie Acacia (Acacia angustissima). Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents: Hooker Evening-primrose (Oenothera elata subsp. hirsutissima), American Trixis (Trixis californica), Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla var. eriophylla), Wild Delphinium (Delphinium scaposum), Burroweed (Isocoma tenuisecta), Whitedaisy Tidytips (Layia glandulosa), Arizona Rainbow Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus rigidissimus), Desert Holly (Acourtia nana), Common Dogweed (Thymophylla pentachaeta var. pentachaeta), Brid’s Foot Morning-glory (Ipomoea ternifolia var. leptotoma) and Spreading Fanpetals (Sida abutifolia).

Township Notes

Location: This township is located in southeastern Pima County in south-central Arizona. Portions of the University of Arizona Santa Rita Experimental Range and Wildlife Area and the Coronado National Forest are located in this township. Named historic ranches, tanks and wells include the Proctor Ranch, Horseshoe Tank, Juniper Tank, South Tank, Benson Wells, Melendrez Well and Old Hickory Well.

Landmarks: A portion of the Santa Rita Mountains is located in the southeast half of the south half of this township. Named canyons included Chino Canyon, Faber Canyon and Madera Canyon. Named springs included Dutch John Spring. Named washes include Florida Canyon Wash, Madera Canyon Wash and Sawmill Canyon Wash. A portion of this township is located in the Santa Cruz Valley.

Elevation: Elevations range from approximately 3,090 feet at the northwest corner to approximately 7,400 feet on the east township line north of the southeast corner (1).

Physiographic Province: Portions of this township are located within the Sonoran Desert and Mexican Highland Sections of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (2).

Soil: Soils are described as thermic (hot) arid and semiarid soils (soils with mean annual temperatures of 59 degrees to 72 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees to 22 degrees Centigrade) and 10 to 16 inches (25 to 41 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Continental-Sonoita-Tubac Association (deep, arid soils on uplands), White House-Bernardino-Caralampi Association (deep, semiarid soils on uplands) and the Rock Outcrop-Lampshire-Cellar Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow semiarid soils of the mountains and foothills) and mesic (cool) subhumid soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of 47 degrees to 59 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees to 15 degrees Centigrade) and more than 16 inches (41 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Rock Outcrop-Barkerville-Faraway Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow subhumid soils of the mountains) (3).

Biotic Community: Portions of this township are located within the Scrub-Grassland (Semidesert Grassland) Regional Formation of the Grassland Formation and Madrean Evergreen Woodland of the Woodland Formation with associated Wetlands (4).

Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic

Map of Township Showing Adjacent Sections

The ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY

http://aznps.org/

The ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to Arizona's native plants. Its mission is to promote knowledge, appreciation, conservation, and restoration of Arizona native plants and their habitats. They work with the Southwest Rare Plant Task Force to develop strategies for protecting rare species and their habitats; they keep abreast of conservation issues concerning native plants species and responds to those through their Conservation Committee; they promote the use of native species in residential and commercial landscapes; they publish the Plant Press, support the publication of scholarly works and maintains a website with information and links about native plant, and they host a series of statewide events that provide forums to learn from professionals. Member activities and benefits include chapter and statewide gatherings; field trips and educational presentations; conservation through education, outreach and restoration; habitat restoration projects; informative website, newsletters and journals, and interactions with plant experts and enthusiasts.

Contact: Arizona Native Plant Society, PO Box 41206, Tucson, Arizona 85717.

The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY

http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp

The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native plant for which there is a buyer.

Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.

The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY

http://www.tucsoncactus.org/

The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.

NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE

(The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts a tremendous amount of time and effort into the

organizing and overseeing of their rescue events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated

members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.)

The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development. If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew member.

Contact: Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759, 520-885-6367.

LISTINF OF PLANTS

Acanthaceae: The Acanthus Family

Anisacanthus thurberi (J. Torrey) A. Gray (5): Anisacanthus, Chuparosa, Colegayo, Desert Honeysuckle, Thurber Anisacanthus, Thurber’s Desert-honeysuckle (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 8 feet high) (6); within range reported from canyon bottoms and along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; this plant is browsed by wildlife; the flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds)

Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray: Arizona Carlowrightia, Arizona Wrightwort, Lemilla, Rama de Toro, Wrightwort (terrestrial annual or perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 2,500 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Agavaceae: The Century-plant Family

Agave palmeri G. Engelmann: Agave, Century Plant, Lechugilla, Mescal, Palmer Agave, Palmer’s Century Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 4 feet high with a flowering stem reaching to 24 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas and outcrops 3,500 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Agave parviflora J. Torrey (subsp. parviflora is the subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Little Princess Agave, Maguey Sobari, Santa Cruz Striped Agave, Small-flowered Agave, Smallflower Century Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high with a flowering stem reaching to 6 feet in height); within range reported from mountain slopes, canyons, woodlands, rocky and gravelly slopes and ridges, hillcrests, bajadas, grasslands and flats 3,600 to 4,600 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson: Cactus Spoon, Common Sotol, Desert Spoon, Sotol, Spoon Flower, Spoon Plant, Wheeler Dasylirion, Wheeler Sotol (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (under 8 feet high with a flowering spike reaching to 15 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas and rocky and gravelly hillsides 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by bighorn sheep)

