January
6, 2006 Update
TOWNSHIP
13 SOUTH, RANGE 17 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA
Gila
and Salt River Baseline and Meridian
Major Contributors and Sources of
Information: Matthew B. Johnson, Program Manager and Curator of the Desert
Legume Program - Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum. William T. Kendall.
Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.
Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized in the surrounding native environment.
Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.
Appreciation is expressed to the
officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game
and Fish Department,
Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.
DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.
CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted.
This photograph was
taken looking northwest across the township,
The following are a few of the plants reported from this township that might be useful in landscaping and restoration projects. Trees and Large Shrubs: Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii), Arizona White Oak (Quercus arizonica), Goodding Willow (Salix gooddingii), Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea), Emory Oak (Quercus emoryi), Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida), Mexican Blue Oak (Quercus oblongifolia), Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina), Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Arizona Rosewood (Vauquelinia californica), Redberry Juniper (Juniperus coahuilensis), Common Sotol (Dasylirion wheeleri), Fishhook Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni), Greythorn (Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens) and Cane Cholla (Opuntia spinosior). Shrubs and Large Grasses: Bear Grass (Nolina microcarpa), Arizona Yucca (Yucca baccata var. brevifolia), Pointleaf Manzanita (Arctostaphylos pungens), Deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens), Pineneedle Milkweed (Asclepias linaria), Desert Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii), Fern Acacia (Acacia angustissima var. hirta), Sand Dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), Turpentine Bush (Ericameria laricifolia), Bush Dalea (Dalea pulchra), Woolly Senna (Senna hirsuta var glaberrima), Arizona Cottontop (Digitaria californica), Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla) and Burroweed (Isocoma tenuisecta). Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents: Desert Senna (Senna covesii), Desert Mountain Manihot (Manihot angustiloba), Schott Agave (Agave schottii var. schottii), Bundle Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus fendleri var. fasciculatus), Straight-spined Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus fendleri var. rectispinus), Arizona Rainbow Cactus (Echinocereus rigidissimus), Bisbee Beehive Cactus (Escobaria vivipara var. bisbeeana), Mesa Tansyaster (Machaeranthera tagetina), Slender Goldenweed (Machaeranthera gracilis), Graham Pincushion Cactus (Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii), Sunner Poppy (Kallstroemia grandiflora) and Spreading Fanpetals (Sida abutifolia).
Township Notes
Location: This township is
located in northeastern
Landmarks: An eastern portion of
the
Elevation: Elevations range from
approximately 3,180 feet in
Soil: Soils are described as thermic (hot) arid and semiarid soils (soils with mean annual temperatures of 59 degrees to 72 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees to 22 degrees Centigrade) and 10 to 16 inches (25 to 41 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Rock Outcrop-Lampshire-Cellar Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow semiarid soils of the mountains and foothills) and mesic (cool) subhumid soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of 47 degrees to 59 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees to 15 degrees Centigrade) and more than 16 inches (41 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Rock Outcrop-Barkerville-Faraway Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow subhumid soils of the mountains) (3).
Biotic Community: Portions of this township are located within the Scrub-Grassland (Semidesert Grassland) Regional Formation of the Grassland Formation and Madrean Evergreen Woodland Regional Formation of the Woodland Formation with associated Wetlands (4).
Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic
Map of Township Showing Adjacent Sections
The
The ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to
Contact:
The
The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.
NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE
(The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts
a tremendous amount of time and effort
into the
organizing and overseeing of their rescue
events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated
members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.)
The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT
SOCIETY organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development.
If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your
landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew
member.
Contact: Tucson Cactus and
Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759, 520-885-6367.
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT
NURSERY
http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native
plant for which there is a buyer.
Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant
Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.
The TOHONO CHUL PARK GREENHOUSE
http://www.tohonochulpark.org/
The TOHONO CHUL PARK GREENHOUSE offers for
sale a wide variety of native and arid adapted plants. Many of these plants
require minimal watering once they are established. Flowers, trees, bushes and
seeds are sold throughout the year.
