September
28, 2005 Update
TOWNSHIP
16 SOUTH, RANGE 16 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA
Gila
and Salt River Baseline and Meridian
Major Contributor and Source of
Information: William T. Kendall.
Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.
Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANTS. Landscaped plants are not included in the lists unless they have become naturalized in the surrounding native environment.
Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.
Appreciation is expressed to the
officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game
and Fish Department,
Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.
DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.
CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at the site where they are to be planted.
Township Notes
Location: This township is
located in east-central
Landmarks: Named creeks and
washes include Aqua Verde Creek, Cienega Creek and
This photograph was taken looking
northeast, the
Elevation: Elevations range from approximately 3,050 in the Pantano Wash on the north township line to approximately 3,850 feet at an unnamed peak located south southwest of the northeast corner (1).
Soil: Soils are described as thermic (hot) arid and semiarid soils of the Continental-Sonoita-Tubac Association (deep, arid soils on uplands), Pinaleno-Nickel-Palos Verdes Association (deep, arid, gravelly soils on deeply dissected uplands), Rillino-Latene-Cave Association (deep to very shallow, calcareous soils on uplands), White House-Bernardino-Caralampi Association (deep, semiarid soils on uplands), Caralampi-Hathaway Association (deep, semiarid gravelly soils on deeply dissected uplands) and the Rock Outcrop-Lampshire-Cellar Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow semiarid soils of the mountains and foothills) with isolated areas of Rock Outcrop and shallow soils (3).
Biotic Community: Portions of this township are located within the Arizona Upland Subdivision of the Sonoran Desertscrub Regional Formation of the Desertscrub Formation and Semidesert Grassland of the Grassland Formation with associated Wetlands (4).
Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic
Map of Township with Adjacent Sections
Plant Propagation Note
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native
plant for which there is a buyer. Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant
Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.
PLANTS
Agavaceae: The Century-plant Family
Agave palmeri G. Engelmann (5): Agave, Century Plant, Lechugilla, Mescal, Palmer Agave, Palmer’s Century Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 4 feet high with a flowering stem reaching to 24 feet in height) (6); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas and outcrops 3,500 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson: Cactus Spoon, Common Sotol, Desert Spoon, Sotol, Spoon Flower, Spoon Plant, Wheeler Dasylirion, Wheeler Sotol (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (under 8 feet high with a flowering spike reaching to 15 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas and rocky and gravelly hillsides 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by bighorn sheep)
Yucca baccata J. Torrey var. brevifolia (H.W. Schott ex J. Torrey) L. Benson & R.A. Darrow (Yucca arizonica S.A. McKelvey, Yucca thornberi S.A. McKelvey): Arizona Yucca, Banana Yucca, Datil, Palma Criolla, Spanish Dagger, Thornber Yucca (terrestrial perennial evergreen herb, subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet high with a flowering stalk reaching to 5 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Yucca elata (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann var. elata: Amole, Datil, Palmilla, Palmlilja Jukka, Pamilla, Pamella, Soaptree, Soaptree Yucca, Soap Weed, Spanish Bayonet (terrestrial perennial narrow-leaved evergreen, palm-like shrub or tree (25 feet high or more with a flowering stalk reaching to 6 feet or more in height); within range reported from mesas, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family
Tidestromia lanuginosa (T. Nuttall) P.C. Standley: Espanta Vaqueras, Herba Lanuda, Hierba Ceniza, Honeysweet, Woolly Honeysweet, Woolly Tidestromia (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas below 5,500 feet elevation)
Asteraceae: The Aster Family
(Compositae: The Sunflower Family)
Acourtia nana (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia nana A. Gray): Desert Holly, Dwarf Desertpeony (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, slopes and gravelly flats below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Condolle (Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Condolle) P.A. Rydberg): Altamisa de Playa, Bursage Ragweed, Estafiate, Field Ragweed, Slimleaf Bursage, Weakleaf Burr Ragweed, Weak-leaved Burweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes, roadsides, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Desert Broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 10 feet high); within range reported from hills, flats, roadsides, along washes and streambeds, floodplains, bottom lands and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, consider planting male plants only to eliminate seed production)
Baileya multiradiata W.H. Harvey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Baileya del Desierto, Desert Baileya, Desert Marigold, Hierba Amarilla, Many-flowered Desert-marigold, Paper Daisy, Wild Marigold (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, sandy and gravelly flats, roadsides and washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Centaurea melitensis C. Linnaeus: Cardo, Malta Centaurea, Malta Thistle, Maltese Centaury, Maltese Cockspur, Malta Starthistle, Maltese Star-thistle, Napa Starthistle, Saucy Jack, Tocalote (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas below 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Cirsium neomexicanum A. Gray: Desert Thistle, New Mexico Thistle, Mexican Thistle (terrestrial biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, bajadas, plains, roadsides and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey: Brittlebush, Button Brittlebush, Goldenhills, Hierba Cenisa, Hierba de Gusano, Hierba de las Animas, Hierba del Vaso, Incienso, Rama Blanca, White Brittlebush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, flats and washes below 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus (Aplopappus) laricifolius A. Gray): Larch-leaf Goldenweed, Turpentine Bush, Turpentine Brush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes and flats 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Gutierrezia microcephala (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray: Sticky Snakeweed, Threadleaf Snakeweed, Three-leaf Snakeweed (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 3,500 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Isocoma tenuisecta E.L. Greene (Aplopappus
tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake,
Haplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Burroweed, Hierba del Burrow (terrestrial
perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from
mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, draws and
disturbed areas 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Machaeranthera pinnatifida (W.J. Hooker) L.H. Shinners subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida (Aplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Condolle var. turbinellus (P.A. Rydberg) J. Blake), Haplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Condolle var. turbinellus (P.A. Rydberg) J. Blake): Cutleaf Ironplant Lacy Tansyaster, Spiny Haplopappus (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)
Melampodium leucanthum J. Torrey & A. Gray: Ash-gray Blackfoot, Blackfoot Daisy, Desert Daisy, Plains Blackfoot (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes and flats often on limestone 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Parthenium incanum K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Crowded Rayweed, Mariola (terrestrial perennial subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, plains and gravelly flats 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) E.L. Greene: Cooper Paperflower, Paper Daisy, Paper Flower, Whitestem Paperflower, Yellow Paper Daisy (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and floodplains 2,000 to 5,000 feet; useful as an ornamental elevation)
Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) J.K. Small var. pentachaeta (Dyssodia pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) B.J Robinson): Common Dogweed, Dogweed, Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf, Golden Dogweed, Golden Dyssodia, Parralena, Parvialena, Scale Glandbush, Thurber Dyssodia (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,500 to 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; larval food plant of the Dainty Sulfur)
Verbesina encelioides (A.J. Cavanilles) G. Bentham & W.J. Hooker f. ex A. Gray subsp. exauriculata (B.J. Robinson & J.M. Greenman) J.R. Coleman: Butter-daisy, Cow Pasture Daisy, Cowpen Daisy, Crownbeard, Girasolillo, Golden Crownbeard, Hierba de la Bruja (terrestrial long lived annual or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas below 7,000 feet elevation)
Xanthium strumarium C. Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) J. Torrey & A. Gray (Xanthium saccharatum C.F. Wallroth): Abrojo, Cadillos, Canada Coclebur, Clotbur, Cocklebur, Common Cocklebur, Rough Cocklebur (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from roadsides, washes, floodplains, streambeds and adjacent to wetlands 100 to 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Zinnia acerosa (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray (Zinnia pumila A. Gray): Desert Zinnia, Spinyleaf Zinnia, White Zinnia, Wild Zinnia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and floodplains 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Boraginaceae: The Borage Family
Tiquilia canescens (A.P. de Condolle) A. Richardson var. canescens (Coldenia canescens A.P. de Condolle): Crinkle Mats, Gray Coldenia, Hierba de la Virgin, Oreja de Perro, Shrubby Coldenia, Woody Crinklemat (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats and dirt roads below 3,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): The Mustard Family
Lesquerella gordonii (A. Gray) S. Watson: Arizona Bladderpod Mustard, Beanpod, Bladderpod Mustard, Gordon’s Bladderpod, Yellow Bladderpod (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, rocky and gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains below 5,000 feet elevation)
Cactaceae: The Cactus Family
Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Cereus giganteus G. Engelmann): Giant Cactus, Saguaro, Sahuaro (terrestrial perennial succulent tree (to 50 feet high or more); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridges and foothills, rocky hill sides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos below 5,100 feet elevation; white-wing doves as well as other birds and animals feed on the saguaro seeds during fruiting season; Gila Woodpeckers and Gilded Flickers make holes in this plant for their nests which are later utilized by Elf Owls; useful as an ornamental)
Coryphantha scheeri (F. Müehlenpfordt) L. Benson var. robustispina (H.W. Schott) L. Benson (Mammillaria robustispina H.W. Schott ex G. Engelmann): Longtubercle Beehive Cactus, Devil’s Pincushion, Pima Pineapple Cactus, Scheer’s Strong-spined Cory Cactus, Stout-needled Cory Cactus, Stout-needled Mulee Pineapple (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, ridges, bajadas, slopes and flats. PERIPHERAL POPULATION)
Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) N.P. Taylor (Echinocereus fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) L. Benson, Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rümpler var. robustus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson, Mammillaria fasciculata G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson): Bundle Hedgehog Cactus, Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus, Robust Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes 2,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Escobaria vivipara (T. Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. bisbeeana (C.R. Orcutt) D.R. Hunt (Coryphantha vivipara (T. Nuttall) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. bisbeeana (C.R. Orcutt) L. Benson): Beehive Cactus, Bisbee Beehive Cactus, Bisbee Spinystar, Cushion Cactus, Spinystar, Spiny Star Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 1 foot high); within range reported from mountains, hills, slopes, plains and flats 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes and arroyos below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose forma cristata): Bisnaga, Biznaga, Candy Barrelcactus - Crested Form, Crested Fishhook Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation)
