April 17, 2008 Update

TOWNSHIP 12 SOUTH, RANGE 05 WEST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA

Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian

“An increasing need for careful husbandry of the earth’s natural resources has renewed interest

in the classification and mapping of ecosystems. The inventory of our remaining biotic entities is particularly urgent because the increased aspirations of a constantly growing world population

are placing ever greater stress on these generous, but finite, living resources.”

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-73

This photograph was taken looking north, the Batamote Mountains are in the background.

William T. Kendall June 25, 2005

“To know the desert involves an acquaintance with all its aspects, and all its physical features,

as well as all of the animals and plants that have learned how to find in it a congenial place to live. The

most significant lesson that the desert dweller can learn from a familiarity with its plant and animal life is to

regard himself not as an exile from some better place, but as a man at home in an environment to which his life can be adjusted without physical or intellectual loss.” Forest Shreve, The Cactus and

Its Home (Found in Discovering the Desert, by William G. McGinnies)

MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION

William T. Kendall *WTK (observation date, if shown)*

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data Management System - Special Status Species Reports *8*

Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) *85 (date of search for information on species)*

E. Lendell Cockrum, 1960. The Recent Mammals of Arizona: Their Taxonomy and Distribution, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. This Inclusion is based on the general distribution maps and statements. *118 (distribution note, map - Figure Number and Page Number)*

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION LISTINGS

Species Distribution Listings are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. Species Distribution Listings are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area. Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered works in progress. The source(s) used for the inclusion of the species in a listing is highlighted in green *00* in the footnotes. Due to the lack of first hand knowledge, in the listing of animals, unless otherwise noted in the footnotes, species may be included based on general distribution maps and/or statements and not on an actual sight record. I recommend that we consider a species as being “confirmed” to a township or general listing area only after we have at least three recorded sightings, cited in the footnotes, with no more than one of those records being based on general distribution mapping for the species. Note that the Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) *85* may have several collections recorded for a species within any given township or listing area, and that the date shown in parentheses is a date of the search of their records and not a date of recorded sighting. Note also that many of the individual species collection records found in SEINet include additional associated species.

Individual species records are presented alphabetically by division, class, family and genus within their kingdoms. Following the scientific name is the authority, common synonym(s), common name(s), a general description of the species habitat, the biotic communities in which it has reportedly been observed and footnotes. An attempt is being made to identify the range in mature (flowering/fruiting) heights reported for the plants. The habitat description is provided in order to help you visualize the types of natural habitats the species is found in and ones in which it might be planted back into in a landscape or restoration project. The range in elevation has been rounded off to the nearest 100 feet up, for the higher elevation or down, for the lower elevation. Species reported from within 0 to 100 feet as their lower elevation limit have been recorded as occurring “from sea level”. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, may be noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized into the surrounding native environment.

Local native plants are recommended for use in landscape and restoration projects. Many native species require little, if any, irrigation once established. Ideally restoration should include those plants that were native to the property prior to clearing. In order to determine what plants were native to the property you might try to locate photographs of the property prior to clearing or look for natural areas and remnant populations and plants adjacent to where the restoration is to take place. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density.

The use of native plants in landscape and restoration projects encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty and unique identity and heritage.

Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Questions, concerns, corrections and comments, including the reporting of unrecorded species and information relating to historical distributions, may be sent to the following address: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 86091, Tucson, Arizona 85754-6091, or E-mail to:KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.

DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. These listings are not meant to take the place of on-site surveys for species. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings. Attempts are made to keep the information contained in the Species Distribution Listings as accurate as possible, but Kendall Environmental Surveys disclaims any implied warranty or representation about its accuracy, completeness, or appropriateness for any particular purposes. Users of the information found in the listings assume full responsibility for their use of the information and understand that Kendall Environmental Surveys is not responsible or liable for any claim, loss, or damage resulting from its use.

CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling these plants and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted. Range plants having a known toxic or poisonous property may be so noted. Footnotes for plants whose sources may have cautionary statements, comments and information on rarely poisonous or suspected poisonous range plants may be shown in red (*00*). Many poisonous plants are similar in appearance to edible ones. No field collected plant should be eaten unless you know for a fact that it is safe for you to do so.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Township Notes

Conservation Related Organizations and Nurseries

Listing of Plants

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Gnetophyta: The Gnetophytes

Class Gnetopsida: The Gnetops

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

Class Liliopsida: The Monocots

Class Magnoliopsida: The Dicots

Listing of Animals

Kingdom Animalia: The Animal Kingdom

Subkingdom Metazoa: The Multicellular Animals

Section Protostomia: The Protosomes

Phylum Arthropoda: The Arthropods

Subphylum Mandibulata: The Mandibulates

Class Insecta: The Insects

Section Deuterostomia: The Deuterostomes

Phylum Chordata: The Chordates

Subphylum Vertebrata: The Vertebrates

Class Amphibia: The Amphibians

Class Mammalia: The Mammals

Class Reptilia: The Reptiles

Acknowledgements

Species Distribution Listings Footnotes and References

TOWNSHIP NOTES

LOCATION: This township is located in northwestern Pima County in south-central Arizona.

Historic Ranching Activities: Named stock tanks include the Hotshot Tank located on the Rio Cornez.

LANDMARKS: A portion of this township is located in the Valley of the Ajo. Nmed arroyos and washes include the Darby Arroyo, Rio Cornez, Tenmile Wash and Sikort Chuapo Wash.

ELEVATION: Elevations range from approximately 1,506 feet in the Sikort Chuapo Wash at the north township line to approximately 2,013 feet at a hill located on the west side of the Pozo Redondo Mountains north northwest of the southeast corner (1).

PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCE: This township is located within the Sonoran Desert Section of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (2).

SOILS: Soils have been described as being Hyperthermic (very hot) Arid Soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of more than 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Centigrade) and less than 10 inches (25 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Gilman-Antho-Valencia Association (deep soils on floodplains and alluvial fans), Gunsight-Rillito-Harqua Association (deep, gravelly, calcareous soils on the upper slopes) and the Rock Outcrop-Lomitas-Cherioni Association (rock outcrop and very shallow, and shallow soils on low hills and mountains) (3).

BIOTIC COMMUNITY: Portions of this township are located within the Lower Colorado River and Arizona Upland Subdivisions of the Sonoran Desertscrub Regional Formation of the Desertscrub Formation with associated Wetlands (4).

Map Printed from TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic

Map of Township and Adjacent Sections

A FEW OF THE NATIVE PLANTS REPORTED AS OCCURRING IN THIS TOWNSHIP THAT MIGHT BE CONSIDERED FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE AND RESTORATION PROJECTS

Trees and Large Shrubs (over 7 feet in height)

Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea - 5’ to 60’)

Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina - 2’ to 56’)

Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida - 40” to 40’)

Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis subsp. arcuata - 10’ to 33’)

Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota - 10’ to 33’)

Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens - 5’ to 33’)

Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla - 6’ to 26’)

Organ Pipe Cactus (Stenocereus thurberi - 5’ to 25’)

Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii - 40” to 25’)

Emory Crucifixion Thorn (Castela emoryi - 3’ to 15’)

Chain-fruit Cholla (Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida - 3’ to 15’)

Greythorn (Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens - 3’ to 13’)

Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata - 20” to 12’)

Fishhook Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni - 2’ to 11’)

Cane Cholla (Cylindropuntia spinosior - 16” to 10’)

Desert Broom (Baccharis sarothroides - 3’ to 10’)

Fourwing Saltbush (Atriplex canescens - 3’ to 8’)

Shrubs (2 to 7 feet in height)

Canyon Ragweed (Ambrosia ambrosioides - 1’ to 7’)

White Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa - 18” to 6’)

White Cheesebush (Hymenoclea salsola - 1’ to 6’)

Rough Jointfir (Ephedra aspera - 1’ to 5’)

White Rantany (Krameria grayi - 1’ to 5’)

Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea - 1’ to 4’)

White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa - 7” to 40”)

Grasses

Bush Muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri - 12” to 44”)

Desert Fluffgrass (Dasyochloa pulchella - 2” to 6”)

Shrubs (under 2’), Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents

Emory Globemallow (Sphaeralcea emoryi - 1’ to 5’)

Brownfoot (Acourtia wrightii - 12” to 52”)

Whitestem Paperflower (Psilostrophe cooperi - 4” to 30”)

Lacy Tansyaster (Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida - 6” to 16”)

CONSERVATION RELATED ORGANIZATIONS AND NURSERIES

Arizona Department of Agriculture

http://www.azda.gov/

The Arizona Department of Agriculture enforces the sections of the Arizona Revised Statutes commonly referred to as the “Arizona Native Plant Law”. The Native Plant Law requires, in part, that anyone who is clearing land notify the State of Arizona in advance of the clearing. Some land owners involved in the clearing of land allow for nurseries and people who are interested in salvaging plants to do so prior to the clearing. The Arizona Department of Agriculture posts these notifications in their county offices. You may also contact the Arizona Department of Agriculture and, for a fee, be put on a mailing list of people receiving copies of the Notices of Intent to Clear Land.