Contact: Tohono Chul Park, 7366 North
Paseo del Norte, , Tucson, Arizona
85704-4415, Information: 520-742-6455
(Greenhouse ext. 239), FAX: 520-797-1213, Russ Buhrow, Curator of Plants,
520-742-6455 ext. 234, russbuhrow@tohonochulpark.org
LISTING
OF PLANTS
STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY
OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE PLANTS FROM
COLLECTION, MUTILATION AND
DESTRUCTION
Agavaceae: The Century-plant Family
Agave chrysantha R.H. Peebles (5): Agave, Apache Trail Agave, Golden-flowered Agave, Goldenflower Century Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 3 feet high with a flowering stem reaching to 23 feet in height) (6); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas and outcrops 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Agave schottii G. Engelmann var. schottii: Agave, Amole, Amolillo, Schott Agave, Schott’s Century Plant, Shin Dagger, Shin Digger (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high with a flowering stem reaching to 12 feet in height); within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock outcrops and bajadas 4,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Yucca baccata J. Torrey var. brevifolia (H.W. Schott ex J. Torrey) L. Benson & R.A. Darrow (Yucca arizonica S.A. McKelvey, Yucca thornberi S.A. McKelvey): Arizona Yucca, Banana Yucca, Datil, Palma Criolla, Spanish Dagger, Thornber Yucca (terrestrial perennial evergreen herb, subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet high with a flowering stalk reaching to 5 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Asclepiadaceae: The Milkweed Family
Asclepias linaria A.J. Cavanilles: Hierba de Cuervo, Pineneedle Milkweed (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from mesas and rocky slopes 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Asteraceae: The Aster Family
(Compositae: The Sunflower Family)
Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Desert Broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 10 feet high); within range reported from hills, flats, roadsides, along washes and streambeds, floodplains, bottom lands and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, consider planting male plants only to eliminate seed production)
Cirsium neomexicanum A. Gray: Desert Thistle, New Mexico Thistle, Mexican Thistle (terrestrial biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, bajadas, plains, roadsides and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus (Aplopappus) laricifolius A. Gray): Larch-leaf Goldenweed, Turpentine Bush, Turpentine Brush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes and flats 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Gutierrezia sarothrae (F.T. Pursh) N.L. Britton & H.H. Rusby: Broombrush, Broom Snakeweed, Broomweed, Cayaye, Hierba de la Vibora, Hierba de San Nicolas, Matchbrush, Matchweed, Perennial Broomweed, Perrenial Snakeweed, Resin-weed, Round-head Broomweed, Sheepweed, Stinkweed, Snakeweed, Turpentine Weed, Yellowtop, Yellow-weed, Yerba de San Nicholas (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and along washes 3,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Isocoma tenuisecta E.L. Greene (Aplopappus
tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake,
Haplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Burroweed, Hierba del Burrow (terrestrial
perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from
mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, draws and
disturbed areas 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Machaeranthera gracilis (T. Nuttall) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus gracilis (T. Nuttall) A. Gray): Goldenweed, Slender Goldenweed, Yellow Daisy, Yellow Spiny Daisy (terrestrial long lived annual herb (to 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, plains and washes below 7,000 feet elevation)
Machaeranthera tagetina E.L. Greene (Aster tagetinus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Mesa Tansyaster, Tansyleaf Spine Aster (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, floodplains, riverbanks and disturbed areas 1,500 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): The Mustard Family
Sisymbrium irio C. Linnaeus: London Rocket, Pamita, Pamiton, Rocket Mustard (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides, floodplains and disturbed areas below 4,500 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Cactaceae: The Cactus Family
Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Cereus giganteus G. Engelmann): Giant Cactus, Saguaro, Sahuaro (terrestrial perennial succulent tree (to 50 feet high or more); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridges and foothills, rocky hill sides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos below 5,100 feet elevation; the Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae), Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) and Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) have been observed visiting the flowers, white-wing doves as well as other birds and animals feed on the saguaro seeds during fruiting season; Gila Woodpeckers and Gilded Flickers make holes in this plant for their nests which are later utilized by Elf Owls; useful as an ornamental)
Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) N.P. Taylor (Echinocereus fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) L. Benson, Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rümpler var. robustus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson, Mammillaria fasciculata G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson): Bundle Hedgehog Cactus, Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus, Robust Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes 2,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. rectispinus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson (Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rümpler var. rectispinus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson): Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus, Straight-spined Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, flats and along arroyos 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Echinocereus rigidissimus (G. Engelmann) F.A. Haage f. (Echinocereus pectinatus (M.J. Scheidweiler) G. Engelmann var. rigidissimus (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rumpler): Arizona Rainbow Cactus, Rainbow Echinocereus, Rainbow Hedgehog, Rainbow Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 1 foot); within range reported from mountains, hills, grasslands and flats 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Echinocereus rigidissimus (G. Engelmann) F.A. Haage f. forma cristata (Echinocereus pectinatus (M.J. Scheidweiler) G. Engelmann var. rigidissimus (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rumpler): Crested Arizona Rainbow Cactus, Crested Rainbow Echinocereus, Crested Rainbow Hedgehog, Rainbow Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 1 foot); within range reported from mountains, hills, grasslands and flats 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Escobaria vivipara (T. Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. bisbeeana (C.R. Orcutt) D.R. Hunt (Coryphantha vivipara (T. Nuttall) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. bisbeeana (C.R. Orcutt) L. Benson): Beehive Cactus, Bisbee Beehive Cactus, Bisbee Spinystar, Cushion Cactus, Spinystar, Spiny Star Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 1 foot high); within range reported from mountains, hills, slopes, plains and flats 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes and arroyos below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose forma cristata): Bisnaga, Biznaga, Candy Barrelcactus - Crested Form, Crested Fishhook Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation)
Mammillaria grahamii G. Engelmann var. grahamii (Mammillaria microcarpa G. Engelmann): Arizona Fishhook Cabeza de Viejo Cekida, Cactus, Biznaguita, Fishhook Cactus, Graham Fishhook, Graham’s Nipple Cactus, Graham Pincushion Cactus, Lizard Catcher (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 6 inches high); within range reported from rocky slopes, rock outcrops, rocky hillsides, boulder crevices, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mammillaria heyderi F. Müehlenpfordt var. macdougalii (J.N. Rose) L. Benson (Mammillaria gummifera G. Engelmann var. macdougalii (J.N. Rose) L. Benson; Mammillaria macdougalii J.N. Rose): MacDougal’s Nipple Cactus, MacDougal Pincushion Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mountains, hillsides, slopes, flats and valleys 3,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mammillaria viridiflora (N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose) F. Böedeker (Mammillaria orestera L. Benson): Fishhook Pincushion, Green Fishhook, Greenflower Nipple Cactus, Green-flowered Pincushion Cactus, Varied Fishhook Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 6 inches high); within range reported from sandy soils on mountainsides and rocky slopes and hillsides; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, and along washes, gullies and arroyos 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. flavispina (L. Benson) E. Parfitt & D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. flavispina L. Benson): Cactus Apple, Yellow-spined Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. major G. Engelmann: Abrojo, Joconostle, Major Pricklypear, Mojave Pricklypear, Nopal, Sprawling Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote, Yellow Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, flats and valleys in sandy, gravelly or rocky soils 1,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey: Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mountainsides, canyons, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and floodplains 1,000 to 5,000+ feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Convolvulaceae: The Morning-glory Family