Mammillaria grahamii G. Engelmann var. grahamii (Mammillaria microcarpa G. Engelmann): Arizona Fishhook Cabeza de Viejo Cekida, Cactus, Biznaguita, Fishhook Cactus, Graham Fishhook, Graham’s Nipple Cactus, Graham Pincushion Cactus, Lizard Catcher (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 6 inches high); within range reported from rocky slopes, rock outcrops, rocky hillsides, boulder crevices, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, and along washes, gullies and arroyos 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia fulgida G. Engelmann var. fulgida: Chain Cholla, Chain-fruit Cholla, Cholla, Cholla Brincadora, Choya, Jumping Cholla, Sonora Jumping Cholla, Velas de Ccoyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 15 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia fulgida G. Engelmann var. mammillata (H.W. Schott ex G. Engelmann) T. Coulter: Cholla Brincadora, Cholla, Jumping Cholla, Smooth Chain-fruit Cholla, Velas de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 15 feet high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle: Agujilla, Christmas Cactus, Christmas Cholla, Darning Needle Cactus, Desert Christmas Cactus, Desert Christmas Cholla, Holycross Cholla, Pipestem Cactus, Rattail Cactus, Tajasilla, Tasajillo, Tesajo (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and bottomlands and floodplains 200 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia macrocentra G. Engelmann var. macrocentra (Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. macrocentra (G. Engelmann) L. Benson; Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. violacea): Black-spined Pricklypear, Duranzilla, Long-spined Pricklypear, Purple Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 2 feet high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, slopes, flats, valleys and along washes 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. major G. Engelmann: Abrojo, Joconostle, Major Pricklypear, Mojave Pricklypear, Nopal, Sprawling Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote, Yellow Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, flats and valleys in sandy, gravelly or rocky soils 1,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey: Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mountainsides, canyons, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and floodplains 1,000 to 5,000+ feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia tetracantha J.W. Toumey (Opuntia kleiniae A.P. de Candolle var. tetracantha (J.W. Toumey) W.T. Marshall): Candle Cholla, Four-spined Cholla, Klein Pencil Cholla, Pencil Joint Cholla, Tucson Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 7 fee high); within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes 2,000 to 3,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia versicolor G. Engelmann ex T. Coulter: Deer Horn Cactus, Deer Horn Cholla, Staghorn Cholla, Tree Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 15 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, varied flower colors between plants and the cascading sometimes purplish to reddish colored branches with pendulous bright yellow fruits make this an attractive plant)
Peniocereus greggii (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. transmontanus (G. Engelmann) Backeberg: Arizona Queen of the Night, Chaparral Cactus, Deerhorn Cactus, Desert Night-blooming Cereus, Desert Threadcereus, Nightblooming Cereus, Queen of the Night, Reina de la noche (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 8 feet high); within range reported from bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 3,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, plant under desert shrubs such as the Creosote Bush, Foothill Paloverde and Velvet Mesquite for support and protection, the large (2-3 inch) flowers are very fragrant)
Sclerocactus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.P. Taylor (Echinomastus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. acunensis (W.T. Marshall) L. Benson, Neolloydia erectocentra (T. Coulter) L. Benson var. acunensis (W.T. Marshall) L. Benson): Acuna Cactus, Bisnagitas, Redspine Fishhook Cactus, Red-spined Pineapple Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 6 inches high); within range reported from ridges and bajadas 1,200 to 2,300 feet elevation), Echinomastus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. erectocentrus, Neolloydia erectocentra (T. Coulter) L. Benson var. erectocentra: Bisnagitas, Needle-spined Pineapple Cactus, Redspine Fishhook Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, slopes and flats 1,000 to 4,500 feet elevation. PERIPHERAL POPULATION)
Chenopodiaceae: The Goosefoot Family
Atriplex canescens (F.T. Pursh) T. Nuttall: Cenizo, Chamiso, Chamiso Cenizo, Chamiza, Costilla de Vaca, Four-wing Saltbush, Narrow-leaf Saltbush, Narrowleaf Wingscale, Thinleaf Fourwing Saltbush, Grey Sage Brush, Orache, Saladillo, Wngscale (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 6 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly and sandy flats and along washes below 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental and in controlling erosion)
Salsola tragus C. Linnaeus (Salsola iberica Sennen & C. Pau, Salsola kali C. Linnaeus var. tenuifolia (H. Tausch) P. Aellen, Salsola kali C. Linnaeus subsp. tragus (C. Linnaeus) P. Aellen): Cardo Ruso, Chamiso, Chamiso Valador, Coast Saltwort, Common Russian Thistle, Prickly Russian Thistle, Russian Thistle, Tumbleweed, Tumbling Thistle, Volador, Wind Witch (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 150 to 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Cucurbitaceae: The Cucumber Family
Apodanthera undulata A. Gray: Melon Loco (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and washes 1,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Cucurbita digitata A. Gray: Calabachilla, Chichi Coyota, Coyote Gourd, Coyote Melon, Fingerleaf Gourd (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from plains, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides, washes and floodplains below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Cupressaceae: The
Juniperus monosperma (G. Engelmann) C.S. Sargent: Cherrystone, Oneseed Juniper, Redberry Juniper, Sabina, (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (to 25 feet high); within range reported from mountains, plateaus, foothills, hills and flats 3,000 to 5,000+ feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ephedraceae: The Mormon-tea Family
Ephedra trifurca J. Torrey ex S. Watson: Canatilla, Canitilla, Desert Ephedra, Desert Joint-fir, Itama Real, Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Joint-fir, Mexican Tea, Mormon Tea, Popotilla, Popotillo, Tepopote, Teposote (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 15 feet high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, flats, sand hills, dunes, and along sandy washes below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family
Acacia constricta G. Bentham: Chaparro Prieto, Common Whitethorn, Garabato, Gigantillo, Huisache, Largoncillo, Mescat Acacia, Vara Prieta, Vinorama, Whitethorn Acacia, White Thorn (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, floodplains and along washes and arroyos 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, the flowers are fragrant)
Acacia greggii A. Gray var. greggii (Acacia greggii A. Gray, Acacia greggii A. Gray var. arizonica P.T. Isley): Algarroba, Catclaw, Catclaw Acacia, Devil’s Claw, Gatuno, Gregg Catclaw, Tear Blanket, Tepame, Tesota, Una de Gato (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 23 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, floodplains and along sandy washes and streams below 4,500 feet elevation: useful as an ornamental)
Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham var. eriophylla: Cabelleto de Angel, Cabeza Angel, Fairyduster, False Mesquite, False Mesquite Calliandra, Guajillo, Hairy-leaved Calliandra, Huajillo, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by wildlife.)