Contact Information: Arizona Department of Agriculture, 1688 West Adams Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85007; 602-542-4373.

Arizona Native Plant Society

http://aznps.org/

The Arizona Native Plant Society is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to Arizona's native plants. Its mission is to promote knowledge, appreciation, conservation, and restoration of Arizona native plants and their habitats. They work with the Southwest Rare Plant Task Force to develop strategies for protecting rare species and their habitats; they keep abreast of conservation issues concerning native plants species and responds to those through their Conservation Committee; they promote the use of native species in residential and commercial landscapes; they publish the Plant Press, support the publication of scholarly works and maintains a website with information and links about native plant, and they host a series of statewide events that provide forums to learn from professionals. Member activities and benefits include chapter and statewide gatherings; field trips and educational presentations; conservation through education, outreach and restoration; habitat restoration projects; informative website, newsletters and journals, and interactions with plant experts and enthusiasts.

LISTING OF SOURCES FOR NATIVE PLANTS AND SEEDS

The Arizona Native Plant Society maintains a listing of Native Plant and Seed Sources at: http://www.aznps.org/sources.html

Contact Information: Arizona Native Plant Society, PO Box 41206, Tucson, Arizona 85717.

Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society

http://www.tucsoncactus.org/

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.

NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts a tremendous amount of time and effort into the

organizing and overseeing of their rescue events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated

members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development. If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew member.

Contact Information: Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759; 520-885-6367.

Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery

http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp

The Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native plant for which there is a buyer.

Contact Information: Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713; 520-791-9309.

Native Seeds/SEARCH

http://www.nativeseeds.org

The Native Seeds/SEARCH is a nonprofit conservation organization that seeks to preserve the crop seeds that connect the Native American cultures to their lands. The mission of the Native Seeds/SEARCH is to conserve, distribute and document the adapted and diverse varieties of agricultural seeds, their wild relatives and the role these seeds play in the cultures of the American Southwest and Northwest Mexico.

Contact Information: Native Seeds/SEARCH, 526 North Fourth Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85705; 520-622-5561, toll free at 866-622-5561, FAX 520-622-5561; e-mail: info@nativeseeds.org

Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse

http://www.tohonochulpark.org/

The Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse offers for sale a wide variety of native and arid adapted plants. Many of these plants require minimal watering once they are established. Flowers, trees, bushes and seeds are sold throughout the year.

Contact Information: Tohono Chul Park, 7366 North Paseo del Norte, Tucson, Arizona 85704-4415; Information: 520-742-6455 (Greenhouse ext. 239), FAX: 520-797-1213, Russ Buhrow, Curator of Plants, 520-742-6455 ext. 234; e-mail: russbuhrow@tohonochulpark.org

Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson

The goal of Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson is to provide experienced care for injured and orphaned wild birds and mammals so that they can be released back into the wild. For assistance with an injured bird or mammal, please call 520-743-0217, briefly explain the situation, being sure to repeat your name and phone number before ending the call.

Contact Information: Lewis and Janet Miller, 3690 Hills of Gold, Tucson, Arizona 85745; 520-743-0217.

LISTING OF PLANTS

STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE PLANTS FROM

COLLECTION, MUTILATION AND DESTRUCTION

* numbers appearing between the asterisks relate to footnotes and sources of information*