Nolina microcarpa S. Watson: Bear Grass, Palmilla, Sacahuista, Small-seed Nolina, Sotol Chiquito (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet high with a flowering spike reaching to 8 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rock outcrops, hills, sandy and gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, flats and valleys 3,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Yucca baccata J. Torrey var. brevifolia (H.W. Schott ex J. Torrey) L. Benson & R.A. Darrow (Yucca arizonica S.A. McKelvey, Yucca thornberi S.A. McKelvey): Arizona Yucca, Banana Yucca, Datil, Palma Criolla, Spanish Dagger, Thornber Yucca (terrestrial perennial evergreen herb, subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet high with a flowering stalk reaching to 5 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Yucca elata (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann var. elata: Amole, Datil, Palmilla, Palmlilja Jukka, Pamilla, Pamella, Soaptree, Soaptree Yucca, Soap Weed, Spanish Bayonet (terrestrial perennial narrow-leaved evergreen, palm-like shrub or tree (25 feet high or more with a flowering stalk reaching to 6 feet or more in height); within range reported from mesas, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family

Amaranthus fimbriatus (J. Torrey) G. Bentham ex S. Watson: Bledo, Fringed Amaranth, Fringed Pigweed, Quelite, Quelitillo, Toothed Amaranth (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, sandy flats and washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson: Bledo, Carelessweed, Palmer Amaranth, Palmer Pigweed, Pigweed, Red-root Pigweed, Quelite, Quiltite de las Aguas (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas below 5,500 feet elevation)

Froelichia arizonica J.J.Thornber ex P.C. Standley: Arizona Snakecotton (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes and plains 3,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Asclepiadaceae: The Milkweed Family

Asclepias lemmonii A. Gray: Bigleaf Milkweed, Lemmon’s Milkweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, saddles, open forests, woodlands, grasslands and outwash plains 4,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Asteraceae: The Aster Family

(Compositae: The Sunflower Family)

Acourtia nana (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia nana A. Gray): Desert Holly, Dwarf Desertpeony (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, slopes and gravelly flats below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Condolle (Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Condolle) P.A. Rydberg): Altamisa de Playa, Bursage Ragweed, Estafiate, Field Ragweed, Slimleaf Bursage, Weakleaf Burr Ragweed, Weak-leaved Burweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes, roadsides, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)

Artemisia sp.: Sagebrush

Aster potosinus (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom (Aster lemmoni A.Gray): Lemmon’s Aster, Santa Rita Mountain Aster (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, streams and riparian areas 5,000 to 7,000 feet elevation. EXTIRPATED from township)

Baccharis salicifolia (H. Ruiz Lopez & J.A. Pavon) C.H. Persoon (Baccharis glutinosa C.H. Persoon): Azumiate, Bachomo, Baldag Shi, Batamote, Broom Baccharis, Chamiso, Chamiso del Rio, Chilca, Cucamoarisha, Cuerepillo, Dsea Miis Ro, Dsea Miis Tee, False Willow, Gila Willow, Groundsel Tree, Guamate, Guatamote, Guatarote, Hierba del Pasmo, Huamate, Jara, Jara Amarilla, Jara Mexicana, Jaral, Jarilla, Mule’s Fat, Rosin Brush, Seep Willow, Seepwillow Baccharis, Sticky Baccharis, Togzten, Tu Ta’ Vi, Water Motie, Water Wally, Water Willow (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 12 feet high); within range reported from along washes, streams, rivers and disturbed areas below 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Desert Broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 10 feet high); within range reported from hills, flats, roadsides, along washes and streambeds, floodplains, bottom lands and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, consider planting male plants only to eliminate seed production)

Bahia absinthifolia G. Bentham: Hairyseed Bahia (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas and gravelly flats 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Brickellia sp.: Brickellbush

Cirsium neomexicanum A. Gray: Desert Thistle, New Mexico Thistle, Mexican Thistle (terrestrial biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, bajadas, plains, roadsides and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)

Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus (Aplopappus) laricifolius A. Gray): Larch-leaf Goldenweed, Turpentine Bush, Turpentine Brush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes and flats 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Erigeron sp., Fleabane

Gutierrezia sp.: Snakeweed

Hieracium pringlei A. Gray: Pringle’s Hawkweed (terrestrial perennial herb; reported from mountains, canyons, slopes and ridges 6,000 to 7,500 feet elevation)

Hymenothrix wislizeni A. Gray: Golden Ragweed, TransPecos Thimblehead, Wislizenus Beeflower (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Isocoma tenuisecta E.L. Greene (Aplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake, Haplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Burroweed, Hierba del Burrow (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, draws and disturbed areas 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Layia glandulosa (W.J. Hooker) W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott: Tidy Tips, Whitedaisy Tidytips, White Layia, White Tidytips (terrestrial native annual herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes and mesas below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Machaeranthera sp.: Tansyaster

Malacothrix fendleri A. Gray: Desert Dandelion, Fendler’s Desertdandelion (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, plains, flats, grassland, desertscrubs, roadsides, along washes, riparian shrublands and sandy soils 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Malacothrix stebbinsii W.S. Davis & J.E. Raven (Malacothrix clevelandii A. Gray var. stebbinsii (W.S. Davis & J.E. Raven) A.J. Cronquist): Stebbins’ Desertdandilion (terrestrial annual herb, within range reported from mountains, canyons, woodlands, scrubs, in the shade of boulders, grasslands, desertscrubs and along washes and streams 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Pectis filipes W.H. Harvey & A. Gray var. subnuda : Fivebract Cinchweed (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, woodlands, hillsides, grasslands, sandy plains and along streams 3,000 to 6,700 feet elevation)