Parkinsonia florida (G. Bentham ex A. Gray) S. Watson (Cercidium floridum G. Bentham): Blue Paloverde, Paloverde (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 30 feet high); within range reported from canyons, hills, bajadas, slopes, flats, roadsides, floodplains and along sandy washes below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental with a very showy display of yellow flowers in the spring; twigs and seed pods are browsed by wildlife, seeds are eaten by birds and rodents; useful in controlling erosion)
Parkinsonia microphylla J. Torrey (Cercidium microphyllum (J. Torrey) J.N. Rose & I.M. Johnston): Dipua, Foothill Paloverde, Hillside Paloverde, Horsebean, Little Horsebean, Little Leaf Horsebean, Little Leaf Paloverde, Paloverde, Yellow Paloverde (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 25 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Prosopis velutina E.O. Wooton (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Condolle var. velutina (E.O. Wooton) C.S. Sargent): Algarroba, Chachaca, Mesquite, Mezquite, Velvet Mesquite (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and floodplains below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife)
Senna covesii (A. Gray) J.B. Irwin & R.C. Barneby (Cassia covesii A. Gray): Coves’ Cassia, Cove Senna, Dais, Daisillo, Desert Senna, Hojasen, Rosemaria, Rattlebox, Rattleweed (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Fouquieriaceae: The Ocotillo Family
Fouquieria splendens G. Engelmann: Albarda, Barda, Candle Bush, Candle Wood, Coach Whip, Flamingsword, Jacob’s Staff, Monkey-tail, Ocotillo, Ocotillo del Corral, Slimwood, Vine Cactus (terrestrial perennial shrub (7 to 33 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; a preferred food plant of Costa’s Hummingbird)
Krameriaceae: The Ratany Family
Krameria erecta C.L. von Wildenow (Krameria parviflora G. Bentham): Chacate, Coashui, Littleleaf Ratany, Pima Ratany, Purple Heather, Range Ratany, Small-flower Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 5,000 feet)
Loasaceae: Blazingstar Family
Mentzelia pumila T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray var. pumila: Blazing Star, Bullet Stickleaf, Desert Blazingstar, Dwarf Mentzelia, Evening Star, Golden Blazingstar, Moonflower, Yellow Mentzelia (terrestrial biennial herb; within range reported from flats, roadsides and along washes and streambeds below 8,000 feet elevation)
Malvaceae: The Mallow Family
Abutilon incanum (J.H. Link) R. Sweet: Hoary Abutilon, Hoary Indian Mallow, Indian Mallow, Pelotazo, Pelotazo Chico, Tronadora (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 6 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)
Gossypium thurberi A. Todaro: Algodoncillo, Desert Cotton, Thurber’s Cotton, Thurberia, Wild Cotton, Wild Desert Cotton (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (3 to 12 feet high); within range reported from canyons, gravelly and rocky slopes and along washes, streambeds and ditches 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Hibiscus denudatus G. Bentham: Naked Hibiscus, Paleface, Pale Face Mallow, Paleface Rosemallow, Rock Hibiscus (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and washes below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Sphaeralcea sp.: Globemallow
Nyctaginaceae: The Four-o’clock Family
Allionia incarnata C. Linnaeus: Guapile, Herba de la Hormiga, Pink Three-flower, Trailing Allionia, Trailing Four O’Clock, Trailing Windmills, Umbrella Wort, Windmills (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed sites below 6,000 feet elevation)
Oleaceae: The Olive Family
Menodora scabra A. Gray (Menodora scoparia G. Engelmann ex A. Gray): Rough Desert Olive, Rough Menodora, Yellow Menodora, Twinberry, Twinfruit (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats 1,500 to 7,500 feet; useful as an ornamental)
Papaveraceae: The Poppy Family
Argemone pleiacantha E.L. Greene: Bluestem Pricklepoppy, Chicolote,
Cowboys’ Fried Eggs,
Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family
Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall: Perennial Three-awn, Purple Needle-grass, Purple Threeawn, Tres Barbas Purpurea (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)
Aristida ternipes A.J. Cavanilles: Spidergrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, plateaus, rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, gravelly and sandy bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation)
Bothriochloa barbinodis (M. Lagasca y Segura) W.G. Herter (Andropogon barbinodis M. Lagasca y Segura): Algodonero, Bristlejoint Bluestem, Cane Beard Grass, Cane Bluestem, Perforated Bluestem, Pinhole Beardgrass, Pinhole Bluestem, Popotillo, Zacate Popotillo (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bouteloua aristidoides (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.H. Grisebach: Aceitilla, Navajita, Needle Grama, Six-weeks Needle Grama, Zacate Saitillo (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes and streambeds below 5,500 feet elevation)
Cynodon dactylon (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon: Bermudagrass, Devil Grass, European Bermuda Grass, Pata de Gallo, Zacate Bermuda, Zacate Ingles (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, roadsides, seeps, moist soil along washes, streambeds, cienegas and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Dasyochloa pulchella (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.L. von Wildenow x P.A. Rydberg (Erioneuron pulchellum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Tateoka, Tridens pulchellus (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock): Desert Fluffgrass, Fluffgrass, Low Woollygrass, Zacate Borreguero (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, rocky hills, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats below 5,500 feet elevation)