Evolvulus arizonicus A. Gray: Arizona Blue-eyes, Evolvulus, Wild Dwarf Morning-glory, Wild Morning-glory (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, flats and along washes 3,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ipomoea sp.: Morning-glory
Ipomoea coccinea C. Linnaeus: Red Morning-glory, Redstar, Scarlet Creeper, Scarlet Morning-glory, Star Glory (terrestrial summer annual herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides and along washes and streams 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; there is some question as to whether this plant is native or exotic)
Cupressaceae: The
Juniperus coahuilensis (Martinez) H.M. Gaussen ex R.P. Adams: Coahuila Juniper, Redberry Juniper (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (to16 feet high; within range reported from mountains, canyons, cliffs, foothills, rocky hillsides, slopes woodlands, rocky outcrops, among boulders, scrubs, grasslands, desertscrubs, along washes and streambeds and riparian areas 1,800 to 6,200 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ericaceae: The Heath Family
Arctostaphylos pungens K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland & Kunth: Bearberry, Manzanilla, Mexican Manzanita, Pinguica, Pointleaf Manzanita (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (to 6 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, bases of cliffs, gravelly slopes, forests, woodlands, scrubs, plains, grasslands, along washes and floodplains 3,400 to 8,000 feet elevation; the Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) and White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis) have been observed visiting the flowers; fruits are eaten by bears, birds and other animals; useful as an ornamental)
Euphorbiaceae: The Spurge Family
Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (C. Linnaeus) J.K. Small (Euphorbia hyssopifolia C. Linnaeus): Hyssopleaf Euphorbia, Hyssopleaf Sandmat, Hyssop Spurge, (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, soil pockets on rock outcrops, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Manihot angustiloba (J. Torrey) J. Müller Argoviensis; Desertmountain Manihot, Narrow-leaf Cassava, Narrow-leaved Cassava (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, grasslands and desertscrubs 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family
Acacia angustissima (P. Miller) C.E. Kuntze var. hirta (T. Nuttall) C.A. Robbins: Barbus de Chivo, Cantemo, Fern Acacia, Guajillo, Palo de Pulque, Prairie Acacia, Siraku K’amataraku, Timbe, Timben, Timbre, Whiteball Acacia (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and washes 3,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham var. eriophylla: Cabelleto de Angel, Cabeza Angel, Fairyduster, False Mesquite, False Mesquite Calliandra, Guajillo, Hairy-leaved Calliandra, Huajillo, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; browsed by wildlife, highly palatable to deer; useful as an ornamental)
Calliandra humilis G. Bentham: Dwarf Stickpea, Fairy Duster, False Mesquite, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 inches high); within range reported from gravelly slopes, woodlands and grasslands 4,000 to 9,000 feet elevation)
Chamaecrista serpens (C. Linnaeus) E.L. Greene var. wrightii (A. Gray) J.B. Irwin & R.C. Barneby (Cassia wrightii A. Gray): Partridge-pea, Wright’s Sensitive Pea (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from scrubs 3,500 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Dalea pulchra H.S. Gentry: Bush Dalea, Indigo Bush, Indigo Dalea, Pea Bush, Santa Catalina Prairie Clover (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons and rocky and gravelly slopes; larval food plant for the Southern Dogface (Colias cesonia))
Galactia wrightii A. Gray: Cliff Bean, Wright’s Milkpea (terrestrial perennial herb, vine or subshrub; within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Delgado (Phaseolus heterophyllus C.L. von Wildenow): Variableleaf Bushbean (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas and dry plains 4,000 to 7,500 feet elevation. EXOTIC)
Mimosa aculeaticarpa C.G. de Ortega var. biuncifera (G. Bentham) R.C. Barneby (Mimosa biuncifera G. Bentham): Cat Claw, Catclaw Mimosa, Garruno, Gatuno, Una de Gato, Wait-a-bit,
Wait-a-minute, Wait-a-Minute Bush (terrestrial
perennial shrub or small tree (to 8 feet high); within range reported from
mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, gravelly flats and along washes 3,000
to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for wildlife
and forage for Whitetail Deer; reportedly useful in controlling erosion)