Pectis linifolia C. Linnaeus var. linifolia: Narrowleaf Lemmonweed, Romero Macho (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from shaded canyons, slopes, grasslands, sandy flats, desertscrubs and floodplains 2,600 to 6,000 feet elevation)

Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray: Desert Chicory, Desert Dandelion, Goatsbeard, New Mexico Plumeseed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes and plains 200 to 3,000 feet elevation)

Sanvitalia abertii A. Gray: Abert’s Creeping Zinnia (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, forests, clearings in forests, hills, woodlands, flats, grasslands, along streams and creeks, mesquite bosques, riparian areas, disturbed areas and sandy soils 3,700 to 7,500 feet elevation)

Stephanomeria pauciflora (J. Torrey) A. Nelson (Stephanomeria pauciflora (J. Torrey) A. Nelson var. pauciflora): Brownplume Wirelettuce, Desert Straw, Small-flowered Wirelettuce (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, roadsides, along washes and floodplains 150 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) J.K. Small var. pentachaeta (Dyssodia pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) B.J Robinson): Common Dogweed, Dogweed, Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf, Golden Dogweed, Golden Dyssodia, Parralena, Parvialena, Scale Glandbush, Thurber Dyssodia (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,500 to 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; larval food plant of the Dainty Sulfur)

Trixis californica A. Kellogg: American Threefold, American Trixis, Arizona Green Plant, California Trixis (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, among boulders and rocks, flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Uropappus linearifolius T. Nuttall (Microseris lindleyi (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray, Microseris linearifolia (T. Nuttall) C.H. Schultz: Hierba de Pasmo, Lindley’s Silverpuffs, Linearleaf Microseris, Narrowleaf Microseris, Silver Puffs (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, roadsides and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)

Viguiera dentata (A.J. Cavanilles) C.P. Sprengel var. lancifolia J. Blake: Lanceleaf Goldeneye, Sunflower Goldeneye, Toothleaf Goldeneye (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, draws, along edges of arroyos, sandy washes, ditch banks 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Bignoniaceae: The Trumpet-creeper Family

Chilopsis linearis (A.J. Cavanilles) R. Sweet subsp. arcuata (F.R. Fosberg) Henrickson (Chilopsis linearis (A.J. Cavanilles) R. Sweet var. arcuata F.R. Fosberg): Desert Catalpa, Desert Willow, Flowering Willow, Jano, Mimbre, Western Desert-willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 25 feet high or more); within range reported from roadsides and along washes and streams below 6,000 feet elevation; useful in erosion control and as an ornamental)

Cactaceae: The Cactus Family

Coryphantha scheeri (F. Müehlenpfordt) L. Benson var. robustispina (H.W. Schott) L. Benson (Mammillaria robustispina H.W. Schott ex G. Engelmann): Longtubercle Beehive Cactus, Devil’s Pincushion, Pima Pineapple Cactus, Scheer’s Strong-spined Cory Cactus, Stout-needled Cory Cactus, Stout-needled Mulee Pineapple (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, ridges, bajadas, slopes and flats. PERIPHERAL PLANT(S))

Echinocereus rigidissimus (G. Engelmann) F.A. Haage f. (Echinocereus pectinatus (M.J. Scheidweiler) G. Engelmann var. rigidissimus (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rumpler): Arizona Rainbow Cactus, Rainbow Echinocereus, Rainbow Hedgehog, Rainbow Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 1 foot); within range reported from mountains, hills, grasslands and flats 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes and arroyos below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, and along washes, gullies and arroyos 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)

Opuntia santa-rita (D. Griffiths & R.F. Hare) J.N. Rose (Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. santa-rita (D. Griffiths & R.F. Hare) L. Benson: Blue Blade, Dollar Cactus, Duraznilla, Nopal Morado, Purple Pricklypear, Red Blade Pricklypear, Santa Rita Cactus, Santa Rita Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 5 feet high); within range reported from canyons, ridges, bajadas, slopes, flats and valleys 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey: Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mountainsides, canyons, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and floodplains 1,000 to 5,000+ feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Caprifoliaceae: The Honeysuckle Family

Sambucus nigra C. Linnaeus subsp. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) R. Bolli (Sambucus caerulea C.F. Rafinesque var. mexicana (C.B. Presl ex A.P. de Condolle) L.D. Benson, Sambucus mexicana C.B. Presl ex A.P. de Condolle): American Elderberry, Arizona Blue Elder, Blueberry Elder, Arizona Elder, Common Elderberry, Desert Elderberry, Elder, Elderberry, Mexican Elder, Mexican Elderberry, Sauco, Tapiro, Tapiro Sauco (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub, shrub or tree (to 36 feet high); within range reported from washes, floodplains, creeks, streams, watercourses, ditches, cienegas and wet areas 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; foliage is browsed by deer, fruits are eaten by birds)