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Gnetophyta: The Gnetophytes

CLASS GNETOPSIDA: The GNETOPS

Family Ephedraceae: The Mormon-tea Family

Ephedra aspera G. Engelmann ex S. Watson (5): Rough Jointfir

SYNONYMY: Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson var. aspera (G. Engelmann ex S. Watson) L.D. Benson. COMMON NAMES: Aspera Mormon Tea, Boundary Ephedra, Canatillo, Canutillo, Mormon Tea, Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Joint-fir, Pitamo Real (Hispanic), Popotillo (Hispanic), Rough Jointfir, Sanguinaria, Tepopote. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (1 to 5 feet in height, one plant was described as being 1 foot in height with a crown 4 feet in width) (6), the young dark green branches yellow with age, the production of strobili (female and male cones) generally takes place between January and June. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mountainsides; along rocky canyons; rocky ledges; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; gravelly flats; along arroyos; rocky ravines; sandy stream beds; along and in rocky and gravelly washes; sandy banks; terraces, and riparian areas in bouldery, rocky, gravelly and sandy soils and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,900 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Rough Jointfir may reach full size within 20 years living to be 100 years or more in age. This plant is browsed by wildlife, including the Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis). *5, 6, 13 (Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. var. aspera (Engelm.) L. Benson), 18 (gen.), 46 (Ephedra nevadensis Wats. var. aspera (Engelm.) L. Benson), 48 (gen.), 63 (051607), 77, 85 (081407), 91 (Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S. Watson), WTK (0605)*

Ephedra nevadensis var. aspera (see Ephedra aspera)

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

CLASS LILIOPSIDA: The MONOCOTS

Family Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family

Cynodon dactylon (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon (5): Bermudagrass

COMMON NAMES: Acabacahuiztle (Hispanic), Acacahuitzli (Nahuatl), Bermudagrass, Bramilla (Hispanic), Canzuuc (Maya), Devil Grass, European Bermuda Grass, Gallitos (Hispanic), Grama (Hispanic), Grama de la Costa (Hispanic), Gramilla (Hispanic), Grana (Hispanic), Guix-biguiñi (Zapoteco), Lan-suuk (Maya), Pasto Bermuda (Hispanic), Pasto Estrella (Hispanic), Pata de Gallo (Hispanic), Pata de Perdiz (Hispanic), Pata de Pollo (Hispanic), Tsakam Toom (Hispanic), Zacate (Hispanic), Zacate Bermuda (Hispanic), Zacate Borrego (Hispanic), Zacate Chino (Hispanic), Zacate del Conejo (Hispanic), Zacate Inglés (Hispanic), Zacate Pilillo (Hispanic), Zaruue (Hispanic). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial graminoid (a low-growing sodgrass, 4 to 24 inches in height) (6), the color of this grass has been described as being green or yellow-green, the florets purple, flowering generally takes place between mid-February and late November. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; canyons; buttes; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky outcrops; sand hummocks; plains; prairies; sandy flats; clayey valley bottoms; roadsides; sandy arroyo bottoms; seeps; springs; stream beds; along creeks; creek beds; along rivers; river beds; along and in sandy washes; drainages; along sandy banks of creeks, rivers and washes; cienegas; edges of ponds; beaches; edges of bogs; loamy bottom lands; flood plains; in and around stock tanks; along ditch banks; sandy riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery-cobbly-sandy, bouldery-sandy, rocky-cobbly-sandy, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils and rocky loam and gravelly loam soils, occurring from sea level to 6,400 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This green or yellow-green sodgrass cures to a yellow straw color after frost. EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. Bermudagrass is sometimes confused with another exotic species, Large Crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis, a species of similar general appearance. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 22 (color photograph), 30, 33, 46, 58, 63 (061407), 68, 77, 80 (Bermudagrass is listed as a Poisonous Cropland and Garden Plant. “Cattle grazing on Bermudagrass pasture may develop photosensitization, paralysis or a nervous syndrome.”), 85 (080907), 101 (color photograph), 105, 109, WTK (June 2005)*

Dasyochloa pulchella (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.L. von Wildenow ex P.A. Rydberg: Low Woollygrass

SYNONYMY: Erioneuron pulchellum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Tateoka, Tridens pulchellus (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock, Triodia pulchella K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth. COMMON NAMES: Desert Fluffgrass, Fluff Grass, Fluff-grass, Fluffgrass, Low Woollygrass, Oerennuak Grass, Zacate Borreguero. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial (often appearing to be an annual and also described as being a short-lived perennial) graminoid (a bunchgrass 2 to 6 inches in height), the color of this grass has been described as being bluish-green curing to a gray-white, the color of the flower green or silvery, flowering generally takes place between February and October (additional record: one for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky-sandy, gravelly and sandy-loamy mesas; rocky canyons; rocky talus slopes; ridge tops; ridgelines; meadows; foothills; rocky hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy, gravelly-sandy-loamy and sandy slopes; gravelly bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst rocks; sandy plains; cindery and gravelly flats; valleys; rocky, gravelly and sandy roadsides; stream beds; creek beds; along and in gravelly and sandy washes; along and in sandy drainages; marshes; benches; gravelly and sandy terraces; loamy bottom lands; flood plains; sandy riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, cindery, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly loam, gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils; sandy-gravelly clay and clay soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from 400 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This low, densely tufted perennial grass may be useful as an ornamental. This plant is browsed by the Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana). This plant is generally avoided by grazing animals. *5, 6, 15, 16, 33 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), 46 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), 58, 63 (040407), 77, 85 (110607), 105 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), WTK (June 2005)*