Parkinsonia aculeata C. Linnaeus: Bacapore, Bagota, Espinillo, Guacoporo, Horse Bean, Jerusalem Thorn, Junco, Long-leaf Paloverde, Mexican Paloverde, Mezquite Verde, Retama (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 40 feet high); within range reported from canyons, hills, bajadas, flats, roadsides, floodplains, along washes and disturbed areas 2,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; native to the Castle Dome Mountains (Yuma County) and the foothills of the Coyote and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County) in Arizona; useful as an ornamental, observed as an escaped and naturalized ornamental that has become weedy in riparian areas and along roadsides; foliage and pods are browsed by wildlife)
Parkinsonia florida (G. Bentham ex A. Gray) S. Watson (Cercidium floridum G. Bentham): Blue Paloverde, Paloverde (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 30 feet high); within range reported from canyons, hills, bajadas, slopes, flats, roadsides, floodplains and along sandy washes below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental with a very showy display of yellow flowers in the spring; twigs and seed pods are browsed by wildlife, seeds are eaten by birds and rodents; useful in controlling erosion)
Prosopis velutina E.O. Wooton (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Condolle var. velutina (E.O. Wooton) C.S. Sargent): Algarroba, Chachaca, Mesquite, Mezquite, Velvet Mesquite (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and floodplains below 6,000 feet elevation; provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife; useful as an ornamental)
Senna covesii (A. Gray) J.B. Irwin & R.C. Barneby (Cassia covesii A. Gray): Coves’ Cassia, Cove Senna, Dais, Daisillo, Desert Senna, Hojasen, Rosemaria, Rattlebox, Rattleweed (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; larval food plant for the Cloudless Sulfur (Phoebis sennae) and Sleepy Orange (Eurema nicippe;) useful as an ornamental)
Senna hirsuta (C. Linnaeus) J.B. Irwin & R.C. Barneby var glaberrima (M.E. Jones) J.B. Irwin & R.C. Barneby (Cassia leptocarpa G. Bentham var. glaberrima M.E. Jones): Slim-pod Senna, Woolly Senna (terrestrial herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from along streams and washes 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation; larval food plant for the Cloudless Sulfur (Phoebis sennae) and Sleepy Orange (Eurema nicippe), useful as an ornamental)
Fagaceae: The Beech Family
Quercus arizonica C.S. Sargent: Arizona Oak, Arizona White Oak, Roble (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (30 to 60 or more feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, woodlands and foothills 5,000 to7,600 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, one of the largest of the southwestern oaks)
Quercus emoryi J. Torrey: Blackjack Oak, Black Oak, Bellota, Emory Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (to 50 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, ridges, slopes, woodlands and foothills 3,000 to 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; the acorns “bellotas” are eaten by wildlife and the leaves are browsed by deer)
Quercus oblongifolia J. Torrey: Mexican Blue Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (16 to 30 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, foothills and woodlands 4,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; the foliage is browsed by deer)
Fouquieriaceae: The Ocotillo Family
Fouquieria splendens G. Engelmann: Albarda, Barda, Candle Bush, Candle Wood, Coach Whip, Flamingsword, Jacob’s Staff, Monkey-tail, Ocotillo, Ocotillo del Corral, Slimwood, Vine Cactus (terrestrial perennial shrub (7 to 33 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 6,500 feet elevation; the Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers and is a preferred food plant of Costa’s Hummingbird; useful as an ornamental)
Liliaceae: The Lily Family
Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson: Cactus Spoon, Common Sotol, Desert Spoon, Sotol, Spoon Flower, Spoon Plant, Wheeler Dasylirion, Wheeler Sotol (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (under 8 feet high with a flowering spike reaching to 15 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas and rocky and gravelly hillsides 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by bighorn sheep)
Nolina microcarpa S. Watson: Bear Grass, Palmilla, Sacahuista, Small-seed Nolina, Sotol Chiquito (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet high with a flowering spike reaching to 8 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rock outcrops, hills, sandy and gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, flats and valleys 3,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Malvaceae: The Mallow Family
Abutilon parishii S. Watson: Indian Mallow, Parish’s Indian Mallow, Tucson Indian Mallow, Pima Indian Mallow (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 75 inches tall); within range reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, bases of cliffs, ledges, rocky slopes, rocky hillsides, bajadas, among boulders and rocks, grasslands and drainages 1,700 to 4.900 feet elevation)