Digitaria californica (G. Bentham) J.S. Henrickson (Trichachne californica (G. Bentham) M.A. Chase): Arizona Cottontop, California Cottontop, Cotton-top, Zacate Punta Blanca (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes and gravelly flats 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Eragrostis lehmanniana C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Lehmann Lovegrass, Zacate Africano, Zacate de Amor (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Muhlenbergia porteri F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal: Bush-grass, Bush Muhly, Mesquitegrass, Zacate Aparejo (terrestrial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Pennisetum ciliare (C. Linnaeus) J.H. Link: African Foxtail, Anjangrass, Buffelgrass, Bufle, Zacate Buffle (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Schismus barbatus (P. Loefling ex C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung: Common Mediterranean Grass, Mediterraneangrass, Zacate Mediterrane Comun (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from bajadas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and washes 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Setaria vulpiseta (J.B. de Lamarck) J.J. Roemer & J.A. Shultes (Setaria macrostachya K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth): Assaak, Plains Bristlegrass, Xikkaa Kiix, Zacate Tempranero, Zacate Temprano (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds 2,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchcock: Spike Dropseed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bluffs, rocky slopes, sand hills, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides, along washes and floodplains 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ranunculaceae: The Buttercup Family
Clematis drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray: Barbas de Chivato, Drummond’s Clematis, Old Man’s Beard, Texas-virgin Bower, Texas Virgin’s Bower, Virgin’s Bower (terrestrial perennial vine, subshrub or woody climber; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, open ground and along washes and streams below 4,000 feet elevation)
Rhamnaceae: The Buckthorn Family
Condalia warnockii M.C. Johnston var. kearneyana M.C. Johnston: Crucillo, Guichutilla, Kearney Condalia, Kearney’s Snakewood, Mexican Crucillo, Squawbush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ziziphus obtusifolia (W.J. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) A. Weberbauer var. canescens (A. Gray) W. Trelease): Abrojo, Bachata, Barbachatas, Clepe, Garrapata, Garumbullo, Gray-leaved Abrojo, Gray-thorn, Greythorn, Gumdrop Tree, Lotebush, Palo Blanco, Southwestern Condalia, White Crucillo (terrestrial perennial shrub or small tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds and bottomlands 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Salicaceae: The
Salix gooddingii J. Ball: Dudley Willow, Goodding Black Willow, Goodding’s Willow, Western Black Willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from wet soils along streams and washes, cienegas and lakeshores below 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers)
Solanaceae: The Potato Family
Datura wrightii E.A. Regel (Datura metaloides auct. non M.F. Dunal): Giant Jimson, Indian Apple, Jimson Weed, Moon Lily, Sacred Datura, Sacred Thorn-apple, Thornapple, Tolache, Tolguacha, Western Jimson (terrestrial annual or perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, plains, roadsides, arroyos, along ditches and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation. Poisonous)
Lycium sp.: Desert-thorn, Lycium, Thornbush, Wolfberry
Lycium berlandieri M.F. Dunal: Berlandier Lycium, Berlandier’s Wolfberry, Terrac Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 8 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, rocky foothills, bajadas, gravelly flats and alluvial plains 2,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Solanum elaeagnifolium A.J. Cavanilles: Bull Nettle, Desert Nightshade, Silver Horsenettle, Silverleaf Nightshade, Trompillo, White Horsenettle (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from plains, flats, roadsides, cienegas and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Ulmaceae: The Elm Family
Celtis pallida J. Torrey: Acebuche, Bainoro, Capul, Desert Hackberry, Garabato, Garambullo, Granjeno, Huasteco, Palo de Aguila, Rompecapa, Shiny Hackberry, Spiny Hackberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (3 to 18 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, flats, along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; this plant provides excellent cover for many birds, and the fruit are eaten by many birds and small desert mammals; useful as an ornamental)
Viscaceae: The Christmas Mistletoe Family
(Loranthaceae: The Mistletoe Family)
Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall (Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall var. distans W. Trelease): American Mistletoe, Desert Mistletoe, Mesquite Mistletoe, Toji, Western Dwarf Mistletoe (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; partial parasite observed growing on Velvet Mesquite, commonly found on Acacia spp., Condalia spp., Larrea spp., Olneya spp., Parkinsonia spp., Prosopis spp., and Ziziphus spp. below 4,000 feet elevation; Phainopeplas feed on the berries and disperse the seeds to other host plants; Verdins nest in the stems; the fragrant flowers attract insects)
