April 17, 2008 Update

TOWNSHIP 11 SOUTH, RANGE 06 WEST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA

Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian

“An increasing need for careful husbandry of the earth’s natural resources has renewed interest

in the classification and mapping of ecosystems. The inventory of our remaining biotic entities is particularly urgent because the increased aspirations of a constantly growing world population

are placing ever greater stress on these generous, but finite, living resources.”

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-73

This photograph was taken looking northeast toward the Batamote Mountains.

William T. Kendall June 25, 2005

“To know the desert involves an acquaintance with all its aspects, and all its physical features,

as well as all of the animals and plants that have learned how to find in it a congenial place to live. The

most significant lesson that the desert dweller can learn from a familiarity with its plant and animal life is to

regard himself not as an exile from some better place, but as a man at home in an environment to which his life can be adjusted without physical or intellectual loss.” Forest Shreve, The Cactus and

Its Home (Found in Discovering the Desert, by William G. McGinnies)

MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION

William T. Kendall *WTK (observation date, if shown)*.

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data Management System - Special Status Species Reports *8*.

Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) *85 (date of search for information on species)*.

E. Lendell Cockrum, 1960. The Recent Mammals of Arizona: Their Taxonomy and Distribution, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. This Inclusion is based on the general distribution maps and statements. *118 (distribution note, map - Figure Number and Page Number)*.

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION LISTINGS

Species Distribution Listings are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. Species Distribution Listings are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area. Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered works in progress. The source(s) used for the inclusion of the species in a listing is highlighted in green *00* in the footnotes. Due to the lack of first hand knowledge, in the listing of animals, unless otherwise noted in the footnotes, species may be included based on general distribution maps and/or statements and not on an actual sight record. I recommend that we consider a species as being “confirmed” to a township or general listing area only after we have at least three recorded sightings, cited in the footnotes, with no more than one of those records being based on general distribution mapping for the species. Note that the Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) *85* may have several collections recorded for a species within any given township or listing area, and that the date shown in parentheses is a date of the search of their records and not a date of recorded sighting. Note also that many of the individual species collection records found in SEINet include additional associated species.

Individual species records are presented alphabetically by division, class, family and genus within their kingdoms. Following the scientific name is the authority, common synonym(s), common name(s), a general description of the species habitat, the biotic communities in which it has reportedly been observed and footnotes. An attempt is being made to identify the range in mature (flowering/fruiting) heights reported for the plants. The habitat description is provided in order to help you visualize the types of natural habitats the species is found in and ones in which it might be planted back into in a landscape or restoration project. The range in elevation has been rounded off to the nearest 100 feet up, for the higher elevation or down, for the lower elevation. Species reported from within 0 to 100 feet as their lower elevation limit have been recorded as occurring “from sea level”. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, may be noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized into the surrounding native environment.

Local native plants are recommended for use in landscape and restoration projects. Many native species require little, if any, irrigation once established. Ideally restoration should include those plants that were native to the property prior to clearing. In order to determine what plants were native to the property you might try to locate photographs of the property prior to clearing or look for natural areas and remnant populations and plants adjacent to where the restoration is to take place. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density.

The use of native plants in landscape and restoration projects encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty and unique identity and heritage.

Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Questions, concerns, corrections and comments, including the reporting of unrecorded species and information relating to historical distributions, may be sent to the following address: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 86091, Tucson, Arizona 85754-6091, or E-mail to:KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.

DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. These listings are not meant to take the place of on-site surveys for species. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings. Attempts are made to keep the information contained in the Species Distribution Listings as accurate as possible, but Kendall Environmental Surveys disclaims any implied warranty or representation about its accuracy, completeness, or appropriateness for any particular purposes. Users of the information found in the listings assume full responsibility for their use of the information and understand that Kendall Environmental Surveys is not responsible or liable for any claim, loss, or damage resulting from its use.

CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling these plants and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted. Range plants having a known toxic or poisonous property may be so noted. Footnotes for plants whose sources may have cautionary statements, comments and information on rarely poisonous or suspected poisonous range plants may be shown in red (*00*). Many poisonous plants are similar in appearance to edible ones. No field collected plant should be eaten unless you know for a fact that it is safe for you to do so.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Township Notes

Conservation Related Organizations and Nurseries

Listing of Plants

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

Class Liliopsida: The Monocots

Class Magnoliopsida: The Dicots

Listing of Animals

Kingdom Animalia: The Animal Kingdom

Subkingdom Metazoa: The Multicellular Animals

Section Deuterostomia: The Deuterostomes

Phylum Chordata: The Chordates

Subphylum Vertebrata: The Vertebrates

Class Aves: The Birds

Class Mammalia: The Mammals

Class Reptilia: The Reptiles

Acknowledgements

Species Distribution Listings Footnotes and References

TOWNSHIP NOTES

LOCATION: This township is located in northwestern Pima County in south-central Arizona. The township is bounded on the north by the Pima/Maricopa County Line. The community of Childs is located in this township. A portion of this township is located within the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range.

Historic Ranching Activities: Named ranches include the Childs Ranch.

Historic Mining Activities: General mining activities included barrow pits and gravel pits.