Sida abutifolia P. Miller (Sida filicaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray, Sida procumbens E.J. Schwartz): Spreading Fanpetals, Spreading Sida (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly and sandy flats 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family
Avena fatua C. Linnaeus: Flaxgrass, Oatgrass, Wheat Oats, Wild Oat (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky
slopes, sandy bajadas, roadsides, along washes, low-lying areas and disturbed
areas below 8,250 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Bouteloua chondrosioides (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) G. Bentham ex S. Watson: Harvard Grama, Sprucetop Grama, Woolly-spiked Grama (terrestrial perennial herb (10 to 18 inches tall); within range reported from rocky slopes and rocky flats 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bouteloua curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey: Navajita Banderilla,
Sideoats Grama (terrestrial perennial herb (15 to 30 inches tall); within range
reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes and hills 1,800 to 7,000 feet
elevation; larval food plant for the
Bouteloua gracilis (C.L. von Wildenow ex K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) M. Lagasca y Segura ex D. Griffiths: Blue Grama (terrestrial perennial herb (10 inches to 28 inches or to 4 feet or more in height); within range reported from mountain meadows, rocky slopes, openings in forests, plains 1,000 to 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bromus rubens C. Linnaeus: Bromo, Bromo Rojo, Foxtail Brome, Foxtail Chess, Red Brome (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, waste places and disturbed areas 1,300 to 5,500 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Cynodon dactylon (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon: Bermudagrass, Devil Grass, European Bermuda Grass, Pata de Gallo, Zacate Bermuda, Zacate Ingles (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, roadsides, seeps, moist soil along washes, streambeds, cienegas and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Digitaria californica (G. Bentham) J.S. Henrickson (Trichachne californica (G. Bentham) M.A. Chase): Arizona Cottontop, California Cottontop, Cotton-top, Zacate Punta Blanca (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub (1 to 4 feet tall); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes and gravelly flats 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Eragrostis lehmanniana C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Lehmann Lovegrass, Zacate Africano, Zacate de Amor (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Muhlenbergia emersleyi G. Vasey: Bullgrass, Cola de Zorra (terrestrial perennial herb (2 to 4 feet tall); within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, flats and along washes and among rocks in streambeds; useful as an ornamental)
Muhlenbergia rigens (G. Bentham) A.S. Hitchcock: Deer Grass, Deergrass (terrestrial perennial herb (2 to 5 feet tall); within range reported from plateaus, canyons, rocky slopes, meadows, flats and along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Rhynchelytrum repens (C.L. von Willdenow) C.E. Hubb. (Melinis repens (C.L. von Willdenow) G. Zizka, Rhynchelytrum roseum C.G. Nees von Esenbeck): Creeping Molasses Grass, Natal Grass, Natal Redtop, Red Natal Grass, Rose Natal Grass, Zacate Natal, Zacate Rosado (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, roadsides, streambeds and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Sporobolus cryptandrus (J. Torrey) A. Gray: Covered-spike Dropseed, Sand Dropseed, Zacate de Arena (terrestrial perennial herb (1½ to 4 feet tall); within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and along washes below 7,000 feet elevation: useful as an ornamental)
Rhamnaceae: The Buckthorn Family
Ziziphus obtusifolia (W.J. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) A. Weberbauer var. canescens (A. Gray) W. Trelease): Abrojo, Bachata, Barbachatas, Clepe, Garrapata, Garumbullo, Gray-leaved Abrojo, Gray-thorn, Greythorn, Gumdrop Tree, Lotebush, Palo Blanco, Southwestern Condalia, White Crucillo (terrestrial perennial shrub or small tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds and bottomlands 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Rosaceae: The Rose Family
Vauquelinia californica (J. Torrey) C.S. Sargent: Arizona Rosewood, Torrey Vauquelinia (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or small tree (10 to 30 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes and hillsides 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Salicaceae: The
