June 6, 2006 Update

September 17, 2006

A Supplement to the Listing for

TOWNSHIP 14 SOUTH, RANGE 13 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA

Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian

This photograph was taken looking southeast toward Tumamoc Hill. WTK June 2006

VEGETATION GROUPS OF THE DESERT LABORATORY DOMAIN

This listing has been developed using the original list of individual species as they appeared under the headings and in the order presented by J.J. Thornber, A.M., Professor of Botany in the Arizona Experiment Station, 1909, in the Vegetation Groups of the Desert Laboratory Domain in Volney M. Spalding’s, 1909, The Distribution and Movements of Desert Plants, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 113: Pages 103-112. The indented text includes the species description developed for use in the Species Distribution Listing for Township Listing for Township 14 South, Range 13 East, Pima County, Arizona. The area described by J.J. Thornber includes portions of Sections 9, 10, 11, 14, 15 and 16. Portions of Tumamoc Hill are located in Sections 10 and 15. The Santa Cruz River flowed from south to north through Sections 11 and 14.

Major Contributors and Sources of Information:

Dr. Charles Mason, Phil Jenkins and Becky Van Devender at the University of Arizona Herbarium assisted with the updating of the nomenclature, and along with the notes of Janice E. Bowers greatly simplified the preparation of this listing. Tony Burgess provided the copy of the Vegetation Groups of the Desert Laboratory that made this listing possible.

Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.

Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized into the surrounding native environment.

Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.

Appreciation is expressed to the officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Pima County and local government offices for the protection provided to our native animals and plants.

Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.

DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.

CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted. Range plants having a known toxic or poisonous property may be so noted. Major and secondary poisonous range plants as reported by Schmutz, Freeman and Reed 1968 (*80*) are noted “... has/have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968)” in red lettering). Footnotes (*00*) for plants whose sources may have cautionary statements, comments and information on rarely poisonous or suspected poisonous range plants may also be shown in red. Many poisonous plants are similar in appearance to edible ones. No field collected plant should be eaten unless you know for a fact that it is safe for you to do so.

CONTENTS

Vegetation Groups of the Desert Laboratory Domain

I. Tumamoc Hill

Trees

Shrubs

Woody Climbers

Dwarf Shrubs

Half-Shrubs

Perennial Herbs

Biennial Herbs

Annual Herbs

Winter Annuals

Summer Annuals

II. Mesa-like Mountain Slopes

Trees

Shrubs

Dwarf Shrubs

Half-Shrubs

Perennial Herbs

Biennial Herbs

Annual Herbs

Ling-Lived Annuals

Winter Annuals

Summer Annuals

III. Santa Cruz River Flood-Plain

Trees

Shrubs

Woody Climbers

Half-Shrubs

Perennial Herbs

Biennial Herbs

Annual Herbs

Long-lived Annuals

Winter Annuals

Summer Annuals

IV. Santa Cruz River and Irrigation Ditches

Perennial Herbs

Algae

Miscellaneous Introduced Species

Shrubs

Half-Shrubs

Perennial Herbs

Annual Herbs

Long-Lived Annuals

Winter Annuals

The Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington by Forest Shreve

Acknowledgements

Listing Footnotes and References

Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic

Map Showing the Approximated Boundary of the Listing Area

The listing area is roughly bounded by St. Mary’s Road on the north, Starr Pass Boulevard on the

south, Santa Cruz River on the east and Greasewood Road on the west. Study areas were created to observe

the changes that take place in vegetation over long periods of time. These study areas were

mapped in 1906, showing the location of every perennial plant.

The following is an abridgment of

Publication No. 113, Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1909

VEGETATION GROUPS OF THE DESERT LABORATORY DOMAIN

Prepared by request and Contributed by J. J. Thornber, A. M.,

Professor of Botany in the Arizona Experiment Station

The following list includes as nearly as possible the plants growing on Tumamoc Hill, the fenced area of the mesa-like mountain slopes lying to the west, and the Santa Cruz flood-plain between Tumamoc Hill and the Santa Cruz River on the east, together with the hydrophytic species growing in the Santa Cruz River and adjacent irrigation ditches. For convenience the areas noted above have been designated as follows: (I) Tumamoc Hill; (II) Mesa-like mountain slopes; (III) Santa Cruz flood-plain; (IV) Santa Cruz River and irrigation ditches.