Zygophyllaceae: The Creosote-bush Family
Kallstroemia grandiflora J. Torrey ex A Gray: Arizona Caltrop, Arizona Poppy, Arizona Summer Poppy, Baiborin, Desert Poppy, Mexican Poppy, Orange Caltrop, Summer Poppy (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides and washes below 5,000 feet elevation)
Larrea tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Condolle) F.V. Coville var. tridentata (Larrea divaricata A.J. Cavanilles subsp. tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Condolle) R.S. Felger & R.T. Lowe, Larrea tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Condolle) F.V. Coville): Chaparral, Creosote Bush, Greasewood, Gobernadora, Guamis, Hediondilla (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, plains and gravelly flats below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, characteristic plant of the southwestern deserts with its distribution very closely delineating the desert regions)
ANIMALS
BIRDS
Accipitridae: Eagles, Hawks, Kites and Allies
Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte): Cooper’s Hawk, Galvilan Palomero (Hispanic), Galvilan Pollero (Hispanic) (feeds on small birds and mammals; nest is a platform of sticks located in trees)
Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin): Buzzard, Buzzard Hawk, Chicken Hawk, Eastern Redtail, Gavilan Cola Roja (Hispanic), Hen Hawk, Mouse Hawk, Redtail, Red-tailed Buzzard, Red-tailed Hawk, Western Redtail (feeds on rodents and lizards; nest is a platform of sticks located on cliffs and in saguaros and trees)
Apodidae: Swifts
Aeronautes saxatalis (Woodhouse): White-throated Swift, Vencejo Montanes (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nest is a bracket made of saliva cemented twigs located in caves and crevices in mountain and sea cliffs)
Ardeidae: Bitterns, Egrets and Herons
Ardea herodias Linnaeus: Garza (Hispanic), Garza Ceniza (Hispanic), Great Blue Heron (feeds on crayfish, fish, frogs, insects, mice, mollusks and spiders; nest is a platform made up of sticks located on cliffs, islets, rocky islands, swamps and trees)
Butorides virescens (Linnaeus) (Butorides striatus): Garza Espalda Verde (Hispanic), Green-backed Heron, Green Heron, Little Heron, Striated Heron (feeds on crayfish, fish, frogs, insects, mice, mollusks and spiders; nest is a flimsy platform made up of sticks located in grass clumps, shrubs, thickets and trees)
Cardinalidae: Buntings, Cardinals and Grosbeaks
Cardinalis cardinalis (Linneaus) (Richmondena cardinalis (Linneaus)): Cardenal (Hispanic), Cardenal Rojo (Hispanic), Northern Cardinal, Sipuk (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups of shredded bark and twigs located in a low shrubs or thickets)
Cardinalis sinuatus (Bonaparte) (Pyrrhuloxia sinuata (Bonaparte)): Bichpod (Tohono O’odham), Cardenal Gris, Cardinal Torito (Hispanic), Pyrrhuloxia (feeds on small fruit, insects and seeds nests are neat cups located in thorny bushes)
Passerina caerulea (Linnaeus) (Guiraca caerulea (Linnaeus)): Blue Grosbeak, Pico Gordo Azul (Hispanic) (feeds on small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of grasses, rootlets and snakeskin located in a bushes or low trees)
Passerina cyanea (Linneaus): Indigo Bunting (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are woven cups made of grass and weeds located in the crotch of bushes)
Passerina versicolor (Bonaparte): Varied Bunting (feeds on insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grass located in shrubs)
Cathartidae:
Cathartes aura (Linnaeus): Nuwi (Tohono O’odham), Turkey Vulture, Zopilote (Hispanic) (feeds on carrion; no nests, eggs are laid in crevices in rocks, on the ground in thickets and tree hollow)
Charadriidae: Lapwings and Plovers
Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus: Chiwi-Chuhch (Tohono O’odham), Killdeer, Tildio (Hispanic) (feeds on marine invertebrate and worms; eggs are laid in a scrape on bare ground in fields, pastures and shores)
Columbidae: Doves and Pigeons
Columbina inca (Lesson) (Scardafella
inca (Lesson)): Gugu (Tohono O’odham), Inca
Dove,
Zenaida asiatica (Linnaeus): Mexican Dove, Okokoi (Tohono O’odham),
Paloma ala Blancha (Hispanic), Paloma de alas
Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus) (Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus)): Hohhi (Tohono O’odham), Huilota (Hispanic), Paloma Triste (Hispanic), Mourning Dove, Turtle Dove, Wild Dove (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose twig platforms located in cacti, shrubs trees and on the ground)
Corvidae: Crows, Jays, Magpies and Ravens
Aphelocoma californica (Bosc) (Aphelocoma coerulescens subsp. californica Schmitt): California Jay, Pajaro Azul (Hispanic), Santa Cruz Jay, Scrub Jay, Western Scrub-jay (feeds on acorns, berries, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are bowls made of grass, rootlets and twigs located in shrubs and trees; through the burying of acorns they play an important role in the regeneration of oak woodlands lost to drought and fire)
Corvus corax Linnaeus: American Raven, Common Raven, Hawani (Tohono O’odham), Cuervo Comun (Hispanic), Cuervo Grande (Hispanic) (feeds on small animals and birds, berries, carrion, insects and seeds; nests are made of bones, sticks and wool located on cliffs, saguaros and trees)
