October 17, 2005 Update

TOWNSHIP 11 SOUTH, RANGE 08 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA

Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian

Major Contributors and Sources: The major portion of the animals and plants included in this listing came from the following publication: Vascular Plants of Ragged Top, compiled by John F. Wiens from 1987 - 2000, The Arizona Native Plant Society, Plant Press, Volume 25 Number 1, Spring 2001. William T. Kendall. Special Status Species Reports - Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data Management System.

Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.

Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the lists unless they have become naturalized in the surrounding native environment.

Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.

Appreciation is expressed to the officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Pima County and local government offices for the protection provided to our native animals and plants.

Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.

DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.

CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at the site where they are to be planted.

Township Notes

Location: This township is located in north-central Pima County in south-central Arizona. This township is bounded on the north by the Pima / Pinal County Line. Portions of this township are located within the Ironwood Forest National Monument.

Landmarks: The northern portion of the Silver Bell Mountains is located in the south half of this township. The southwest end of the Samaniego Hills is located in the northeast corner of the township. Named peaks in the township include: Jesuit Hill, Malpais Hill (2,682 feet, Quartzite Peak, Ragged Top (3,907 feet) and Wolcott Peak (3,327 feet). Named washes include the El Tiro Wash and Silver Bell Wash.

Elevation: Elevations range from approximately 1,825 feet at the northwest corner to 3,907 feet at Ragged Top located in the southeast quarter (1).

This photograph was taken looking southeast toward Ragged Top. A few of the plants reported from this township that might be useful in landscaping and restoration include Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea), Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida), Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota), Sonora Rosewood (Vauquelinia californica subsp. sonorensis), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla), Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii), Desert Hackberry (Celtis pallida), Rosary Babybonnets (Coursetia glandulosa), Chain-fruit Cholla (Opuntia fulgida var. fulgida), Fishhook Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni), Kearney Condalia (Condalia warnockii), Desert Lavender (Hyptis emoryi), Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta), Greythorn (Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens), Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata), Desert Honeysuckle (Anisacanthus thurberi), Arizona Yucca (Yucca baccata var. brevifolia), Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), Ragged Rockflower (Crossosoma bigelovii), Pancake Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia chlorotica), Limber Bush (Jatropha cardiophylla), Four-wing Saltbush (Atriplex canescens var. canescens), Wright Sacaton (Sporobolus wrightii), Wright Beebrush (Aloysia wrightii), Desert Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii), Arizona Cottontop (Digitaria californica), Pipevine Flower (Aristolochia watsoni), Pineneedle Milkweed (Asclepias linaria), Canyon Ragweed (Ambrosia ambrosioides), Sand Dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), Parry Penstemon (Penstemon parryi), Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), White Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa), Tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus), Plains Bristlegrass (Setaria vulpiseta), Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea), White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa), Brownfoot (Acourtia wrightii), Burroweed (Isocoma tenuisecta), American Treefold (Trixis californica), Cooper Paperflower (Psilostrophe cooperi), Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla var. eriophylla), Coulter Hibiscus (Hibiscus coulteri), Nichol Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus nicholii), Bare-stem Larkspur (Delphinium scaposum), Rock Hibiscus (Hibiscus denudatus), Wright Buckwheat (Eriogonum wrightii), Bundle Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. fasciculatus), Fingerleaf Gourd (Cucurbita digitata), Desert Onion (Allium macropetalum), Yellow Menodora (Menodora scabra), Bluedicks (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. pauciflorum), Desert Senna (Senna covesii), Slender Janusia (Janusia gracilis), Climbing Plumbago (Plumbago scandens), Common Dogweed (Thymophylla pentachaeta var. pentachaeta), Deseret Zinnia (Zinnia acerosa), Desert Mariposa Lily (Calochortus kennedyi), Woody Crinklemat (Tiquilia canescens var. canescens), Southwestern Mock Vervain (Glandularia gooddingii), Summer Poppy (Kallstroemia grandiflora), Desert Unicorn-plant (Proboscidea althaeifolia), Graham Pincushion Cactus (Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii), Desert Fluffgrass (Dasyochloa pulchella), Desert Holly (Acourtia nana) and Desert Windflower (Anemone tuberosa var. tuberosa). WTK May 2005

Physiographic Province: This township is located within the Sonoran Desert Section of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (2).

Soil: Soils are described as hyperthermic (very hot) arid soils of the Gilman-Antho-Valencia Association (deep soils on floodplains and alluvial fans), Gunsight-Rillito-Harqua Association (deep, gravelly, calcareous soils on the upper slopes) and the Rock Outcrop-Lomitas-Cherioni Association (rock outcrops and very shallow, and shallow soils on low hills and mountains), and thermic (hot) arid and semi arid soils of the Pinaleno-Nickel-Palos Verdes Association (deep, arid, gravelly soils on deeply dissected uplands) and the Rock Outcrop-Lampshire-Cellar Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow semiarid soils of the mountains and foothills) (3).

Biotic Community: This township is located within the Arizona Upland Subdivision of the Sonoran Desertscrub Regional Formation of the Desertscrub Formation with associated Wetlands (4).

Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic

Map of Township Showing Adjacent Sections

The ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY

The ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to Arizona's native plants. Its mission is to promote knowledge, appreciation, conservation, and restoration of Arizona native plants and their habitats. They work with the Southwest Rare Plant Task Force to develop strategies for protecting rare species and their habitats; they keep abreast of conservation issues concerning native plants species and responds to those through their Conservation Committee; they promote the use of native species in residential and commercial landscapes; they publish the Plant Press, support the publication of scholarly works and maintains a website with information and links about native plant, and they host a series of statewide events that provide forums to learn from professionals. Member activities and benefits include chapter and statewide gatherings; field trips and educational presentations; conservation through education, outreach and restoration; habitat restoration projects; informative website, newsletters and journals, and interactions with plant experts and enthusiasts. Contact: Arizona Native Plant Society, PO Box 41206, Tucson, Arizona 85717.

http://aznps.org/

The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY

The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native plant for which there is a buyer. Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.

http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp

The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY

The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.

NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTE

(The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts a tremendous amount of time and effort into the

organizing and overseeing of their rescue events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated

members of the Society provides an immeasurable service to our community.)

The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development. If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew member.

Contact: Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759, 520-885-6367.

http://www.tucsoncactus.org/

PLANTS

Acanthaceae: The Acanthus Family

Anisacanthus thurberi (J. Torrey) A. Gray (5): Anisacanthus, Chuparosa, Colegayo, Desert Honeysuckle, Thurber Anisacanthus, Thurber’s Desert-honeysuckle (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 8 feet high) (6); within range reported from canyon bottoms and along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; this plant is browsed by wildlife; the flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds)

Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray: Arizona Carlowrightia, Arizona Wrightwort, Lemilla, Rama de Toro, Wrightwort (terrestrial annual or perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 2,500 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Justicia californica (G. Bentham) D. Gibson (Beloperone californica G. Bentham): Beloperone, California Beloperone, California Justicia, Chuparosa, Desert Hummingbird Bush, Honeysuckle, Hummingbird-bush, Water-willow (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 6 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes and watercourses 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; the nectar-rich flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and eaten by linnets and sparrows)

Siphonoglossa longiflora (J. Torrey) A. Gray (Justicia longii R.A. Hilsenbeck): Long-flowered Justicia, Longflowered Tubetongue, Tubetongue, White Needle Flower (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from canyons and rocky slopes 3,000 to 4,000 feet elevation; this plant is browsed by wildlife)

Agavaceae: The Century-plant Family

Yucca baccata J. Torrey var. brevifolia (H.W. Schott ex J. Torrey) L. Benson & R.A. Darrow (Yucca arizonica S.A. McKelvey, Yucca thornberi S.A. McKelvey): Arizona Yucca, Banana Yucca, Datil, Palma Criolla, Spanish Dagger, Thornber Yucca (terrestrial perennial evergreen herb, subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet high with a flowering stalk reaching to 5 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family

Amaranthus albus C. Linnaeus (Amaranthus graecizans auct. non C. Linnaeus): Cochino, Prostrate Amaranth, Prostrate Pigweed, Quelite Manchado, Stiff Tumbleweed, Tumbleweed, Tumbleweed Amaranth, Tumble Pigweed, White Amaranth, White Pigweed (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from roadsides and disturbed areas 1,500 to 8,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Amaranthus fimbriatus (J. Torrey) G. Bentham ex S. Watson: Bledo, Fringed Amaranth, Fringed Pigweed, Quelite, Quelitillo, Toothed Amaranth (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, sandy flats and washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson: Bledo, Carelessweed, Palmer Amaranth, Palmer Pigweed, Pigweed, Red-root Pigweed, Quelite, Quiltite de las Aguas (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas below 5,500 feet elevation)

Amaranthus tucsonensis J.S. Henrickson: Tucson Amaranth, Tucson Pigweed (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes 2,600 to 4,700 feet elevation. Unable to locate in BONAP, or NRCS Plants Database)

Tidestromia lanuginosa (T. Nuttall) P.C. Standley: Espanta Vaqueras, Herba Lanuda, Hierba Ceniza, Honeysweet, Woolly Honeysweet, Woolly Tidestromia (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas below 5,500 feet elevation)

Apiaceae: The Carrot Family

(Umbelliferae: The Parsley Family)

Bowlesia incana H. Ruiz Lopez & J.A. Pavon: American Bowlesia, Hairy Bowlesia, Hoary Bowlesia (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed areas 1,000 to 3,500 feet elevation)

Daucus pusillus A. Michaux: American Carrot, American Wild Carrot, Rattlesnake Weed, Southwestern Carrot, Wild Carrot, Zanahoria Silvestre (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and floodplains below 4,000 feet elevation)

Spermolepis echinata (T. Nuttall ex A.P. de Condolle) A.A. Heller: Beggar’s Lice, Bristly Scaleseed, Scaleseed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Yabea microcarpa (W.J. Hooker & G.A Arnott) B.M. Koso-Poljansky (Caucalis microcarpa W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott): California Hedge Parsley, False Carrot, Hedge Parsley, Wild Parsley (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and gravelly flats below 4,500 feet elevation)

Apocynacaeae: The Dogbane Family

Haplophyton crooksii (L. Benson) L. Benson (Haplophyton cimcidium auct. non A.L. de Candolle, Haplophyton cimcidium var. crooksii L. Benson): Actimpatli, Atempatli, Arizona Cockroach Plant, Cockroach-plant, Crooks Cockroachplant, Hierba-de-la-cucuracha (terrestrial subshrub; within range reported from canyons and rocky slopes 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Aristolochiaceae: The Birthwort Family