The species of each of the above areas have been arranged alphabetically under the following vegetation forms: (1) trees, (2) shrubs; (3) woody climbers; (4) dwarf shrubs; (5) half-shrubs; (6) perennial herbs; (7) biennial herbs; (8) annual herbs including (a) long-lived annuals; (b) winter annuals; (c) summer annuals. The occurrence of a species in any quantity in an area other than the one of which it is characteristic is shown by a Roman numeral indicating the area over which its secondary distributions obtains. Besides the four groups of plants corresponding to the four areas above noted it is thought desirable to include a fifth composed of miscellaneous introduced species which have become established here by virtue of certain inherent qualities or characters. These exotic species are limited almost wholly to area III, though a few occur in I and II.

TABLE II - Showing the Various Species from Standpoints of Habitat and Vegetation Form

Tumamoc Mesa-like Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Introduced Total

Hill Mt. Slopes Flood Plain River & Irrig. Species

I. II. III. IV.

Vegetation

Form

Trees 2 2 11 - - 15

Shrubs 16 10 10 - 3 39

Woody

Twiners 2 - 3 - - 5

Dwarf

Shrubs 13 4 - - - 17

Half

Shrubs 21 7 3 - 1 32

Perennial

Herbs 38 24 33 7 6 108

Biennial

Herbs 1 1 1 - - 3

Annual

Herbs:

Lng-lvd - 9 28 - 20 57

Winter 38 46 16 - 22 122

Summer 7 25 12 - - 44

Algae - - - 7 - 7

Total 138 128 117 14 52 449

The following brief summary will be interesting to the botanist from the standpoints of taxonomy, and phytogeography:

Number of plant families 68

Number of genera 269

Number of genera common to both hemispheres 126

Number of genera native to North and South America 58

Number of southwestern genera 39

Number of Introduced genera 22

Number of species 449

Number of southwestern species 264

The Santa Cruz River below Sentinel Peak. This picture was reportedly taken in 1904.

Photograph reproduced from the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Arizona Wildlife Views, May 1990, Page 9. This photograph was made courtesy of the Arizona Historical Society.

Listing Notes

* = Names preceded by an asterisk denote bulbous, tuberous, or fleshy-rooted plants as shown in the

Thornber listing.

# = Plants growing in alkaline situations as shown in the Thornber listing.

The roman numeral at the end of certain lines indicates an additional area on which the species thus marked occurs as shown in the Thornber listing.

The script beneath the individual species is the script used in the Species Distribution Listing for

Township 14 South, Range 13 East Pima County, Arizona.

I. Tumamoc Hill

TREES

Cereus giganteus Engelm.

= Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose

Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Cereus giganteus G. Engelmann) (5): Giant Cactus, Saguaro, Sahuaro (terrestrial perennial succulent tree (9 to 50 feet or more in height and 1 to 2½ feet in diameter) (6); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, canyon walls, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridges, foothills, rocky and gravelly hills, rocky hillsides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and rocky and gravelly soils, occurring from 600 to 5,100 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae), Curved-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma curvirostre), Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers. Coyotes (Canis latrans), Javelina (Peccari tajacu) and White-winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica) as well as other birds and animals feed on the saguaro fruit and seeds. Gila Woodpeckers (Melanerpes uropygialis) and Gilded Flickers (Colaptes chrysoides) make holes in this plant for their nests which are later utilized by Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens), Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), Elf Owls (Micrathene whitneyi), House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), Lucy’s Warbler (Vermivora luciae), Purple Martins (Progne subis), and Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus). Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), White-winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica) and other birds nest on the arms of the plant. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. One of the largest known saguaros, located in Saguaro National Monument was reported to be 52 feet in height, had 52 arms, weighed an estimated 10 tons and was thought to be 235 years of age. *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 18, 26, 27, 28, 38, 45, 46, 48, 52, 53, 58, 77, 86, 89, 91*

Parkinsonia microphylla Torr.