Cyanocitta stelleri (Gmelin): Azulejo Copeton (Hispanic), Steller’s Jay (feeds on acorns, berries, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are bowls made of pine needles and twigs and lined with feathers, fibers, moss or rootlets located in conifers)
Cuculidae: Anis, Cuckoos and Roadrunners
Geococcyx californianus (Lesson): Correcaminos Norteno (Hispanic), Greater Roadrunner, Paisano (Hispanic), Tadai (feeds on the young of ground nesting birds, insects, lizards, scorpions and snakes; nests are course shallow cups of sticks located in cacti, mesquite trees and shrubs)
Emberizidae: Emberizids
Aimophila cassinii (Woodhouse): Cassin’s Sparrow, Gorrion Cassin (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are deep grass cups located on the ground and at the bases of bushes and cacti)
Amphispiza bilineata (Cassin): Ba’ I-Chukulim (Tohono O’odham), Black-throated Sparrow, Desert Sparrow, Gorrion Garganta Negra (Hispanic), Zacatonaro Garganta Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose grassy cups located in cacti and shrubs)
Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger: Lark Bunting (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups of grass and plant down located in tussocks of grass on the ground and in scrapes)
Passerella iliaca (Merrem): Ferruginous Finch, Fox-colored Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Fox-tail, Foxy Finch and Gorrion de la Zorra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are grassy cups lined with feathers located low in bushes or on the ground)
Pipilo aberti Baird: Abert’s Towhee, Toqui de Abert (Hispanic) (feeds on buds, berries, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are grass cups located close to the ground in bushes and trees)
Pipilo chlorurus (Audubon) (Chlorura chlorura (Audubon)): Green-tailed Towhee, Toqui Cola Verde (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are made of shredded bark and grasses located under brush and on the ground)
Pipilo fuscus Swainson: Bichput (Tohono O’odham), Brown Towhee, Canyon Towhee, Hichput; Toqui Pinto (Hispanic), Vieja (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are large deep cups of grasses and rootlets located in bushes and low trees)
Pooecetes gramineus (Gmelin): Vesper Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects, seeds and small fruit; nests are grass lined cups located on the ground in grass and low vegetation)
Spizella passerina (Bechstein): Chipping Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made up of grasses and rootlets and lined with hairs located in bushes, trees and vines)
Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin): Gorrion Garganta Blanca (Hispanic), White-throated Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made up of bark fiber, grasses, hairs, mosses and rootlets located under bushes)
Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster): Gambel’s Sparrow, Gorrion Copete Blanco (Hispanic), Gorrion Corona Blanca (Hispanic), Intermediate Sparrow, Nuttall’s Sparrow, Tomtol (Tohono O’odham), White-crown, White-crowned Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are grass cups located in bushes or on the ground)
Aimophila ruficeps (Cassin): Rufous-crowned Sparrow, Yuma Rufous-crowned Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruits and insects; nests are cups lined with grass and plant fibers located on or near the ground)
Fringillidae: Cardueline and Fringilline Finches
Carduelis lawrencei (Cassin) (Spinus lawrencei (Cassin)): Lawrence’s Goldfinch (feeds on berries, buds, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are small, neat, tightly woven cups located in bushes and small trees)
Carduelis psaltria (Say) (Spinus
psaltria (Say)): Arkansas Goldfinch,
Carduelis tristis (Linnaeus) (Spinus tristis (Linnaeus)): American Goldfinch, Common Goldfinch, Pale Goldfinch (feeds on berries, buds, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are compact, felted cups made of bark shreds, grass and plant down located in the branch forks of bushes and trees)
Carpodacus mexicanus (Miller): House Finch, “Linnet”, Pinzon Mexicano (Hispanic) (feeds on buds, berries, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are tightly woven, compact cups made of grasses located in bushes, cacti, trees and vines)
Hirundinidae: Martins and Swallows
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot): Cliff Swallow, Golondrina Risquera (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are gourd-shaped mud jugs lined with feathers and grasses located on cliff faces)
Icteridae: Blackbirds, Orioles and Allies
Euphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler): Brewer’s Blackbird, Tordo Brewer (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects, seeds, small aquatic life; nests are bulky grass-lined cups made up of grasses and twigs, plastered with mud located on the ground or in low shrubs or trees)
Icterus parisorum (Bonaparte): Calandria Matraquera (Hispanic), Scott’s Oriole (feeds on fruits, insects and nectar; nests are hanging pouches made of grasses and leaves located in dried yucca fronds and small trees)
Molothrus ater (Boddaert): Brown-headed Cowbird, Common Cowbird, Tordo (Hispanic), Tordo Copete Café (Hispanic) (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; parasitic, eggs are laid in the nests or other birds)
Laniidae: Shrikes
Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus: “Butcher Bird”, Loggerhead Shrike, Verdugo (Hispanic) (feeds on small birds, insects, lizards and small mammals; nests are made of feathers, rootlets and twigs located in bushes and trees)
Mimidae: Catbirds, Mockingbirds and Thrashers