Aristolochia watsoni E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley: Dutchman’s Pipevine, Hierba del Indio, Indian-root, Pipevine Flower, Raiz del Indio, Watson’s Dutchman’s Pipe, Watson Indian Root (terrestrial perennial herbaceous vine; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Asclepiadaceae: The Milkweed Family

Asclepias linaria A.J. Cavanilles: Hierba de Cuervo, Pineneedle Milkweed (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from mesas and rocky slopes 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Asclepias nyctaginifolia A. Gray: Four O’clock Milkweed, Hierba Lechosa, Mojave Milkweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, plains, along washes and disturbed areas 1,500 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Cynanchum arizonicum (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Metastelma arizonicum A. Gray): Arizona Smallwort, Arizona Swallow-wort, Milkweed Vine (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or vine; within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 1,500 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Funastrum cynanchoides (J. Decaisne) F.R. Schlechter subsp. heterophyllum (A.M. Vail) J.T. Kartesz (Funastrum heterophyllum (G. Engelmann) P.C. Standley, Sarcostemma cynanchoides J. Decaisne subsp. hartwegii (A.M. Vail) L.H. Shinners): Climbing Milkweed, Guirote Lechosa, Hartweg Climbing Milkweed, Hartweg’s Twinevine (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from canyons and along washes below 5,500 feet elevation)

Matelea arizonica (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Lachnostoma arizonicum A. Gray): Arizona Milkvine (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from canyons and along washes and streams 3,500 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Matelea parvifolia (J. Torrey) R.E. Woodson (Gonolobus parvifolius J. Torrey): Anglepod, Little Leaf Milk Vine, Milkweed Vine, Small-leaved Milkvine, Spearleaf (terrestrial perennial vine, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes and gravelly flats 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Asteraceae: The Aster Family

(Compositae: The Sunflower Family)

Acourtia nana (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia nana A. Gray): Desert Holly, Dwarf Desertpeony (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, slopes and gravelly flats below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia wrightii A. Gray): Brownfoot, Desert Holly, Perezia, Pink Perezia (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, gravelly bajadas and flats below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Adenophyllum porophylloides (A. Gray) J.L. Strother (Dyssodia porophylloides A. Gray): San Felipe Adenophyllum, San Felipe Dogweed, San Felipe Dyssodia, San Felipe Fetid Marigold (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats and washes below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ambrosia ambrosioides (A.J. Cavanilles) F.W. Payne (Franseria ambrosioides A.J. Cavanilles): Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed, Canyon Ragweed, Chicura, Leaf Burr Ragweed (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 4 feet high); within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, rock crevices, roadsides, washes and streambeds below 4,500 feet elevation)

Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Condolle (Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Condolle) P.A. Rydberg): Altamisa de Playa, Bursage Ragweed, Estafiate, Field Ragweed, Slimleaf Bursage, Weakleaf Burr Ragweed, Weak-leaved Burweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes, roadsides, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)

Ambrosia deltoidea (J. Torrey) F.W. Payne (Franseria deltoidea J. Torrey): Burrobush, Bursage, Chamizo Forrajero, Chicurilla, Rabbit Bush, Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle-leaf Bursage, Triangle-leaf Burr Ragweed (terrestrial evergreen perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats and washes 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) F.W. Payne (Franseria dumosa A. Gray): Burrobush, Burro Weed, Chamizo, Chicurilla, Hierba del Burro, White Bursage, White Burrobush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, dunes and gravelly flats below 3,000 feet elevation; ,useful as an ornamental)

Antheropeas lanosum (A. Gray) P.A. Rydberg (Eriophyllum lanosum (A. Gray) A. Gray): White Easterbonnets, Woolly Daisy, Woolly Eriophyllum (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas and rocky and gravelly flats 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)

Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Desert Broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 10 feet high); within range reported from hills, flats, roadsides, along washes and streambeds, floodplains, bottom lands and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, consider planting male plants only to eliminate seed production)

Baileya multiradiata W.H. Harvey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Baileya del Desierto, Desert Baileya, Desert Marigold, Hierba Amarilla, Many-flowered Desert-marigold, Paper Daisy, Wild Marigold (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, sandy gravelly flats, roadsides and washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Bebbia juncea (G. Bentham) E.L. Greene: Chuckwalla Delight, Junco, Sweetbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along sandy washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Brickellia baccharidea A. Gray: Brickellbush, Resinleaf Brickellbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes and boulder crevices often on limestone 500 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Brickellia californica (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray: Brickellbush, California Brickellbush, Pachaba (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from canyons, cliffs, rocky slopes and flats and along washes 3,000 to 7,500 feet elevation)

Brickellia coulteri A. Gray: Brickellbush, Coulter’s Brickellbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, floodplains and along washes and streambeds below 4,500 feet elevation)

Chaenactis carphoclinia A. Gray: Broadleaved Chaenactis, False Yarrow, Pebble False-yarrow, Pebble Pincushion, Pincushion Flower (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, plains and along washes below 3,000 feet elevation)

Chaenactis stevioides W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott: Broad-leaved Chaenactis, Desert Pincushion, Esteve False-yarrow, Esteve Pincushion, Pincushion Flower, Steve’s Dustymaiden (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)

Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey: Brittlebush, Button Brittlebush, Goldenhills, Hierba Cenisa, Hierba de Gusano, Hierba de las Animas, Hierba del Vaso, Incienso, Rama Blanca, White Brittlebush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, flats and washes below 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ericameria cuneata (A. Gray) A.J. McClatchie var. spathulata (A. Gray) W. Hall (Haplopappus cuneatus A. Gray var. spathulatus (A. Gray) J. Blake ex P.A. Munz): Cliff Goldenbush, Desert Rock Goldenbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky ledges and crevices in boulders 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus (Aplopappus) laricifolius A. Gray): Larch-leaf Goldenweed, Turpentine Bush, Turpentine Brush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes and flats 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Erigeron divergens J. Torrey & A. Gray: Diffuse Daisy, Fleabane, Fleabane Daisy, Green Rabbit Bush, Spreading Fleabane (terrestrial long lived annual or biennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and floodplains 1,000 to 9,000 feet elevation)

Erigeron lobatus A. Nelson: Desert Fleabane, Fleabanne, Lobed Fleabane (terrestrial annual or biennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, plains and along washes 1,500 to 3,000 feet elevation)

Eupatorium solidaginifolium A. Gray (Koanophyllon solidaginifolium (A. Gray) G. King & H.E. Robbins): Boneset, Shrubby Thoroughwort (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within range reported from rocky canyons and rocky slopes 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Filago arizonica A. Gray: Arizona Cottonrose, Arizona Filago, Arizona Fluffweed, Arizona Herba Impia (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, ridges and rocky and gravelly flats 1,000 to 2,500 feet elevation)

Filago californica T. Nuttall: California Cottonrose, California Filago, California Fluffweed, Herba Impia (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, hills and along washes 500 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Filago depressa A. Gray: Dwarf Cottonrose, Dwarf Filago (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 2,000 to 3,500 feet elevation)

Gutierrezia microcephala (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray: Sticky Snakeweed, Threadleaf Snakeweed, Three-leaf Snakeweed (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 3,500 to 6,500 feet elevation)

Gymnosperma glutinosum (C.P. Sprengel) C.F. Lessing (Selloa glutinosa C.P. Sprengel): Cola de Zorro, Escobilla, Glutinous Gymnosperma, Gumhead, Hierba Pegajosa, Jarilla, Jucu Ndede, Mariquita, Motita, Moto, Nakedseed Weed, Pegajosa, Tatalencho, Tata Lencho, Xonequilitl, Zazal (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, washes and streambeds 1,000 feet to 6,000 feet elevation)

Helianthus petiolaris T. Nuttall: Girasol, Narrowleaf Sunflower, Pikkuauringonkukka, Plains Sunflower, Prairie Sunflower, Sand Sunflower, Wild Sunflower (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from roadsides and floodplains 500 to 7,500 feet. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Heterotheca psammophila R. Wagenknecht (Heterotheca subaxillaris (J.B. de Lamarck) N.L. Britton & H.H. Rusby sensu T.H. Kearney & R.H. Peebles): Camphorweed, Golden Aster, Gordolobo, Telegraph Plant (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from roadsides, ditches, floodplains and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Hymenoclea salsola J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Burrobrush, Cheeseweed, Jecota, Romerillo, White Burrobrush, White Cheesebush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, flats, arroyos, sandy washes, streambeds. alluvial plains and disturbed areas below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Hymenothrix wislizeni A. Gray: Golden Ragweed, TransPecos Thimblehead, Wislizenus Beeflower (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)

Isocoma tenuisecta E.L. Greene (Aplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake, Haplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Burroweed, Hierba del Burrow (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Lactuca serriola C. Linnaeus: China Lettuce, Compass Plant, Horse Thistle, Milk Thistle, Prickly Lettuce, Wild Lettuce, Wild Opium (terrestrial annual or biennial herb; within range reported from gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and waste land 1,000 to 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Machaeranthera pinnatifida (W.J. Hooker) L.H. Shinners subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida (Aplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Condolle var. turbinellus (P.A. Rydberg) J. Blake), Haplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Condolle var. turbinellus (P.A. Rydberg) J. Blake): Cutleaf Ironplant Lacy Tansyaster, Spiny Haplopappus (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)

Malacothrix clevelandii A. Gray: Annual Malacothrix, Cleveland’s Desertdandelion, Cleveland Yellow Saucers (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, washes and streams 2,500 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Malacothrix glabrata (A. Gray ex D.C. Eaton) A. Gray (Malacothrix californica var. glabrata A. Gray ex D.C. Eaton): California Desert-dandelion, Desert Dandelion, Smooth Desertdandelion (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and washes below 7,000 feet elevation)

Matricaria discoidea A.P. de Condolle (Matricaria matricarioides (C.F. Lessing) T.C. Porter): Disc Mayweed, False Chamomile, Manzanilla, Pineapple Weed, Rayless Chamomile (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, river bottoms, waste places and disturbed areas below 2,500 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Monoptilon bellioides (A. Gray) H.M. Hall: Desert Daisy, Mohave Desertstar, Rock Daisy (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes 200 to 3,500 feet elevation)

Pectis cylindrica (M.L. Fernald) P.A. Rydberg: Sonoran Cinchweed, Summer Mat (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas and plains 1,500 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Pectis papposa W.H. Harvey & A. Gray: Chinchweed, Chinchweed Fetidmarigold, Desert Chinchweed, Fetid Marigold, Limoncillo, Manybristle Chinchweed, Manzanilla de Coyote (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, streambeds and washes below 6,000 feet elevation)