Erioneuron pulchellum (see Dasyochloa pulchellah)

Muhlenbergia porteri F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal: Bush Muhly

COMMON NAMES: Bakú (Tarahumara), Bush-grass, Bush Muhly, Hoe Grass, Liendrilla Amacollada (Hispanic), Mesquitegrass, Porter’s Muhlenbergia, Telaraña (Hispanic), Zacate Aparejo (Hispanic). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial graminoid (a bunchgrass, 12 to 44 inches in length and 18 inches to 10 feet in width, several plants were described as being 3 feet in height and 10 feet in width), the color of the stems has been described as being a dull green, the leaves green, purplish-green or yellow-green curing to buff, flowering generally takes place between late July and late October (additional record: one for late February), the seed heads are purplish covering the plant in a misty shroud. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky and stony-sandy mountainsides; mesas; bouldery and rocky canyons; rocky canyon sides; rocky cliffs; talus slopes; crevices in rocks; buttes; ledges; rocky ridge tops; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; along bouldery, rocky, rocky-loamy, gravelly and sandy slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; lava fields; dune-like areas of fine blow sand; gravelly plains; gravelly-sandy and sandy flats; valley bottoms; rocky and gravelly roadsides; rocky arroyos; gulches; ravines; bouldery stream beds; along rivers; along and in rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, gravelly and sandy washes; bouldery-cobbly and rocky drainages; around ponds; gravelly-sandy banks; gravelly terraces; sandy flood plains; mesquite bosques; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-cobbly, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky loam, rocky-clayey loam, cobbly-sandy loam, gravelly loam, sandy loam and loam soils; gravelly clay soils, and sandy silty and silty soils, occurring from 900 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. In areas where it occurs naturally, consider including Bush Muhly seed in all reseeding mixtures. When re-vegetating desert washes consider planting Bush Muhly along with Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta), Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii), Limberbush (Jatropha cardiophylla), Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea) and White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa). Bush Muhly is browsed by the Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis subsp. mexicana). *5, 6, 15, 16, 30, 33, 46, 48, 58, 63 (051907), 77, 85 (110607), 105 (“This was formerly one of the most abundant and important grasses of southern Arizona, but is found now largely as individual plants under the protection of shrubs. ... Where possible this grass should be allowed to set a full crop of seed during the summer growing season at least every second or third year. Deferment of grazing during July and August every year is recommended on run-down ranges.”), WTK (June 2005)*

Schismus barbatus (P. Loefling ex C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung: Common Mediterranean Grass

COMMON NAMES: Common Mediterranean Grass, Mediterraneangrass, Zacate Mediterrane Comun. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual graminoid (1 to 14 inches in height), flowering generally takes place between November and mid-May. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky cliffs; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; rocky talus; rocky ridges; hill tops; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; sand dunes; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; roadsides; along streams; along gravelly-sandy creek beds; along rivers; gravelly river beds; gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy banks; benches; gravelly terraces; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-gravelly, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from 400 to 4,500 feet (one record at 7,880 feet) in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22 (color photograph), 33, 46, 58, 63 (040407), 68, 77, 85 (081507), WTK (June 2005)*

Tridens pulchellus (see Dasyochloa pulchella)

Triodia pulchella (see Dasyochloa pulchella)

CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA: The DICOTS

Family Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family

Amaranthus fimbriatus (J. Torrey) G. Bentham ex S. Watson (5): Fringed Amaranth

SYNONYMY: Amaranthus fimbriatus (J. Torrey) G. Bentham ex S. Watson var. fimbriatus (J. Torrey) G. Bentham ex S. Watson [superfluous autonym]. COMMON NAMES: Bledo, Fringed Amaranth, Fringed Pigweed, Guey Cimarron (Mayo), Quelite, Quelite Cimarron (Mayo), Quelitillo, Siim (Seri), Toothed Amaranth, Wee’e (Yaqui), Ziim C ic (Seri). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual forb/herb (10 to 64 inches in height) (6), the color of the plant has been described as being green, pinkish-purple, pink-red or red, the flowers (in spikes) pinkish-white or white, flowering generally takes place between early March and late November (additional record: one record for mid December), the fruits are pinkish-purple. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; cliffs; canyons; canyon bottoms; foothills; bouldery and rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders; sand hills; sand dunes; sand hummocks; plains; sandy flats; crater floors; valleys; coastal dunes; railroad right-of-ways; roadsides; draws; springs; river beds; along and in rocky and sandy washes; playas; marshes; along banks of rivers; sandy beaches; sandy shores; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-sandy, rocky and sandy soils; gravelly loam soils; sandy clay soils, and silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. *5, 6, 15, 16, 46 63 (070207), 68, 85 (081507)*

Amaranthus fimbriatus var. fimbriatus: (see Amaranthus fimbriatus)

Family Asteraceae (Compositae): The Aster Family

Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King: Brownfoot

SYNONYMY: Perezia wrightii A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: Brownfoot, Desert Holly, Perezia, Pink Perezia. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb (12 to 52 inches in height, one plant was recorded as being 12 inches in height with a crown 12 inches in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being dark green (and holly-like), the flowers lavender, pink, pink-brown, pink-lavender, pinkish-purple, purple, white, white and pink or whitish-maroon, flowering generally takes place between early February and early July and sometimes in autumn between early September and early November (additional records: one for late November and one for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; plateaus; rock cliffs; rocky canyons; rocky canyon bottoms; crater walls; talus slopes; bases of cliffs; buttes; along ledges; ridges; ridge tops; foothills; rocky, stony-gravelly and sandy hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; gravelly bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; rocky plains; rocky flats; railroad right-of-ways; roadsides; along arroyos; gullies; ravines; seeps; along creeks; along rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; along drainages; rocky banks of streams; beaches; river basins; flood plains; mesquite bosques; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; bouldery, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony-gravelly, gravelly and sandy soils; rocky silty loam, sandy loam, silty-clayey loam and silty loam soils, and silty soils, occurring from 700 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reportedly fragrant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46, 58, 63 (040507), 77, 85 (081507), WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia ambrosioides (A.J. Cavanilles) W.W. Payne: Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed

SYNONYMY: Franseria ambrosioides A.J. Cavanilles. COMMON NAMES: Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed, Burr Sage, Bur-sage, Bursage, Canyon Ragweed, Chicura (Hispanic), Leaf Burr Ragweed, Nu Nu Ju Its (Tohono O’odham), Tinkl (Seri). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial cold- and drought-deciduous subshrub or shrub (1 to 7 feet in height), the color of the branches has been described as being reddish-brown with white hairs, the leaves dull gray-green or green, the flowers yellowish or yellowish-green, flowering generally takes place between mid-February and early May (additional records: two for mid-January, one for early June, one for mid-June and one for mid-September), the fruits are burrs. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; rocky, gravelly and gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; bases of cliffs; crevices in rocks; foothills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; rocky outcrops; soil pockets in rocks; plains; coastal plains; along roadsides; arroyos; arroyo bottoms; along seeping streams; along streams; rocky and sandy stream beds; along creeks; creek beds; along rivers; river beds; along and in rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; along sandy drainages; rocky and sandy banks; around water holes; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky loam and sandy-clayey loam soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria ambrosioides Cav.), 63 (040707), 77 (color photograph #67), 85 (081507), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia deltoidea (J. Torrey) F.W. Payne: Triangle Burr Ragweed

SYNONYMY: Franseria deltoidea J. Torrey. COMMON NAMES: Burrobush, Bur-sage, Bursage, Chamizo Forrajero, Chicurilla, Rabbit Bush, Kokomak Segoi (Pima), Shegoi (Pima), Todshag (Papago), Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle-leaf Bursage, Triangle-leaved Bursage, Triangle-leaf Burr Ragweed. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (1 to 4 feet in height), the color of the leaves has been described as being gray, gray-green or green, the flowers greenish, greenish-yellow, purple or white, flowering generally takes place between early January and late April. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; ridges; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; lava flows; dunes; sandy plains; rocky, gravelly and sandy flats; valleys; roadsides; around seeping streams; runnels; river beds; along sandy washes; rocky banks of creeks; gravelly terraces, and flood plains in desert pavement; rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam soils, and rocky clay, gravelly clay and sandy clay soils, occurring from 100 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Triangleleaf Bursage serves as a nurse plant for Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria deltoidea Torr.), 63 (040707), 77 (color photograph #68), 85 (081607), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) F.W. Payne: Burrobush