Parkinsonia microphylla J. Torrey (Cercidium microphyllum (J. Torrey) J.N. Rose & I.M. Johnston): Dipua, Foothill Paloverde, Hillside Paloverde, Horsebean, Little Horsebean, Little Leaf Horsebean, Little Leaf Paloverde, Palo Verde (Green Tree), Yellow Paloverde (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (10 to 26 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, rocky and gravelly bajadas, alluvial fans and gravelly flats, occurring from 500 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 77, 86, 89, 91*

SHRUBS

Acacia constricta Benth. (II)

Acacia constricta G. Bentham: Chaparro Prieto, Common Whitethorn, Garabato, Gigantillo, Huisache, Largoncillo, Mescat Acacia, Twinthorn Acacia, Vara Prieta, Vinorama, Whitethorn Acacia, White Thorn (terrestrial perennial deciduous (drought and cold) shrub or tree (2 to 18 feet in height and to 18 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and arroyos and floodplains, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reported to be fragrant. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 26, 28, 46, 48, 68, 77, 80, 89, 91*

Celtis pallida Torr. (II)

Celtis ehrenbergiana (J.F. Klotzsch) F.M. Liebmann (Celtis pallida J. Torrey): Acebuche, Bainoro, Capul, Desert Hackberry, Garabato, Garambullo, Granjeno, Huasteco, Palo de Aguila, Rompecapa, Shiny Hackberry, Spiny Hackberry (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (3 to 18 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, flats, along washes and streambeds, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Desert Hackberry is a larval food plant for the American Snout (Libytheana carinenta) and Empress Leilia (Asterocampa leilia), provides a nesting site for the White-wing Dove (Zenaida asiatica) and cover for many birds. The fruit are eaten by many birds and small desert mammals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 26, 28, 46, 48, 58, 89, 91*

Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm. (II)

Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrel, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub or tree (2 to 11 feet in height and 1 to 2 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, alluvial fans, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and arroyos and in rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 18, 26 (gen.), 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 89 (recorded as Echinocactus wislizeni), 91*

Fouquieria splendens Engelm.

Fouquieria splendens G. Engelmann: Albarda, Barda, Candle Bush, Candle Wood, Coach Whip, Flamingsword, Jacob’s Staff, Monkey-tail, Ocotillo, Ocotillo del Corral, Slimwood, Vine Cactus (terrestrial perennial deciduous drought and cold) moderately succulent shrub (cluster of 6 to 100 stems 6 to 33 feet in height and 5 to 10 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, rocky and stony slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly and sandy plains, gravelly flats and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa californica), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers and is a preferred food plant of the Costa’s Hummingbird. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 26, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86, 89, 91*

Hyptis emoryi Torr.

= Mesophaerum emoryi (Torr.) Kuntze

Hyptis emoryi J. Torrey: Bee Sage, Desert Lavender, Lavender, Salvia (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (2 to 15 feet in height and 3 to 8 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, foothills, rocky slopes, among boulders and along sandy washes, occurring, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Native bees and hummingbirds visit the flowers and the seeds provide food for wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental, but is sensitive to frosts. *5, 6, 13, 16, 18, 28, 46, 48, 77, 89, 91*

Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell. Arg.

Jatropha cardiophylla (J. Torrey) J. Müller Argoviensis: Limber Bush, Matacora, Sangre de Cristo, Sangre-de-drago, Sangregrado, Sangrengado, Torote (terrestrial perennial deciduous semi-succulent shrub (1 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, hills, rocky hillsides, foothills, bajadas, dry plains and along washes, sandy arroyos, floodplains, riparian areas and rocky soils, occurring from 100 to 4,800 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, emerald green leaves appear around the time of the first rains and then provide color when the leaves turn gold in the fall. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 46, 48, 58, 77, 80 (gen.), 89, 91*

Lippia wrightii Gray

Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) A.A. Heller ex L. Abrams (Lippia wrightii A. Gray ex J. Torrey): Altamisa, Beebrush, Oreganillo, Vara Dulce, Wright Aloysia, Wright’s Beebrush, Wright Lippia (terrestrial perennial deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub (3 to 6½ feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, dry rocky and gravelly slopes and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 46, 58, 77, 91, 89*

Lycium berlandieri Dunal

Lycium berlandieri M.F. Dunal: Berlandier Lycium, Berlandier’s Wolfberry, Huichutilla, Terrac Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, rocky foothills, bajadas, alluvial plains and gravelly flats, occurring from 2,000 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers; useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18 (gen.), 28, 46*

Lycium fremontii Gray

Lycium fremontii A. Gray: Frémont’s Desert-thorn, Frémont Lycium, Frémont Thornbush, Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (2 to 10 feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas and alluvial plains, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 28, 46, 48, 56, 57, 77, 89 (recorded as Lycium fremontii and Lycium fremontii var. gracilipes)*