Perityle emoryi J. Torrey: Desert Rock Daisy, Emory’s Rockdaisy, Emory Rocklily (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from cliffs, rocky slopes, boulder crevices and washes below 3,000 feet elevation)

Porophyllum gracile G. Bentham: Deerweed, Hierba del Venado, Odora, Poreleaf, Slender Poreleaf (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Pseudognaphalium canescens (A.P. de Condolle) W.A. Weber subsp. canescens (Gnaphalium wrightii A. Gray): Everlasting, Gordolobo, Wright’s Cudweed (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes and hills 3,500 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) E.L. Greene: Cooper Paperflower, Paper Daisy, Paper Flower, Whitestem Paperflower, Yellow Paper Daisy (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and floodplains 2,000 to 5,000 feet; useful as an ornamental elevation)

Rafinesquia californica T. Nuttall: California Chicory, California Plumeseed (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes and washes 3,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray: Desert Chicory, Desert Dandelion, Goatsbeard, New Mexico Plumeseed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes and plains 200 to 3,000 feet elevation)

Senecio flaccidus C.F. Lessing var. monoensis (E.L. Greene) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkley (Senecio douglasii A.P. de Condolle var. monoensis (E.L. Greene) W.L. Jepson, Senecio monoensis E.L. Greene): Creek Senecio, Mono Groundsel, Mono Ragwort, Sand Wash Groundsel, Shrubby Ragwort, Threadleaf Groundsel, Threadleaf Ragwort (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, floodplains and streambeds 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Senecio lemmonii A. Gray: Groundsel; Lemmon Butterweed, Lemmon Groundsel, Lemmon’s Ragwort (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 1,500 to 3,500 feet elevation)

Silybum marianum (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner: Blessed Milkthistle, Milk Thistle (terrestrial annual or biennial herb within range reported from roadsides, irrigation ditches, waste places and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Sonchus asper (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill: Achicoria Dulce, Cerraja, Chinita, Prickly Sowthistle, Rough Sowthistle, Sowthistle, Spinyleaf Sowthistle, Spiny Sowthistle (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from canyons, slopes, roadsides, washes, adjacent to wetlands and disturbed areas 150 to 8,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Sonchus oleraceus C. Linnaeus: Achicoria Dulce, Annual Sowthistle, Cerraja, Colewort, Common Sowthistle, Grespino Commune, Hare’s Lettuce, Kaalivalvatti, Milk Thistle, Smooth Sowthistle, Sowthistle (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains, moist ground and disturbed areas 150 to 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Stephanomeria pauciflora (J. Torrey) A. Nelson: Brownplume Wirelettuce, Desert Straw, Small-flowered Wirelettuce (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, roadsides, along washes and floodplains 150 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Stylocline gnaphalioides T. Nuttall: Everlasting Neststraw, Mountain Neststraw (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from hillsides and gravelly flats 500 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Stylocline micropoides A. Gray: Desert Neststraw, Woollyhead Fambract, Woollyhead Neststraw (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes 500 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) J.K. Small var. pentachaeta (Dyssodia pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) B.J Robinson): Common Dogweed, Dogweed, Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf, Golden Dogweed, Golden Dyssodia, Parralena, Parvialena, Scale Glandbush, Thurber Dyssodia (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,500 to 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; larval food plant of the Dainty Sulfur)

Trixis californica A. Kellogg: American Threefold, American Trixis, Arizona Green Plant, California Trixis (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, among boulders and rocks, flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Uropappus linearifolius T. Nuttall (Microseris lindleyi (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray, Microseris linearifolia (T. Nuttall) C.H. Schultz: Hierba de Pasmo, Lindley’s Silverpuffs, Linearleaf Microseris, Narrowleaf Microseris, Silver Puffs (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, roadsides and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)

Viguiera parishii E.L. Greene (Viguiera deltoidea A. Gray var. parishii (E.L. Greene) G. Vasey & J.N. Rose): Ariosa, Golden Eye, Parish’s Goldeneye (terrestrial long lived perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas and rocky slopes below 3,500 feet elevation)

Zinnia acerosa (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray (Zinnia pumila A. Gray): Desert Zinnia, Spinyleaf Zinnia, White Zinnia, Wild Zinnia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and floodplains 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Boraginaceae: The Borage Family

Amsinckia menziesii (J.G. Lehmann) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbride var, intermedia (F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey) F.R. Ganders (Amsinckia echinata A. Gray, Amsinckia intermedia F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey, Amsinckia intermedia F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey var. echinata (A. Gray) I.L. Wiggins): Coast Fiddleneck, Common Fiddleneck, Fiddleneck, Devil’s Lettuce, Fiddleneck, Finger Weed, Kurttukeltalemmikki, Menzies Fiddleneck, Ranchers Fireweed, Sacoto Gordo, Tarweed, Yellow Burnweed, Yellow Burrweed, Yellow Forget Me Not, Yellow Tarweed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation)

Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray: Bristly Fiddleneck, Checker Fiddleneck, Checkered Fiddleneck, Devil’s Lettuce, Tessellate Fiddle Neck, Western Fiddleneck (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly flats, along sandy washes and disturbed areas)