Caryophyllaceae: The Pink Family

Silene antirrhina C. Linnaeus: Catchfly, Desert Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Silene (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes and streambeds below 6,000 feet elevation)

Chenopodiaceae: The Goosefoot Family

Chenopodium sp.: Goosefoot

Salsola tragus C. Linnaeus (Salsola iberica Sennen & C. Pau, Salsola kali C. Linnaeus var. tenuifolia (H. Tausch) P. Aellen, Salsola kali C. Linnaeus subsp. tragus (C. Linnaeus) P. Aellen): Cardo Ruso, Chamiso, Chamiso Valador, Coast Saltwort, Common Russian Thistle, Prickly Russian Thistle, Russian Thistle, Tumbleweed, Tumbling Thistle, Volador, Wind Witch (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 150 to 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Convolvulaceae: The Morning-glory Family

Ipomoea ternifolia A.J. Cavanilles var. leptotoma (J. Torrey) J.A. McDonald (Ipomoea leptotoma J. Torrey): Bird’s Foot Morning-glory, Tripleleaf Morning-glory (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, flats and washes 3,000 to 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ipomoea longifolia G. Bentham: Pinkthroat Morning-glory (terrestrial herb or vine; within range reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky cliffs, rocky hillsides, slopes, woodlands, foothills, grasslands, plains, roadsides and rocky and gravelly soils 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)

Cucurbitaceae: The Cucumber Family

Apodanthera undulata A. Gray: Melon Loco (terrestrial perennial herb or creeping vine (to 10 feet long); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and washes 1,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Echinopepon wrightii (A Gray) S Watson: Wright Mockcucumber, Wild Balsam Apple, Wild Balsamapple (terrestrial annual herb or vine; within range reported from rocky slopes and along streams and washes 3,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Cupressaceae: The Cypress Family

Juniperus deppeana E.G. von Steudel: Alligator Bark Juniper, Alligator Juniper, Checker Bark Juniper, Western Juniper (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (20 to 65 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, forests, rocky slopes, rocky hillsides, woodlands, grasslands, along washes and rocky soils 4,200 to 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental with older trees having considerable character; birds and mammals feed on the berries)

Cyperaceae: The Sedge Family

Carex chihuahuensis K.K. MacKenzie: Chihuahuan Sedge, Sedge (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, among rocks, wet meadows, desertscrubs, valleys, springs, along rivers, cienegas, riparian forests and woodlands and damp sands 3,600 to 6,000 feet elevation)

Euphorbiaceae: The Spurge Family

Argythamnia neomexicana J. Müller Argoviensis (Ditaxis neomexicana (J. Müller Argoviensis) F.X. Heller): Ditaxis, New Mexico Ditaxis, New Mexico Silverbush, New Mexico Wild Mercury (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Chamaesyce dioica (K.S. Kunth) C.F. Millspaugh (Euphorbia indivisa (G. Engelmann) I. Tidestrom: Royal Sandmat (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from canyons, woodlands, scrubs, hillsides, slopes, grasslands, rock outcrops, desertscrubs, along washes, riparian areas and sandy soils 2,000 to 7,400 feet elevation)

Chamaesyce florida (G. Engelmann) C.F. Millspaugh (Euphorbia florida G. Engelmann): Chiricahua Mountain Sandmat, Florida Spurge, Spurge (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats and along sandy washes 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family

Acacia angustissima (P. Miller) C.E. Kuntze: Barbus de Chivo, Cantemo, Fern Acacia, Guajillo, Palo de Pulque, Prairie Acacia, Siraku K’amataraku, Timbe, Timben, Timbre, Whiteball Acacia (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and washes 3,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Acacia constricta G. Bentham: Chaparro Prieto, Common Whitethorn, Garabato, Gigantillo, Huisache, Largoncillo, Mescat Acacia, Vara Prieta, Vinorama, Whitethorn Acacia, White Thorn (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, floodplains and along washes and arroyos 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, the flowers are fragrant)

Acacia greggii A. Gray var. greggii (Acacia greggii A. Gray, Acacia greggii A. Gray var. arizonica P.T. Isley): Algarroba, Catclaw, Catclaw Acacia, Devil’s Claw, Gatuno, Gregg Catclaw, Tear Blanket, Tepame, Tesota, Una de Gato (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 23 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, floodplains and along sandy washes and streams below 4,500 feet elevation: useful as an ornamental)

Astragalus sp.: Locoweed, Milkvetch

Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham var. eriophylla: Cabelleto de Angel, Cabeza Angel, Fairyduster, False Mesquite, False Mesquite Calliandra, Guajillo, Hairy-leaved Calliandra, Huajillo, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by wildlife.)