SYNONYMY: Franseria dumosa A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: Burro Bush, Burrobush, Burro Weed, Burro-weed, Burroweed, Bur Sage, Bur-sage, Chamizo, Chicurilla, Hierba del Burro, White Bur-sage, White Bursage, White Burrobush. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial cold- and drought-deciduous subshrub or shrub (7 to 40 inches in height, one low mound-shaped plant was reported to be 40 inches in width), the color of the branches has been described as being gray, tan or white, the leaves blue-green-gray, gray-green or white-tomentose, the flowers cream, cream-yellow, greenish, green-yellow or yellow, flowering generally takes place between early February and late April (additional records: one for early January, one for mid-January, two for mid-May, one for mid-June, one for late June, four for late September, one for early October, one for mid-November, one for late November and two for mid-December), the fruits are spiny burs. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mountainsides; gravelly mesas; canyons; buttes; ridges; bouldery ridge tops; rocky hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; alluvial fans; bajadas; amongst boulders; lava fields; sand hills; sand dunes; gravelly plains; gravelly and sandy flats; sand sheets; sandy valleys; gravelly roadsides; arroyos; along sandy washes; banks of stream beds and washes; benches; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, and may live to be more than 100 years of age with an estimated average longevity of 35.7 years. This plant is a host for the parasitic Sand Root (Pholisma sonorae). In the re-vegetation of disturbed sites more success may be achieved through the use of transplanted plants than from over-seeding. White Bursage serves as a nurse plant for Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria dumosa Gray), 63 (040907), 77, 85 (081707), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia salsola (see footnote 85 under Hymenoclea salsola)

Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Desertbroom

COMMON NAMES: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Caasot Caocl (Seri), Desert Broom, Desert-broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush, Rosin-brush, Soosk Vaks “Wet Shoes” (Maricopa?). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height, one plant 40 inches in height was described as being 40 inches in width), the color of the foliage has been described as being bright green or yellow-green, the flowers (dioecious) cream, rust, white or yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-September and late February (additional records: one for mid-March, two for late March, two for mid-April, one for late April, one for mid-July, one for early August and one for late August). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyons; canyon bottoms; chasms; ridges; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; sandy plains; flats; valley floors; roadsides; along arroyos; sandy arroyo bottoms; gullies; springs; along streams; stream beds; along creeks; gravelly creek beds; along rivers; gravelly river beds; gravelly and sandy washes; playas; along gravelly and sandy banks of arroyos and washes; beaches; flood plains; bottom lands; along drainage ditches; along canals; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils and clay soils, occurring from sea level to 5,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, consider planting only male plants to eliminate seed production. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 26 (color photograph), 28 (color photograph), 46, 48, 58, 63 (040907), 77, 85 (082007), WTK (June 2005)*

Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray: Button Brittlebush

SYNONYMY: Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray var. frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray [superfluous autonym]. COMMON NAMES: Button Brittlebush, Green Brittlebush, Green Brittle Bush, Rayless Encelia. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial (leaves are drought deciduous) shrub (1 to 5 feet in height and to 3 feet in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being dark green or gray-green and shiny on the upper surface, the disk flowers yellow or yellow-orange (disk flowers only, no ray flowers), flowering generally takes place between mid-March and early October (additional records: two for late February, four for late October, one for early November, one for mid-November, two for late November and two for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; plateaus; cliff tops; rim rock; canyons; bouldery-gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; bluffs; buttes; foothills; hills; hill tops; hillsides; bouldery, rocky and sandy slopes; bajadas; sand dunes; plains; sandy flats; valley bottoms; roadsides; gulches; seeps; along sandy washes; rocky drainages; sandy margins of creeks; flood plains, and sandy disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-gravelly-sandy, rocky and sandy soils; rocky loam soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 6,400 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46, 63 (041007), 77, 85 (082107), 91*