Cryptantha angustifolia (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene: Bristlelobe Cryptantha, Cat’s-eye Panamint, Desert Cryptantha, Narrow-leaf Cryptantha, Narrow-leaved Forget-me-not, Narrow-leaved Nievitas, Narrow-leaved Popcorn Flower, Panamint Cryptantha, Peluda (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly and sandy flats and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) E.L. Greene: Bearded Cat’s-eye, Bearded Cryptantha, Bearded Forget-me-not, Bearded Nievitas, Peluda (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly and sandy flats and washes below 5,000 feet elevation)

Cryptantha decipiens (M.E. Jones) A.A. Heller: Forget-Me-Not, Gravel Cryptantha, Gravelbar Cryptantha, Gravel Nievitas, Peluda (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from roadsides, along sandy washes and disturbed areas 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)

Cryptantha nevadensis A. Nelson & G.G. Kennedy: Nevada Cat’s-eye, Nevada Cryptantha, Nevada Nievitas, Peluda (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, sandy bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Cryptantha pterocarya (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene: Wing-fruited Forget-me-not, Wingnut Cat’s-eye, Wing-nut Cryptantha, Wingnut Nievitas, Peluda (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and rocky and gravelly flats and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation)

Harpagonella palmeri A. Gray var. arizonica I.M. Johnston: Arizona Harpagonella, Arizona Grapplinghook, Grappling Hook, Palmer Grapplinghook (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, benches and gravelly flats below 3,500 feet elevation)

Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) E.L. Greene var. occidentalis (Lappula redowski (J.W. Hornemann) E.L. Greene var. desertorum (E.L. Greene) I.M. Johnson, Lappula redowski (J.W. Hornemann) E.L. Greene var. redowski E.D. Hatch et all): Beggar’s Tick, Bluebur, Flatspine Stickseed, Redowski Stickseed, Stickseed (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas 1,000 to 8,500 feet elevation)

Pectocarya heterocarpa (I.M. Johnston) I.M. Johnston: Chuckwalla Combseed, Chuckwalla Pectocarya, Hairyleaf Combbur, Hairy-leaved Combbur, Mixed-nut Comb-bur (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas below 3,000 feet elevation)

Pectocarya platycarpa P.A. Munz & I.M. Johnston: Broadfruit Combseed, Broadnut Combbur, Broad-nutted Combbur, Broad-wing Comb-bur (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)

Pectocarya recurvata I.M. Johnston: Arched Bomb-bur, Archnut Combbur, Arch-nutted Combbur, Curvenut Combseed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, flats and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)

Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A. Gray) E.L. Greene ex A. Gray: Arizona Popcornflower, Bloodweed, Blood Weed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats, among rocks, washes, streambeds and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)

Tiquilia canescens (A.P. de Condolle) A. Richardson var. canescens (Coldenia canescens A.P. de Condolle): Crinkle Mats, Gray Coldenia, Hierba de la Virgin, Oreja de Perro, Shrubby Coldenia, Woody Crinklemat (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats and dirt roads below 3,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): The Mustard Family

Arabis perennans S. Watson: Perennial Rockcress, Rock Cress, Stiff-arm Rock Cress (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock crevices and along washes 2,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)

Brassica tournefortii A. Gouan: African Mustard, Asian Mustard, Mostaza, Mostaza Africana, Mostaza del Sahara, Sahara Mustard, Wild Turnip (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,100 to 4,300 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)

Capsella bursa-pastoris (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus: Bosa de Pastor, Paniquesillo, Shepherd’s Purse (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides, disturbed areas and waste places below 8,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Descurainia pinnata (T. Walter) N.L. Britton: Green Tansy Mustard, Pamita, Pinnate Tansy Mustard, Sirolitutilli, Tansy Mustard, Western Tansymustard, Yellow Tansy Mustard (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains below 7,000 feet elevation)

Draba cuneifolia T. Nuttall ex J Torrey & A. Gray var. cuneifolia: Gasa, Wedgeleaf Draba, Wedgeleaf Whitlow Grass, Whitlow-grass, Whitlow-wort (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, rocky and gravelly flats, seeps and along washes 1,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)

Guillenia lasiophylla (W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott) E.L. Greene (Caulanthus lasiophyllus (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) E.B. Paysonl, Thelypodium lasiophyllum (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) E.L. Greene): California Mustard, Cutleaf Thelypody, Wild Cabbage (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains below 3,500 feet elevation)

Lepidium lasiocarpum T. Nuttall var. wrightii (A. Gray) C.L. Hitchcock: Hairypod Lepidium, Lentejilla, Sand Peppergrass, Wright’s Pepperweed (terrestrial annual or biennial herb; within range reported from below 4,000 feet elevation)

Lesquerella gordonii (A. Gray) S. Watson: Arizona Bladderpod Mustard, Beanpod, Bladderpod Mustard, Gordon’s Bladderpod, Yellow Bladderpod (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, rocky and gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains below 5,000 feet elevation)

Lesquerella purpurea (A. Gray) S. Watson: Purple Bladderpod, Rose Bladderpod, White Bladderpod (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes and along washes 1,500 to 5,000 feet elevation)

Streptanthus carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray: Lyreleaf Jewelflower, Lyreleaf Twistflower, Silver Bells (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 1,500 to 4,500 feet elevation)

Thysanocarpus curvipes W.J. Hooker (Thysanocarpus curvipes W.J. Hooker var. elegans (F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey) B.L. Robinson; Thysanocarpus amplectens E.L. Greene): Lace Pod, Lacepod, Sand Fringepod (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, meadows, flats, along washes and floodplains below 4,000 feet elevation)