Galactia wrightii A. Gray: Cliff Bean, Wright’s Milkpea (terrestrial perennial herb, vine or subshrub; within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)

Mimosa aculeaticarpa C.G. de Ortega var. biuncifera (G. Bentham) R.C. Barneby (Mimosa biuncifera G. Bentham): Cat Claw, Catclaw Mimosa, Garruno, Gatuno, Una de Gato, Wait-a-bit, Wait-a-minute, Wait-a-Minute Bush (terrestrial perennial shrub or small tree (to 8 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, gravelly flats and along washes 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for wildlife and forage for Whitetail Deer; reportedly useful in controlling erosion)

Parkinsonia florida (G. Bentham ex A. Gray) S. Watson (Cercidium floridum G. Bentham): Blue Paloverde, Paloverde (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 30 feet high); within range reported from canyons, hills, bajadas, slopes, flats, roadsides, floodplains and along sandy washes below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental with a very showy display of yellow flowers in the spring; twigs and seed pods are browsed by wildlife, seeds are eaten by birds and rodents; useful in controlling erosion)

Prosopis velutina E.O. Wooton (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Condolle var. velutina (E.O. Wooton) C.S. Sargent): Algarroba, Chachaca, Mesquite, Mezquite, Velvet Mesquite (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and floodplains below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife)

Rhynchosia senna J. Gillies ex W.J. Hooker var. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Rhynchosia texana J. Torrey & A. Gray): Rosary Bean, Texas Snoutbean (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, woodlands, grasslands, scrubs, plains, roadsides, along creeks, floodplains and riparian areas 3,300 to 6,100 feet elevation)

Tephrosia thurberi (P.A. Rydberg) C.E. Wood: Thurber’s Hoarypea (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, mountainsides, canyons, woodlands and slopes 4,500 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Fagaceae: The Beech Family

Quercus sp.: Oak

Fouquieriaceae: The Ocotillo Family

Fouquieria splendens G. Engelmann: Albarda, Barda, Candle Bush, Candle Wood, Coach Whip, Flamingsword, Jacob’s Staff, Monkey-tail, Ocotillo, Ocotillo del Corral, Slimwood, Vine Cactus (terrestrial perennial shrub (7 to 33 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; a preferred food plant of Costa’s Hummingbird)

Geraniaceae: The Geranium Family

Erodium cicutarium (C. Linnaeus) C.L. L'Héritier de Brutelle: Afilaree, Alfilaria, Alfilerilla, Alfilerillo, Clocks, Common Stork’s Bill, Filaree, Heron Bill, Red-stem Filaree, Redstem Stork’s Bill (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas below 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC; poses a significant threat to native habitat)

Krameriaceae: The Ratany Family

Krameria erecta C.L. von Wildenow (Krameria parviflora G. Bentham): Chacate, Coashui, Littleleaf Ratany, Pima Ratany, Purple Heather, Range Ratany, Small-flower Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 5,000 feet)

Loasaceae: Blazingstar Family

Mentzelia multiflora (T. Nuttall) A. Gray: Adonis Blazingstar, Adonis Stickleaf, Blazingstar, Desert Blazingstar, Desert Mentzelia, Manyflowered Mentzelia (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, desertscrubs, sand dunes and sandy and gravelly soils 600 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Malvaceae: The Mallow Family

Abutilon sp.: Indian Mallow

Gossypium thurberi A. Todaro: Algodoncillo, Desert Cotton, Thurber’s Cotton, Thurberia, Wild Cotton, Wild Desert Cotton (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (3 to 12 feet high); within range reported from canyons, gravelly and rocky slopes and along washes, streambeds and ditches 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Sida abutifolia P. Miller (Sida filicaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray, Sida procumbens E.J. Schwartz): Spreading Fanpetals, Spreading Sida (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly and sandy flats 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Sida spinosa C. Linnaeus (Sida spinosa C. Linnaeus var. angustifolia auct. p.p. non (J.B. de Lamarck) A.H. Grisebach had been the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Prickly Fanpetals, Prickly Sida (terrestrial annual or perennial herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, woodlands, soil pockets in rock outcrops, hills, alluvial fans, grasslands, sandy plains, roadsides, springs, washes, damp soil in streambeds, disturbed areas and sandy soils 3,200 to 6,900 feet elevation)

Sphaeralcea sp.: Globemallow

Nyctaginaceae: The Four-o’clock Family

Allionia incarnata C. Linnaeus: Guapile, Herba de la Hormiga, Pink Three-flower, Trailing Allionia, Trailing Four O’Clock, Trailing Windmills, Umbrella Wort, Windmills (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed sites below 6,000 feet elevation)

Boerhavia coccinea P. Miller: Indian Boerhaavia, Red Spiderling, Scarlet Spiderling, Wine Flower (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, flats and along washes below 7,000 feet elevation)

Boerhavia scandens C. Linnaeus (Commicarpus scandens (C. Linnaeus) P.C. Standley): Bush Spiderling, Climbing Wartclub, Miona, Pega-polla (terrestrial perennial subshrub or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats and along washes 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Oleaceae: The Olive Family

Fraxinus velutina J. Torrey (Fraxinus pennsylvanica C.D. Marsh var. velutina (J. Torrey) G.N. Miller): Arizona Ash, Desert Ash, Fresno, Smooth Ash, Toumey Ash, Velvet Ash (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (40 feet high); within range reported from moist canyons, washes, streams, creeks, rivers and around pools 2,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers)

Onagraceae: The Evening-primrose Family

Oenothera elata K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S Watson) W. Dietrich: (Oenothera hookeri J. Torrey & A. Gray subsp. hewettii T.D. Cockerell, Oenothera hookeri J. Torrey & A. Gray subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S Watson) P.A. Munz): Hooker’s Evening Primrose, Yellow Flowered Evening-primrose (terrestrial biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from damp places in mountains, slopes, clearings in forests and woodlands, plains, roadsides, springs, streambeds and pools 3,500 to 9,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Orchidaceae: The Orchid Family