Mimus polyglottos (Linnaeus): Cenzontle (Hispanic), Cenzontle Norteno (Hispanic), Mockingbird, Northern Mockingbird, Shug (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests bulky cups made of rootlets and twigs located near ground in thickets and dense trees)
Toxostoma crissale (Henry) (Toxostoma
dorsale Henry): Crissal Thrasher,
Cuitlacoche Cristal (Hispanic) (feeds on
berries, fruits and insects; nests are cups made of twigs located in desert
shrubs and mesquites)
Toxostoma curvirostre (Swainson): Palmer’s Thrasher, Cuitlacoche Comun (Hispanic), Cuitlacoche Pico Curvo (Hispanic), Curve-billed Thrasher, Kudwik (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests are cups made of twigs located in chollas and shrubs)
Odontiphoridae: Quail
Callipepla gambelii (Gambel) (Lophortyx gambelii Gambel): Arizona Quail, Cordoniz de Gambel (Hispanic), Codorniz (Gambel) Chiquiri (Hispanic), Desert Quail, Gambel’s Quail, Kikaichu (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, buds, insects and seeds; eggs are laid in a ground scrape or grass lined nests located on the ground under prickly-pear cacti)
Paridae: Chickadees and Titmice
Baeolophus wollweberi (Bonaparte): Bridled Titmouse, Copetoncito Mascarita (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, insects and seeds; nests are located in holes in trees)
Parulidae: Wood Warblers
Dendroica coronata (Linnaeus): Audubon Warbler, Myrtle Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Verdin Cola Amarilla (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped and made of shredded bark, feathers and twigs located in trees)
Dendroica petechia (Linnaeus): Yellow Warbler, Verdin Amarillo (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are felted cups of plant fibers located in the forks of shrubs and trees)
Icteria virens (Linnaeus): Yellow-breasted Chat (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped made up of grasses and leaves located in briars, bushes and thickets)
Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend): MacGillivray’s Warbler, Verdin MacGillivray (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped and made of grasses located in briars, low brush and weeds)
Vermivora luciae (Cooper): Lucy’s Warbler, Verdin Lucy (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cup-shaped and located in trees, under loose bark or in a hole)
Wilsonia pusilla (
Picidae: Woodpeckers and Wrynecks
Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus) (Colaptes cafer (Gmelin)): Carpintero Norteno (Hispanic), Common Flicker, Northern Flicker, Red-shafted Flicker, Yellow-shafted Flicker (feeds on ants and other insects, berries and fruit; nests are made in hollowed out holes in posts, saguaros, stumps and trees)
Melanerpes uropygialis (Baird) (Centurus uropygialus Baird): Carpintero del Desierto (Hispanic), Carpintero Gila (Hispanic), Gila Woodpecker, Hikiwigi (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, fruit, honey and wood boring insects; nests are made in hollowed out holes in saguaros and trees)
Picoides scalaris (Wagler) (Dendrocopus scalaris (Wagler)): Cactus Woodpecker, Carpintero Listado (Hispanic), Chehegam (Tohono O’odham), Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Pajaro Carpintero (Hispanic) (feeds on wood boring insects and fruit; nests are made in hollowed out holes in agaves, cacti, posts and yuccas)
Sphyrapicus nuchalis (Baird) (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)): Carpintero Rojo (Hispanic), Red-naped Sapsucker (feeds on wood boring insects and sap; nests are made in hollowed out holes in trees)
Ptilogonatidae: Silky Flycatchers
Phainopepla nitens (Swainson): Capulinero (Hispanic), Capulinero Negro (Hispanic), Phainopepla (feeds on berries; insects and mistletoe; nests are shallow cups on the forks of limbs of trees)
Regulidae: Kinglets
Regulus calendula (Linnaeus): Reyezuelo Copete Rubio (Hispanic), Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Reyzuelo (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are spherical and made up of lichens and moss located under the tips of branches in conifer trees)
Remizidae: Verdins
Auriparus flaviceps (Sundevall): Baloncillo (Hispanic), Gisop (Tohono O’odham), Verdin (feeds on berries, insects, insect eggs, insect larvae and seeds; nests are spheres of thorny twigs located in chollas, shrubs, trees and the stems of the Desert Mistletoe)
Sittidae: Nuthatches
Sitta carolinensis (Latham): White-breasted Nuthatch (feeds on berries, fruits, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are located in cavities and holes in trees that are lined with bark chips and fur)
Strigidae: Typical Owls
Bubo virginianus (Gmelin): Buho (Hispanic), Great Horned Owl, Tecolote Cornudo (Hispanic), Tecolote Cuernudo (Hispanic) (feeds on birds and small mammals; nests are made out of the deserted nests of other birds located in crevices, potholes, trees, on bluffs, cliffs and on the ground)
Sylviidae:
Gnatcatchers and
Polioptila melanura (Lawrence): Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, Perlita del Desierto (Hispanic), Plumbeous Gnatcatcher, Pisita Cola Negra (Hispanic), Schuk Mookam Gisop (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on insects; nests are felted cups in forks of low shrubs)
Thraupidae: Tanagers
Piranga ludoviciana (
Piranga rubra (Linnaeus): Cooper’s Tanager, Piranga Avispera (Hispanic), Summer Tanager (feeds on berries, insects and small fruit; nests are shallow cups made of shredded bark and grasses located on tree branches)
Trochilidae: Hummingbirds
Calypte anna (Lesson): Anna’s Hummingbird, Chuparosa Anna (Hispanic), Colibri Cabeza Roja