Encelia frutescens var. frutescens (see Encelia frutescens)

Franseria ambrosioides (see Ambrosia ambrosioides)

Franseria deltoidea (see Ambrosia deltoidea)

Franseria dumosa (see Ambrosia dumosa)

Haplopappus spinulosus (see Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida)

Haplopappus spinulosus var. australis (see Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida)

Haplopappus spinulosus var. turbinellus (see Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida)

Hymenoclea salsola J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Burrobrush

COMMON NAMES: Burro Brush, Burrobrush, Cheeseweed, Ivdat (Pima), Jecota, Romerillo, White Burrobrush, White Burrobush, White Burro-bush, White Cheesebush. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub (1 to 7 feet in height, one plant was reported to be 3 feet in height and 2 feet in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being creamish-green, dark green or yellow-green, the flowers cream, creamish-green, metallic gold, silvery, silvery-white, white or light yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-February and late May, the fruit has silvery-white wings. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky canyons; buttes; cinder cones; foothills; rocky and sandy hills; rocky, cindery and sandy slopes; bajadas; sand dunes; sandy plains; sandy flats; valleys; along rocky and sandy roadsides; arroyos; arroyo bottoms; gullies; gravelly-sandy ravines; stream beds; along rivers; sandy river beds; along gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy drainages; around ponds; rocky-gravelly banks; bouldery beaches; loamy bottom lands; flood plains, and disturbed areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony, cindery, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; clayey loam and loam soils, and sandy silty and silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. White Cheesebush may be useful in the re-vegetation of disturbed sites. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (070807), 85 (also recorded as Ambrosia salsola (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J.L. Strother & B.G. Baldwin - 082307), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Hymenothrix wislizeni A. Gray: TransPecos Thimblehead

COMMON NAMES: Golden Ragweed, TransPecos Thimblehead, Wislizenus Beeflower, Yellow Thimblehead. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (8 to 40 inches in height), the color of the ray and disc flowers has been described as being green-yellow or yellow, flowering generally takes place between early June and late November (additional record: one for late March). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; clefts in cliffs; buttes; meadows; foothills; stony-gravelly hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; along gravelly-silty roadsides; along rivers; along rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy banks; terraces; flood plains; around stock tanks, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-sandy, stony-gravelly, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky-clayey loam soils; gravelly clay soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from 1,300 to 6,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. *5, 6, 15, 16, 46, 58, 63 (062107), 77, 85 (110607), WTK (June 2005)*

Machaeranthera pinnatifida (W.J. Hooker) L.H. Shinners subsp. pinnatifida: Lacy Tansyaster

COMMON NAMES: Cutleaf Ironplant Lacy Tansyaster, Spiny Haplopappus Yellow Spiny Daisy. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (6 to 16 inches in height), the foliage is gray-green, the ray flowers are purple or yellow and the disk flowers are yellow, flowering (see footnote 46) generally takes place between mid-February and mid-December (flowering records: one for mid-February, three for mid-March, one for late March, three for early April, four for mid-April, two for late April, four for early May, two for mid-May, one for late May, two for early June, one for mid-June, one for late June, three for early July, two for mid-July, two for mid-August, one for early September, one for mid-September, one for late October, one for late November and one for mid-December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; cliffs; canyon bluffs; talus slopes; along rocky-sandy rims of craters; bouldery hillsides; rocky slopes; gravelly bajadas; amongst boulders; gravelly and clayey flats; along roadsides; arroyos; banks of rivers; sandy benches; dry bottoms of stock tanks (charcos), and disturbed areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly and sandy soils and clay soils, occurring from 1,500 to 7,200 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16 (sp.), 46 (shows the flowering period for the species (Aplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC.) as being from March to October - Aplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC., Aplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC. var. turbinellus (Rydb.) Blake), 58, 63 (111307), 77, 80 (Species of the genus Machaeranthera (Aster sp.) are listed as a Rarely Poisonous and Suspected Poisonous Range Plant. “Species of this genus are secondary or facultative selenium absorbers and can be dangerous to livestock.”), 85 (012608), 86 (color photograph - (Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida) Haplopappus spinulosus)*

Machaeranthera pinnatifida (W.J. Hooker) L.H. Shinners subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida: Lacy Tansyaster

SYNONYMY: Haplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Candolle, Haplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. australis (E.L. Greene) H.M. Hall,