Hexalectris spicata (T. Walter) J.H. Barnhart: Cock’s Comb, Crested Coral Root, Dragon’s Claw, Raiz-de-coral Cestada (Spanish), Spiked Crested Coralroot (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, woodlands, among rocks and organic and sandy soils 3,400 to 7,500 feet elevation)

Papaveraceae: The Poppy Family

Argemone pleiacantha E.L. Greene subsp. pleiacantha: Bluestem Pricklepoppy, Chicolote, Cowboys’ Fried Eggs, Southwestern Pricklypoppy, Thistle Poppy (terrestrial biennial herb; within range reported from mesas, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas; useful as an ornamental)

Eschscholzia californica L.K. von Chamisso subsp. mexicana (E.L. Greene) J.C. Clark (Eschscholtzia mexicana E.L. Greene): Amapola Amorilla,, Amopola del Campo, California Poppy, Desert Gold Poppy, Gold Poppy, Mexican Gold Poppy (terrestrial winter annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, ridge tops, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and roadsides below 4,500 feet elevation)

Pedaliaceae: The Sesame Family

(Martyniaceae: The Unicorn-plant Family)

Proboscidea parviflora (E.O. Wooton) P.C. Standley subsp. parviflora: Cuernitos, Doubleclaw, Elephant Tusks, New Mexico Devil’s-claw, Small-flowered Devil’s-claw, Elephant Tusks, Small-flowered Unicorn Plant (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Platanaceae: The Planetree Family

Platanus wrightii S. Watson (Platanus racemosa T. Nuttall var. wrightii (S. Watson) L. Benson): Arizona Planetree, Arizona Sycamore, Buttonwood, Plane Tree (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (40 to 80 feet); within range reported from rocky canyons and along creeks and streams 2,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers; valuable in preventing erosion along stream banks)

Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family

Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall: Perennial Three-awn, Purple Needle-grass, Purple Threeawn, Tres Barbas Purpurea (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)

Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall var. longiseta (E.G. von Steudel) G. Vasey (Aristida longiseta E.G. von Steudel): Dog Town Grass, Fendler Threeawn, Long-awned Aristida, Long-awned Three-awn, Red Threeawn (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from slopes, hills, plains and flats 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Aristida ternipes A.J. Cavanilles var. gentilis (J.S. Henrickson) K.W. Allred (Aristida hamulosa J.S. Henrickson): Hook Threeawn, Mesa Threeawn, Poverty Threeawn, Spidergrass, Threeawn, Zacate Arana de Tres (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, plateaus, rocky slopes, bajadas, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Bothriochloa barbinodis (M. Lagasca y Segura) W.G. Herter (Andropogon barbinodis M. Lagasca y Segura): Algodonero, Bristlejoint Bluestem, Cane Beard Grass, Cane Bluestem, Perforated Bluestem, Pinhole Beardgrass, Pinhole Bluestem, Popotillo, Zacate Popotillo (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Bouteloua curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey: Navajita Banderilla, Sideoats Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes and hills below 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Bouteloua eludens D. Griffiths: Santa Rita Grama, Santa Rita Mountain Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, woodlands, rocky slopes, ridges, rocky and gravelly hills, grasslands, gulches, along washes and sandy soils 3,800 to 5,300 feet elevation)

Bouteloua eriopoda (J. Torrey) J. Torrey: Black Grama, Woollyfoot Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, plateaus, canyons, rocky slopes and hills 3,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Bouteloua repens (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill (Bouteloua filiformis (E.P. Fournier) D. Griffiths): Navajta Rastrera, Large Mesquite Grama, Slender Grama, Zacate Sabanilla (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, foothills, flats, roadsides and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation)

Bouteloua trifida G. Thurber: China, Navajita, Navajita Roja, Red Grama, Three-awn Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, plains and gravelly flats 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Chloris virgata O. Swartz: Cola de Zorra, Feather Fingergrass, Showy Chloris, Zacate Lagunero (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, damp soil of streambeds, ditches, swales, waste places and disturbed land below 5,500 feet elevation)

Cynodon dactylon (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon: Bermudagrass, Devil Grass, European Bermuda Grass, Pata de Gallo, Zacate Bermuda, Zacate Ingles (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, roadsides, seeps, moist soil along washes, streambeds, cienegas and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)

Digitaria californica (G. Bentham) J.S. Henrickson (Trichachne californica (G. Bentham) M.A. Chase): Arizona Cottontop, California Cottontop, Cotton-top, Zacate Punta Blanca (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes and gravelly flats 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) R.K. Pilger var. pubiflora (G. Vasey) L.H. Dewey (Leptoloma cognatum (J.A. Schultes) M.A. Chase): Carolina Crabgrass, Fall Witchgrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, woodlands, gravelly hills, grasslands, gravelly plains, roadsides, arroyos, disturbed areas and sandy soils 2,400 to 5,600 feet elevation)