Cactaceae: The Cactus Family

Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Cereus giganteus G. Engelmann): Giant Cactus, Saguaro, Sahuaro (terrestrial perennial succulent tree (to 50 feet high or more); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridges and foothills, rocky hill sides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos below 5,100 feet elevation; white-wing doves as well as other birds and animals feed on the saguaro seeds during fruiting season; Gila Woodpeckers and Gilded Flickers make holes in this plant for their nests which are later utilized by Elf Owls; useful as an ornamental)

Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose forma cristata, Cereus giganteus G. Engelmann forma cristata): Crested Saguaro, Fan Top Saguaro, Fishtail Saguaro, Saguaro - Crested Form (terrestrial perennial succulent tree (to 50 feet high or more); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridges and foothills, rocky hill sides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos below 5,100 feet elevation; white-wing doves as well as other birds and animals feed on the saguaro seeds during fruiting season; Gila Woodpeckers and Gilded Flickers make holes in this plant for their nests which are later utilized by Elf Owls; useful as an ornamental)

Echinocactus horizonthalonius C. Lemaire var. nicholii L. Benson: Bisnaga Manca Caballo, Bisnaga Meloncillo, Blue Barrel, Devilshead, Eagle’s Claw, Manco Mula, Meloncillo, Nichol’s Echinocactus, Nichol Turk’s-head Cactus, Nichol Woolly-headed Cactus, Turk’s Head (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from mountains, ridges, hills, bajadas, slopes and flats below 3600 feet elevation. PERIPHERAL PLANT(S))

Echinocereus engelmannii (C.C. Parry ex G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire var. acicularis L. Benson: Engelmann’s Hedgehog Cactus, Needle-spined Hedgehog Cactus, Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from rocky ridges, hills, slopes, plains, flats, valleys and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental. PERIPHERAL PLANT(S))

Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) N.P. Taylor (Echinocereus fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) L. Benson, Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rümpler var. robustus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson, Mammillaria fasciculata G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson): Bundle Hedgehog Cactus, Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus, Robust Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes 2,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Echinocereus nicholii (L. Benson) E. Parfitt (Echinocereus engelmannii (C.C. Parry ex G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire var. nicholii L. Benson): Golden Hedgehog, Nichol’s Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high; however, running stems up to 5 feet have been observed); within range reported from ridges, bajadas, slopes and flats below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes and arroyos below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose x Ferocactus cylindraceus (G. Engelmann) C.R. Orcutt: Barrel Ccactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub, or tree)

Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose forma cristata): Bisnaga, Biznaga, Candy Barrelcactus - Crested Form, Crested Fishhook Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation)

Mammillaria grahamii G. Engelmann var. grahamii (Mammillaria microcarpa G. Engelmann): Arizona Fishhook Cabeza de Viejo Cekida, Cactus, Biznaguita, Fishhook Cactus, Graham Fishhook, Graham’s Nipple Cactus, Graham Pincushion Cactus, Lizard Catcher (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 6 inches high); within range reported from rocky slopes, rock outcrops, rocky hillsides, boulder crevices, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia acanthocarpa G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow var. major (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) L. Benson (Opuntia acanthocarpa G. Engelmann & Bigelow var. ramosa Peebles): Buckhorn Cholla, Major Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent treelike subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 500 to 3,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia bigelovii G. Engelmann: Arizona Jumping Cactus, Ball Cholla, Cholla Guera, Jumping Cholla, Teddy Bear Cactus, Teddybear Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 9 feet high); within range reported from mountainsides, canyons, rocky slopes, talus slopes, hillsides, bajadas, plains, flats and along washes and arroyos below 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia chlorotica G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow: Dollarjoint Pricklypear, Nopal, Nopal Rastrera, Pancake Pear, Pancake Prickly-pear, Silver-dollar Cactus, Smooth Clock-face Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 6 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, ledges, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, hills, flats and valleys 2,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, and along washes, gullies and arroyos 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)

Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. flavispina (L. Benson) E. Parfitt & D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. flavispina L. Benson): Cactus Apple, Yellow-spined Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)

Opuntia fulgida G. Engelmann var. fulgida: Chain Cholla, Chain-fruit Cholla, Cholla, Cholla Brincadora, Choya, Jumping Cholla, Sonora Jumping Cholla, Velas de Ccoyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 15 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle: Agujilla, Christmas Cactus, Christmas Cholla, Darning Needle Cactus, Desert Christmas Cactus, Desert Christmas Cholla, Holycross Cholla, Pipestem Cactus, Rattail Cactus, Tajasilla, Tasajillo, Tesajo (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and bottomlands and floodplains 200 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia macrocentra G. Engelmann var. macrocentra (Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. macrocentra (G. Engelmann) L. Benson; Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. violacea): Black-spined Pricklypear, Duranzilla, Long-spined Pricklypear, Purple Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 2 feet high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, slopes, flats, valleys and along washes 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia microdasys (J.G. Lehmann) L.K. Pfeiffer (Cactus microdasys J.G. Lehmann, Opuntia macrocalyx D. Griffiths): Angel’s-wings, Bunny Ears, Bunny Ears Pricklypear, Cegador, Nopal Cegador, Polka Dot Cactus, Prickly Pear, Rabbit Ears (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from bajadas, flats, along washes and floodplains. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)

Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. major G. Engelmann: Abrojo, Joconostle, Major Pricklypear, Mojave Pricklypear, Nopal, Sprawling Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote, Yellow Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, flats and valleys in sandy, gravelly or rocky soils 1,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)

Opuntia santa-rita (D. Griffiths & R.F. Hare) J.N. Rose (Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. santa-rita (D. Griffiths & R.F. Hare) L. Benson: Blue Blade, Dollar Cactus, Duraznilla, Nopal Morado, Purple Pricklypear, Red Blade Pricklypear, Santa Rita Cactus, Santa Rita Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 5 feet high); within range reported from canyons, ridges, bajadas, slopes, flats and valleys 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental. PERIPHERAL PLANT(S), if not a naturalized ornamental)

Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey: Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mountainsides, canyons, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and floodplains 1,000 to 5,000+ feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey x Opuntia versicolor G. Engelmann ex T. Coulter: Hybrid Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub, or small tree)

Peniocereus greggii (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. transmontanus (G. Engelmann) Backeberg: Arizona Queen of the Night, Chaparral Cactus, Deerhorn Cactus, Desert Night-blooming Cereus, Desert Threadcereus, Nightblooming Cereus, Queen of the Night, Reina de la noche (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 8 feet high); within range reported from bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 3,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, plant under desert shrubs such as the Creosote Bush, Foothill Paloverde and Velvet Mesquite for support and protection, the large (2-3 inch) flowers are very fragrant)

Campanulaceae: The Bellflower Family

Nemacladus glanduliferus W.L. Jepson var. orientalis R. McVaugh: Glandular Nemacladus, Glandular Threadplant, Silver Stem Threadplant, Thread Plant, Threadstem (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation)

Cannabaceae: The Hemp Family

Cannabis sativa C. Linnaeus subsp. sativa: Marijuana, Mota (terrestrial annual herb. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Caryophyllaceae: The Pink Family

Cerastium texanum N.L. Britton: Mouse-ear Chickweed, Texas Chickweed, Texas Mouse-ear Chickweed (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from washes 1,500 to 8,500 feet elevation)

Herniaria hirsuta C. Linnaeus subsp. cinerea (A.P. de Condolle) A.X. Coutinho (Herniaria cinerea A.P. de Candolle): Burstwort, Hairy Rupturewort (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from gravelly flats and disturbed areas. EXOTIC)

Loeflingia squarrosa T. Nuttall: Spreading Pygmyleaf (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly and sandy flats and along washes 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)

Silene antirrhina C. Linnaeus: Catchfly, Desert Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Silene (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes and streambeds below 6,000 feet elevation)

Chenopodiaceae: The Goosefoot Family

Atriplex canescens (F.T. Pursh) T. Nuttall var. canescens: Cenizo, Chamiso, Chamiso Cenizo, Chamiza, Costilla de Vaca, Fourwing Saltbush, Grey Sage Brush, Orache, Saladillo, Wngscale (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 6 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, dunes, gravelly and sandy flats, along washes and floodplains below 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental and in controlling erosion)

Atriplex canescens (F.T. Pursh) T. Nuttall var. linearis (S. Watson) Munz (Atriplex canescens subsp. linearis (S. Watson) W. Hall & F.E. Clements, Atriplex linearis S. Watson): Cenizo, Chamiso, Chamiza, Costilla de Vaca, Four-wing Saltbush, Narrow-leaf Saltbush, Narrowleaf Wingscale, Thinleaf Fourwing Saltbush, Grey Sage Brush, Orache, Saladillo, Wngscale (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 6 feet high); within range reported from slopes and gravelly flats below 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental and in controlling erosion)

Chenopodium neomexicanum P.C. Standley var. neomexicanum (Chenopodium arizonicum P.C. Standley): Choal, Fishy Goosefoot, New Mexico Goosefoot (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 4,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)

Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) E.L. Greene: Annual Povertyweed, Monolepis, Nutall Monolepis, Nuttall’s Povertyweed, Papago Spinach, Patata, Patota, Patote, Poverty Weed, Suolasavikka (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas below 7,500 feet elevation)

Salsola tragus C. Linnaeus (Salsola iberica Sennen & C. Pau, Salsola kali C. Linnaeus var. tenuifolia (H. Tausch) P. Aellen, Salsola kali C. Linnaeus subsp. tragus (C. Linnaeus) P. Aellen): Cardo Ruso, Chamiso, Chamiso Valador, Coast Saltwort, Common Russian Thistle, Prickly Russian Thistle, Russian Thistle, Tumbleweed, Tumbling Thistle, Volador, Wind Witch (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 150 to 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)

Convolvulaceae: The Morning-glory Family

Evolvulus alsinoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus var. angustifolius J. Torrey (Evolvulus alsinoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus var. acapulcensis (C.L. von Willdenow) S.J. van Ooststroom): Acapulco Evolvulus, Arizona Blue Eyes, Dio de Vibora, Slender Dwarf Morning-glory (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and along washes 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ipomoea cristulata E.H. Hallier f.: Scarlet Creeper, Scarlet Morning Glory, Star Glory Morning-glory, TransPecos Morning-glory (terrestrial annual herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes and along washes 3,400 to 4,700 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)

Ipomoea hederacea (C. Linnaeus) N.J. von Jacquin (Ipomoea hirsutula N.J. von Jacquin f.): Blue Morning-glory,