Populus fremontii S. Watson subsp. fremontii (Populus fremontii S. Watson var. fremontii, incl. vars. macdougalii (J.N. Rose) W.L. Jepson, Populus pubescens C.S. Sargent, Populus thornberi C.S. Sargent, Populus toumeyi C.S. Sargent, and Populus arizonica C.S. Sargent): Alamo, Frémont Cottonwood, Frémont Poplar, Meseta Cottonwood, Rio Grande Cottonwood (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (50 to 100 feet high); within range reported from wet soils along streams and washes, cienegas, bottomlands and water holes below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers; beavers cut the stems for their dams and feed on the bark)
Salix gooddingii J. Ball: Dudley Willow, Goodding Black Willow, Goodding’s Willow, Western Black Willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from wet soils along streams and washes, cienegas and lakeshores below 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers)
Sapindaceae: The Soapberry Family
Sapindus saponaria C. Linnaeus var. drummondii (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) L. Benson (Sapindus drummondii W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott): Amole, Amolio, Arbolillo, Cherioni, Guayul, Jaboncillo, Matamuchacho, Ojo de Loro, Palo Blanco, Soapberry, Tehuistle, Tzatzupa, Western Soapberry, Wild Chinaberry, Wild China-tree, Wing-leaf Soapberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 25 feet high); within range reported from canyons, moist soil along streams and washes and floodplains 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; seeds and leaves are poisonous)
Viscaceae: The Christmas Mistletoe Family
(Loranthaceae: The Mistletoe Family)
Phoradendron juniperinum G. Engelmann ex A. Gray: Juniper Mistletoe (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet in diameter); partial parasite observed growing on Redseed Juniper, commonly found on Juniperus spp. 4,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Zygophyllaceae: The Creosote-bush Family
Kallstroemia grandiflora J. Torrey ex A Gray: Arizona Caltrop, Arizona Poppy, Arizona Summer Poppy, Baiborin, Desert Poppy, Mexican Poppy, Orange Caltrop, Summer Poppy (terrestrial summer annual herb(stems to 3 feet long); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides and washes below 5,000 feet elevation)
LISTING OF ANIMALS
STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY
OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE ANIMALS FROM COLLECTION
AND FROM BEING DISTURBED OR KILLED
AMPHIBIANS
Ranidae: The Frog Family
Rana yavapaiensis (Platz and Frost): Lowland Leopard Frog, San Felipe Leopard Frog, Yavapai Leopard Frog (feeds on small invertebrates; reported from woodland, scrubland, grassland and wetland formations)
BIRDS
Columbidae: The Dove and Pigeon Family
Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus) (Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus)): Hohhi (Tohono O’odham), Huilota (Hispanic), Paloma Triste (Hispanic), Mourning Dove, Turtle Dove, Wild Dove (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose twig platforms located in cacti, shrubs trees and on the ground)
Odontiphoridae: The Quail Family
Callipepla gambelii (Gambel) (Lophortyx gambelii Gambel): Arizona Quail, Cordoniz de Gambel (Hispanic), Codorniz (Gambel) Chiquiri (Hispanic), Desert Quail, Gambel’s Quail, Kikaichu (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, buds, insects and seeds; eggs are laid in a ground scrape or grass lined nests located on the ground under prickly-pear cacti)
Tyrannidae: The Tyrant Flycatcher Family
Camptostoma imberbe (Sclater): Beardless Flycatcher, Beardless-tyrannulet, Northern Beardless Flycatcher, Northern Beardless-tyrannulet (feeds on insects; nests are domed or globular with a side entrance located in matted trees, tree tangles and clumps of mistletoe)
FISHES
Cyprinodontidae: The Killfish Family
Poeciliopsis occidentalis (Baird and Girard) occidentalis: Gila Topminnow, Sonoran Topminnow (feeds on algae, bottom debris, crustaceans, detritus, insects and plants; generally found in marshes, ponds and springs, the vegetated backwaters and shallows of rivers and streams and margins of larger bodies of water. EXTIRPATED)
MAMMALS
Leporidae: The Hare and Rabbit Family
Lepus californicus Gray: Black-tailed Jack Rabbit, “Jackass Rabbit” (feeds on grass, mesquite leaves and prickly-pear cacti)
Sylvilagus audubonii (Baird): Desert Cottontail (feeds on green plants, cacti, bark and twigs)
Sciuridae: The Squirrel and Allies Family
Citellus variegatus (Erxleben): Rock Squirrel (feeds on acorns, bird’s eggs and young birds, fruits, juniper berries, nuts and seeds of agave, black walnut, cacti, mesquite and other plants; reported from rocky areas, boulder piles, cliffs, hills and talus slopes; nests beneath boulders)
Ursidae: The Bear Family
Ursus americanus (Baird) (Euarctos americanus (Pallus)): Black Bear, Oso Negro (Hispanic) (feeds on acorns, ants, beetles, berries, buds, carrion, crickets, currants, fruit, grapes, grubs, insects, leaves, pinyon nuts, prickly-pear fruit, raspberries small to medium-size mammals and other vertebrates and twigs)