Opuntia arizonica Griffiths

Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. major G. Engelmann, Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. phaeacantha [superflouous autonym]): Abrojo, Joconostle, Major Pricklypear, Mojave Pricklypear, Nopal, Sprawling Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote, Yellow Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (forms clumps to 5 feet in height and 8 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, flats, and valleys and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant provides cover for many desert animals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, varieties remain as varieties of Opuntia phaeacantha (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 16, 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 56, 57, 58, 77, 89 (recorded as Opuntia arizonica, Opuntia blackiana and Opuntia toumeyi), 91*

Opuntia blaceana Rose

Opuntia discata Griffiths

Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (forms clumps 4 to 5 feet in height and 10 feet or more in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, along washes, gullies and arroyos and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant provides cover for many desert animals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 27, 28, 45 (sp.), 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 89 (recorded as Opuntia discata), 91*

Opuntia leptocaulis DC.

Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (A.P. de Candolle) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle): Agujilla, Christmas Cactus, Christmas Cholla, Darning Needle Cactus, Desert Christmas Cactus, Desert Christmas Cholla, Diamond Cactus, Holycross Cholla, Pencil-joint Cholla, Pipestem Cactus, Rattail Cactus, Tajasilla, Tasajillo, Tesajo (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet in height and width); within the range for this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos, bottomlands and floodplains, occurring from 200 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia leptocaulis (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 18, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 56, 57, 58, 63 (083006), 77, 86, 89, 91*

Opuntia toumeyi Rose

Opuntia versicolor Engelm.

Cylindropuntia versicolor (G. Engelmann ex T. Coulter) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia versicolor G. Engelmann ex T. Coulter): Deer Horn Cactus, Deer Horn Cholla, Staghorn Cholla, Tree Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (to 15 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, varied flower colors between plants and the cascading sometimes purplish to reddish colored branches with pendulous bright yellow fruits make this an attractive plant. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia versicolor (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 89*

Simmondsia californica Nutt.

Simmondsia chinensis (J.H. Link) C.K. Schneider (Simmondsia californica T. Nuttall): Coffee Berry, Coffee Bush, Deernut, Goat Nut, Goatnut, Gray Box Bush, Jojoba, Pignut, Quinine Plant, Sheepnut, Wild Hazel (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 10 feet in height and 6 or more feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, dry rocky and gravelly slopes, rocky and gravelly hillsides, bajadas, alluvial fans and along washes and runnels, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grasslands and desertscrub ecological formations) Jojoba is an important browse plant for wildlife including deer and Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) This plant is useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 16, 18, 26, 28, 46, 48, 57, 58, 77, 89*

WOODY CLIMBERS

Janusia gracilis Gray

Janusia gracilis A. Gray: Desert Vine, Fermina, Slender Janusia (terrestrial perennial deciduous forb/herb or vine (18 inches to 10 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky mountainsides, rocky canyons, canyon bottoms, rocky hills, gravelly ridges, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among rocks, volcanic plugs, gravelly bajadas, alluvial fans and canyons, gravelly flats, along perennial streams, sandy washes and creeks, rocky stream beds and banks, gullies, rocky arroyo bottoms, flood plains, riparian areas and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils and rocky clay loam and clay loam soils, occurring from 500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Slender Janusia is a food plant of the Sonoran Desert Tortoise. (Gopherus agassizi) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are yellow and the fruit wings are reddish. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28, 46, 58, 63 (090206), 77, 85 (090206), 89*

Nissolia schottii (Torr.) Gray

Nissolia schottii (J. Torrey) A. Gray: Schott’s Yellowhood (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 2,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 46, 58, 77, 89*

DWARF SHRUBS

Aplopappus laricifolia Gray

= Chrysoma laricifolia (Gray) Greene

Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus (Aplopappus) laricifolius A. Gray): Larch-leaf Goldenweed, Turpentine Bush, Turpentine Brush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, plains and flats, occurring from 3,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28, 46, 58, 77, 89 (recorded as Aplopappus laricifolia)*

Ayenia microphylla Gray

Ayenia microphylla A. Gray: Ayenia, Dense Ayenia, Littleleaf Ayenia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (18 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hills, dry rocky slopes, gravelly flats and washes, occurring from 2,000 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 46, 77, 89*

Cactus grahamii (Engelm.) Kuntze

Mammillaria grahamii G. Engelmann var. grahamii (Mammillaria microcarpa G. Engelmann): Arizona Fishhook Cabeza de Viejo Cekida, Cactus, Biznaguita, Fishhook Cactus, Fishhook Pincushion, Graham Fishhook, Graham’s Nipple Cactus, Graham Pincushion Cactus, Lizard Catcher (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (2 to 6 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, rock outcrops, rocky hillsides, boulder crevices, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 27 (sp.), 28, 45 (sp.), 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 86 (sp.), 89 (recorded as Cactus grahamii)*

Calliandra eriophylla Benth.

Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham (Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham var. eriophylla [superfluous autonym]): Cabelleto de Angel, Cabeza Angel, Fairyduster, False Mesquite, False Mesquite Calliandra, Guajillo, Hairy-leaved Calliandra, Huajillo, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (8 inches to 4 feet in height and 4 to 5 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, hillsides, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Fairyduster is browsed by wildlife and is highly palatable to Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 28, 46, 48, 63 (082406), 58, 77, 86, 89, 91*

Carlowrightia arizonica Gray

Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray: Arizona Carlowrightia, Arizona Wrightwort, Lemilla, Rama de Toro, Wrightwort (terrestrial annual or perennial subshrub or shrub; within the range of this species it has been range reported from rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 2,500 to 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 46, 56, 57, 58, 77, 89*

Hermannia pauciflora Wats.

Hermannia pauciflora S. Watson: Burstwort, Few-flowered Hermannia, Hierba del Soldado, Santa Catalina Burstwort, Sparseleaf Hermannia (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, dry rocky slopes, rocky hillsides, rocky outcrops, rock crevices, pockets of soil, alluvial fans, riparian areas and rocky soils, occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 8, 13, 16, 46, 77, 85, 89*

Hibiscus coulteri Harvey

Hibiscus coulteri W.H. Harvey ex A. Gray: Coulter Hibiscus, Desert Rosemallow, Pelotazo (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (3 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon walls, hillsides, rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas, occurring from 1,500 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 86, 89*

Hibiscus denudatus Benth. (II)

Hibiscus denudatus G. Bentham: Naked Hibiscus, Paleface, Pale Face Mallow, Paleface Rosemallow, Rock Hibiscus (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and washes, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 86, 89*

Krameria canescens Gray

Krameria grayi J.N. Rose & W.H. Painter: Chacate, Cosahui, Crimson-beak, Gray Ratany, White Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, dry plains, gravelly flats and rocky and sandy soils, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 89 (recorded as Krameria canescens)*

Krameria glandulosa Rose

Krameria erecta C.L. von Wildenow (Krameria parviflora G. Bentham): Chacate, Coashui, Littleleaf Ratany, Pima Ratany, Purple Heather, Range Ratany, Small-flower Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (12 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly plains and gravelly flats, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 89 (recorded as Krameria glandulosa)*

Phoradendron californicum Nutt. (II)

Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall (Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall var. distans W. Trelease): American Mistletoe, Desert Mistletoe, Mesquite Mistletoe, Toji, Western Dwarf Mistletoe (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet in diameter); partial parasite commonly found on Acacia spp., Condalia spp., Larrea spp., Olneya spp., Parkinsonia spp., Prosopis spp., and Ziziphus spp., occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens) feed on the berries and disperse the seeds to other host plants and Verdins nest in the stems. The fragrant flowers attract insects. This plant is reported to be poisonous. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28, 46, 56, 57, 58, 77, 80, 89, 97*

Polygala macradenia Gray

Polygala macradenia A. Gray: Glandleaf Milkwort, Milkwort (terrestrial perennial subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, ridges and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 46, 77, 89*

Siphonoglossa longiflora (Torr.) Gray

Siphonoglossa longiflora (J. Torrey) A. Gray (Justicia longii R.A. Hilsenbeck): Long-flowered Justicia, Longflowered Tubetongue, Tubetongue, Siphonoglossa, White Needle Flower (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (8 to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky foothills, hillsides, rocky slopes, among boulders and rocks, springs, along washes, riparian areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,700 to 4,700 feet tin elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant is browsed by wildlife and has flowers that are fragrant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28, 46, 58, 85, 89*

HALF-SHRUBS

Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet

Abutilon incanum (J.H. Link) R. Sweet: Hoary Abutilon, Hoary Indian Mallow, Indian Mallow, Pelotazo, Pelotazo Chico, Tronadora (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (20 inches to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly plains and along arroyos, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 28, 46, 89, 91*

Abutilon lemmoni Wats.