Eragrostis cilianensis (C. Allioni) F. Vignolo-Lutati ex E.E. Janchen: Candygrass, Lovegrass, Stinkgrass, Stinking Lovegrass, Strong-scented Lovegrass, Zacate Apestoso (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, sandy flats, roadsides, gravelly soils along trails, along washes, damp soil in streambeds, bottomlands and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Eragrostis curvula (H.A. Schrader) C.G. Nees von Esenbeck (Eragrostis curvula (H.A. Schrader) C.G. Nees von Esenbeck var. conferta O. Stapf): Weeping Lovegrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from roadsides. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchcock: Plains Lovegrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, plains and flats 3,500 to 6,000 feet elevation)

Eragrostis lehmanniana C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Lehmann Lovegrass, Zacate Africano, Zacate de Amor (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)

Eriochloa acuminata (J.S. Presl): K.S. Kunth var. acuminata (Eriochloa gracilis (E.P. Fournier) A.S. Hitchcock, Eriochloa lemmoni G. Vasey & F.L. Scribner var. gracilis (E.P. Fournier) F.W. Gould): Cupgrass, South-western Cupgrass, Tapertip Cupgrass (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides, along washes and streams, moist soil and disturbed areas 4,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Erioneuron avenaceum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Takeoka (Erioneuron avenaceum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Takeoka var. grandiflorum (G. Vasey) F.W. Gould, Tridens grandiflorus (G. Vasey) E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley): Shortleaf Woollygrass, Large-flowered Tridens, Shortleaf Tridens (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, openings in woodlands, foothills, rocky hillsides, grasslands, desertscrubs and rocky soils 2,400 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Cottea pappophoroides K.S. Kunth: Cotta Grass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hills, sandy bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Heteropogon contortus (C. Linnaeus) A.M. Palisot de Beauvois ex J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes: Barba Negra, Tanglehead, Tanglehead Grass, Retorcido Moreno, Zacate Colorado (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, ravines, plains, flats, roadsides and along washes 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Muhlenbergia porteri F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal: Bush-grass, Bush Muhly, Mesquitegrass, Zacate Aparejo (terrestrial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Panicum hirticaule J.S. Presl var. hirticaule (Panicum capillare C. Linnaeus var. hirticaule (J.S. Presl) F.W. Gould): Mexican Panicgrass, Roughstalk Witchgrass, Witchgrass (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, roadsides, along washes, damp soil in streambeds and seeps and disturbed areas 1,000 to 7,500 feet elevation)

Polypogon elongatus K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: American Rabbitfoot Grass; Rabbitfoot Grass, Streambank Rabbitfoot Grass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, woodlands, streams, ditches and marshy and moist soils 4,400 to 5,200 feet elevation)

Setaria vulpiseta (J.B. de Lamarck) J.J. Roemer & J.A. Shultes (Setaria macrostachya K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth): Assaak, Plains Bristlegrass, Xikkaa Kiix, Zacate Tempranero, Zacate Temprano (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds 2,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchcock: Spike Dropseed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bluffs, rocky slopes, sand hills, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides, along washes and floodplains 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Sporobolus cryptandrus (J. Torrey) A. Gray: Covered-spike Dropseed, Sand Dropseed, Zacate de Arena (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and along washes below 7,000 feet elevation: useful as an ornamental)

Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex F.L. Scribner (Sporobolus airoides (J. Torrey) J. Torrey var. wrightii (W. Munro ex F.L. Scribner) F.W. Gould): Alkali Sacaton, Big Sacaton, Sacaton, Sacaton Grass, Wright Sacaton, Zacaton (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from plateaus, rocky slopes, flats, along washes, river banks, floodplains and bottomlands 2,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Tragus berteronianus J.A. Schultes: Spiked Burr Grass (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, woodlands, scrubs, hillsides, bajadas, slopes, graslands, alluvial terraces, plains, rocky flats, roadsides, gulches, sandy washes, river bottoms, floodplains, sandy soils, waste places and disturbed areas 3,800 to 5,700 feet elevation)

Urochloa arizonica (F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill) O. Morrone & F.O. Zuloaga (Brachiaria arizonica (F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill) S.T. Blake, Panicum arizonicum F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill): Arizona Panicgrass, Arizona Panicum, Arizona Signalgrass, Piojillo de Arizona (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, sandy flats, roadsides, ephemeral seeps and along washes and streambeds 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Polemoniaceae: The Phlox Family

Gilia flavocincta A. Nelson subsp. australis (V. Grant & A.D. Grant) M.A. Day & V. Grant (Gilia ophthalmoides var. australis V. Grant & A.D. Grant): Gilia, Gily-flower, Lesser Yellowthroat Gilia, Yellowthroat Gily-flower (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, woodlands, rocky hills, hillsides, grasslands, rocky outcrops, flats, desertscrubs, along washes and streams, floodplains,riparian areas, rocky or sandy soils and disturbed areas 1,800 to 6,900 feet elevation)

Polygonaceae: The Buckwheat Family

Eriogonum abertianum J. Torrey: Abert’s Buckwheat, Abert Wild Buckwheat, Wild Buckwheat (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky and gravelly slopes, foothills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas 1,500 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Eriogonum trichopes J. Torrey var. trichopes: Little Desert Buckwheat, Little Deserttrumpet, Little Trumpet, Yellow Trumpet (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Eriogonum wrightii J. Torrey ex G Bentham var. wrightii: Bastardsage, Wright Buckwheat, Wright Buckwheat Brush (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, valleys, rocky banks of washes and alluvial fans 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; important browse plant for deer)