Ursus arctos (Linnaeus): Brown Bear, Grizzly Bear, Oso Gris (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, carrion, fish, fungi, insects, leaves, mammals, roots
and sprouts; reported from the Rincon and Santa Catalina Mountains and along
the Santa Cruz River bottom from Nogales to Tucson. EXTIRPATED from
REPTILES
Boidae: The Boa Family
Testudinidae: The Land Tortoise Family
Gopherus agassizi Cooper (Sonoran Population): Sonoran Desert Tortoise (feeds on cacti, grass and herbs; reported from canyon bottoms, rocky hillsides, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, desertscrubs, sandy and gravelly flats, dunes, oases, washes and riverbanks)
Listing Footnotes
(1) National Geographic
(2) Walker, Henry P. and Don
Bufkin. 1979. Historical Atlas of
(3)
(4) Brown, David E., Biotic Communities of the American Southwest – United States and Mexico, Desert Plants, Volume 4, Numbers 1-4, Published by the University of Arizona for the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, 1982, and associated map: Brown, David E. and Charles H. Lowe, Biotic Communities of the Southwest, August 1980, General Technical Report RM-78, United Stated Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Revised June 1983
(5) Nomenclature generally
follows that presented by The Biota of North America Program of the North
Carolina Botanical Garden (BONAP) with A Synonymized
Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm
(6) Growth habits generally
coincide with that given by the National Plants Database. Common names
identified in the database have been printed in bold lettering: USDA, NRCS.
2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov).
Literature, References and Web Sites Cited,
Consulted and Visited for Listings
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*
*Arizona Game and
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the
*
*
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*Catalogue of
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*Chamber, Nina – Sonoran
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*Checklist of North American
Butterflies Occurring North of
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*Especies Forestales No Maderables - Indices
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*
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Wiens. March 1996.
http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/ah_709/index.html
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*The Hermannia Pages: American Species
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*Heymann, M.M. 1975. Reptiles and
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*The International Plant Names Index (2004), accessed 2005. Published on the Internet
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(1903 to 2002),
*Laymon, Stephen A. Paper: Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
*Lellinger, David B. 1985. A Field Manual of
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*Lowe, Charles H. 1964. The
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*Maus, Kathryn. September 2002.
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*Maus, Kathryn.
*McLaughlin, Steven P. July 18, 1990. Flora of
Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (including Arivaca Cienega), Office of
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*
*Milne, Lorus and Margery. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
*Minckly, W.L. 1973. Fishes of
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*National Geographic
*National Plants Database: USDA, NRCS.
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*Native Grasses from
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*Olin, George. 1982. Mammals of
the
*Owensby, Clenton. 2002. Line
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*Page,
*Parker, Kittie F. 1982. An Illustrated Guide
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*Peterson, Roger Tory. 1961. A
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*
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*
*
http://www.pima.gov/cmo/sdcp/sdcp2/fsheets/facts.html
*Ransom, Jay Ellis. 1981. Harper
and Row’s Complete Field Guide to North American Wildlife, Western Edition,
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*Raven, Peter H., Ray F. Evert and Helena
Curtis. 1976 Biology of Plants, Second Edition,Worth Publishers, Inc.
*
*Richmond, D.L. and M.L. Richardson.
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*Rondeau, Renee, Thomas R. Van Devender, C.
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1996. Annotated Flora of the Tucson Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, Desert
Plants, Volume 12, Number 2..
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*Rosen, Philip C.
*Rosenberg, Gary H. and Russel,
Ruth. 1999. Checklist of North American Birds
*