Abutilon abutiloides (N.J. von Jacquin) C.A. Garcke ex N.L. Britton & W.M. Wilson [Abutilon californicum G. Bentham sensu Kearney and Peebles, Arizona Flora]: Berlandier Abutilon, Indian Mallow, Shrubby Indian Mallow (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (6 to 7 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas and along washes, occurring between 2,000 and 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Shrubby Indian Mallow is a food and nesting plant of the caterpillar of the Arizona Powdered-skipper (Systaceae zampa). *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 46, 77, 89 (recorded as Abutilon lemmoni)*

Arabis eremophila Greene

Arabis perennans S. Watson (Arabis eremophila E.L. Greene, Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W.A. Weber: Perennial Rockcress, Rock Cress, Stiff-arm Rock Cress (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountain slopes, rocky canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock crevices and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 28, 46, 58, 63 (062606), 77, 89*

Boerhavia scandens L.

Boerhavia scandens C. Linnaeus (Commicarpus scandens (C. Linnaeus) P.C. Standley): Bush Spiderling, Climbing Wartclub, Miona, Pega-polla (terrestrial perennial subshrub or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats and along washes and streambeds, occurring from 2,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 46, 56, 57, 58, 77, 89*

Brickellia coulteri Gray

= Coleosanthus coulteri (Gray) Kuntze

Brickellia coulteri A. Gray (Brickellia coulteri A. Gray var. coulteri): Brickellbush, Coulter’s Brickellbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, floodplains and along washes and streambeds, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 56, 57, 58, 77, 89*

Cassia covesii Gray (II)

Senna covesii (A. Gray) J.B. Irwin & R.C. Barneby (Cassia covesii A. Gray): Coves’ Cassia, Cove Senna, Dais, Daisillo, Desert Senna, Hojasen, Rosemaria, Rattlebox, Rattleweed (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, sandy river bottoms and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Cove Cassia is a larval food plant for the Cloudless Sulfur (Phoebis sennae) and Sleepy Orange (Eurema nicippe). This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28, 46, 68, 77, 82, 89*

Dalea parryi T. & G.

= Parosela parryi (T. & G.) Heller

Marina parryi (J. Torrey & A. Gray) R.C. Barneby (Dalea parryi J. Torrey & A. Gray): Parry Dalea, Parry Indigo Pea, Parry Marina, Parry’s False Prairie-clover (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 or more feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and roadsides, occurring from 2,200 to 4,700 feet in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental) *5, 6, 15, 16, 28, 46, 77, 89*

Ditaxis sp.

Argythamnia sp.: Silverbush *89*

Dyssodia porophylloides Gray

Adenophyllum porophylloides (A. Gray) J.L. Strother (Dyssodia porophylloides A. Gray): San Felipe Adenophyllum, San Felipe Dogweed, San Felipe Dyssodia, San Felipe Fetid Marigold (terrestrial perennial subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats and washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 28, 15, 46, 77, 89*

Encelia farinosa Gray

Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey: Brittlebush, Button Brittlebush, Goldenhills, Hierba Cenisa, Hierba de Gusano, Hierba de las Animas, Hierba del Vaso, Incienso, Rama Blanca, White Brittlebush (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (18 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, flats and washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 18, 28, 46, 48, 58, 86, 89, 91*

Franseria deltoidea Torr. (II)

= Gaertneria deltoidea (Torr.) Kuntze

Ambrosia deltoidea (J. Torrey) F.W. Payne (Franseria deltoidea J. Torrey): Burrobush, Bursage, Chamizo Forrajero, Chicurilla, Rabbit Bush, Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle-leaf Bursage, Triangle-leaf Burr Ragweed (terrestrial evergreen perennial subshrub or shrub (12 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, runnels and washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant acts as a nurse plant for Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants and may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28, 46, 77, 91*

Galium stellatum Kellogg

Galium stellatum A. Kellogg (var. eremicum (M.L. Hilend & J.T. Howell) F. Ehrendorfer is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Desert Bedstraw, Starry Bedstraw (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mountainsides, canyons, rock crevices, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes and gravelly loam soils, occurring below 6,700 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 28, 46, 77, 89*

Haplophyton cimicidium