Portulacaceae: The Purselane Family

Calandrinia ciliata (L.H. Ruiz & J.A. Pavon) A.P. de Condolle (Calandrinia ciliata (L.H. Ruiz & J.A. Pavon) A.P. de Condolle var. menziesii (W.J. Hooker) J.F. Macbride): Desert Rock Purslane, Fringed Redmaids, Red Maids, Rock Purslane (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, hills, gravelly flats and disturbed areas 1,500 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Portulaca umbraticola K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Purslane, Wingpod Purslane (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported mesas, from rocky and gravelly slopes, plains, flats, damp soil in streambeds and roadsides 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation)

Primulaceae: The Primrose Family

Samolus vagans E.L. Greene: Chiricahua Mountain Brookweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, woodlands, ravines, springs, along brooks and streams, marshy meadows and in wet sand 3,500 to 7,200 feet elevation)

Ranunculaceae: The Buttercup Family

Delphinium scaposum E.L. Greene: Bare-stem Larkspur, Espuelita, Naked Delphinium, Tall Mountain Larkspur, Wild Delphinium (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, gravelly flats and along washes below 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Rhamnaceae: The Buckthorn Family

Ziziphus obtusifolia (W.J. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) A. Weberbauer var. canescens (A. Gray) W. Trelease): Abrojo, Bachata, Barbachatas, Clepe, Garrapata, Garumbullo, Gray-leaved Abrojo, Gray-thorn, Greythorn, Gumdrop Tree, Lotebush, Palo Blanco, Southwestern Condalia, White Crucillo (terrestrial perennial shrub or small tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds and bottomlands 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Rosaceae: The Rose Family

Lyonothamnus sp.: Lyonothamnus

Rutaceae: The Rue Family

Thamnosma texana (A. Gray) J. Torrey: Cordoncillo, Dutchman’s Breeches, Ruda del Monte, Rue of the Mountains, Texas Desertrue (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Salicaceae: The Willow Family

Salix gooddingii J. Ball: Dudley Willow, Goodding Black Willow, Goodding’s Willow, Western Black Willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from wet soils along streams and washes, cienegas and lakeshores below 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers)

Sapindaceae: The Soapberry Family

Sapindus saponaria C. Linnaeus var. drummondii (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) L. Benson (Sapindus drummondii W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott): Amole, Amolio, Arbolillo, Cherioni, Guayul, Jaboncillo, Matamuchacho, Ojo de Loro, Palo Blanco, Soapberry, Tehuistle, Tzatzupa, Western Soapberry, Wild Chinaberry, Wild China-tree, Wing-leaf Soapberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 25 feet high); within range reported from canyons, moist soil along streams and washes and floodplains 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; seeds and leaves are poisonous)

Scrophulariaceae: The Figwort Family

Maurandella antirrhiniflora (F.W. von Humboldt & A.J. Bonpland ex C.L. von Willdenow) W.H. Rothmaler (Maurandya antirrhiniflora F.W. von Humboldt & A.J. Bonpland ex C.L. von Willdenow): Blue Snapdragon Vine, Little Snapdragon Vine, Roving Sailor, Snapdragon Maurandya, Snapdragon Vine, Twining Snapdragon, Vine Blue Snapdragon, Violet Twining, Violet Twining Snapdragon (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats and along washes, streambeds and watercourses 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Solanaceae: The Potato Family

Datura wrightii E.A. Regel (Datura metaloides auct. non M.F. Dunal): Giant Jimson, Indian Apple, Jimson Weed, Moon Lily, Sacred Datura, Sacred Thorn-apple, Thornapple, Tolache, Tolguacha, Western Jimson (terrestrial annual or perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, plains, roadsides, arroyos, along ditches and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation. Poisonous)

Physalis crassifolia G. Bentham: Desert Ground Cherry, Thick-leaved Ground Cherry, Tomate de Culebra, Tomatillo del Desierto, Yellow Nightshade Groundcherry (terrestrial annual or perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, gravelly flats and along washes 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Solanum elaeagnifolium A.J. Cavanilles: Bull Nettle, Desert Nightshade, Silver Horsenettle, Silverleaf Nightshade, Trompillo, White Horsenettle (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from plains, flats, roadsides, cienegas and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Sterculiaceae: The Cacao Family

Ayenia filiformis S. Watson: Desert Ayenia, TransPecos Ayenia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within range reported from rocky slopes and flats 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Ulmaceae: The Elm Family

Celtis laevigata C.L. von Wildenow var. reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson (Celtis reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson): Canyon Hackberry, False Elm, Netleaf Hackberry, Palo Blanco, Sugarberry, Western Hackberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 30 feet high); within range reported from moist soils of canyons, hillsides, flats, fencerows and along washes and streams 1,500 to 3,500 feet elevation; the fruit is eaten by wildlife; useful as an ornamental)

Celtis pallida J. Torrey: Acebuche, Bainoro, Capul, Desert Hackberry, Garabato, Garambullo, Granjeno, Huasteco, Palo de Aguila, Rompecapa, Shiny Hackberry, Spiny Hackberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (3 to 18 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, flats, along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; this plant provides excellent cover for many birds, and the fruit are eaten by many birds and small desert mammals; useful as an ornamental)

Verbenaceae: The Verbena Family

Aloysia sp.: Beebrush