LANDMARKS: Named mountains include a portion of the Batamote Mountains and the eastern portion of Childs Mountain. Named washes include the Tenmile Wash and Sikort Chuapo Wash. Portions of this township are located in Childs Valley and the Valley of the Ajo.

ELEVATION: Elevations range from approximately 1,238 feet on the west township line south of the northwest corner to approximately 2,352 feet near the west township line in the northwest quarter (1).

PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVICE: this township is located within the Sonoran Desert Section of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (2).

SOILS: Soils have been described as being Hyperthermic (very hot) Arid Soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of more than 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Centigrade) and less than 10 inches (25 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Gilman - Antho - Valencia Association (deep soils on floodplains and alluvial fans), Gunsight - Rillito - Harqua Association (deep, gravelly, calcareous soils on the upper slopes) and the Rock Outcrop - Lomitas - Cherioni Association (rock outcrops and very shallow, and shallow soils on low hills and mountains) (3).

BIOTIC COMMUNITY: This township is located within the Lower Colorado River Subdivision of the Sonoran Desertscrub Regional Formation of the Desertscrub Formation with associated Wetlands (4).

Map Printed from TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic

Map of Township and Adjacent Sections

A FEW OF THE NATIVE PLANTS REPORTED AS OCCURRING IN THIS TOWNSHIP THAT MIGHT BE CONSIDERED FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE AND RESTORATION PROJECTS

Trees and Large Shrubs (over 7 feet in height)

Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea - 5’ to 60’)

Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina - 2’ to 56’)

Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida - 40” to 40’)

Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis subsp. arcuata - 10’ to 33’)

Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota - 10’ to 33’)

Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens - 5’ to 33’)

Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla - 6’ to 26’)

Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii - 40” to 25’)

Bitter Snakewood (Condalia globosa - 7’ to 20’)

Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta - 2’ to 18’)

Emory Crucifixion Thorn (Castela emoryi - 3’ to 15’)

Chain-fruit Cholla (Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida - 3’ to 15’)

Burro Brush (Hymenoclea monogyra - 3’ to 13’)

Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata - 20” to 12’)

Fishhook Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni - 2’ to 11’)

Desert Broom (Baccharis sarothroides - 3’ to 10’)

Parish Desert-thorn (Lycium parishii - 3’ to 10’)

Teddybear Cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii - 3’ to 9’)

Fourwing Saltbush (Atriplex canescens - 3’ to 8’)

Shrubby Limberbush (Jatropha cuneata - 2’ to 9’)

Vines and Climbers

Hartweg Twinevine (Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum - 20” to 40’)

Slender Janusia (Janusia gracilis - 18” to 10’)

Shrubs (2 to 7 feet in height)

Canyon Ragweed (Ambrosia ambrosioides - 1’ to 7’)

White Cheesebush (Hymenoclea salsola - 1’ to 6’)

White Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa - 18” to 6’)

White Rantany (Krameria grayi - 1’ to 5’)

Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea - 12” to 40”)

White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa - 7” to 40”)

Grasses

Desert Fluffgrass (Dasyochloa pulchella - 2” to 6”)

Shrubs (under 2’), Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents

Desert Night-blooming Cereus (Peniocereus greggii var. transmontanus - 12” to 96”)

Coulter Globemallow (Sphaeralcea coulteri - 6” to 60”)

Brownfoot (Acourtia wrightii - 12” to 52”)

Desert Marigold (Baileya multiradiata - 6” to 30”)

Goodding Tansyaster (Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. gooddingii - 20” to 24”)

Bundle Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus fasciculatus - 4” to 18”)

Needle-spined Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus engelmannii var. acicularis - 6” to 15”)

CONSERVATION RELATED ORGANIZATIONS AND NURSERIES

Arizona Department of Agriculture

http://www.azda.gov/

The Arizona Department of Agriculture enforces the sections of the Arizona Revised Statutes commonly referred to as the “Arizona Native Plant Law”. The Native Plant Law requires, in part, that anyone who is clearing land notify the State of Arizona in advance of the clearing. Some land owners involved in the clearing of land allow for nurseries and people who are interested in salvaging plants to do so prior to the clearing. The Arizona Department of Agriculture posts these notifications in their county offices. You may also contact the Arizona Department of Agriculture and, for a fee, be put on a mailing list of people receiving copies of the Notices of Intent to Clear Land.

Contact Information: Arizona Department of Agriculture, 1688 West Adams Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85007; 602-542-4373.

Arizona Native Plant Society

http://aznps.org/

The Arizona Native Plant Society is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to Arizona's native plants. Its mission is to promote knowledge, appreciation, conservation, and restoration of Arizona native plants and their habitats. They work with the Southwest Rare Plant Task Force to develop strategies for protecting rare species and their habitats; they keep abreast of conservation issues concerning native plants species and responds to those through their Conservation Committee; they promote the use of native species in residential and commercial landscapes; they publish the Plant Press, support the publication of scholarly works and maintains a website with information and links about native plant, and they host a series of statewide events that provide forums to learn from professionals. Member activities and benefits include chapter and statewide gatherings; field trips and educational presentations; conservation through education, outreach and restoration; habitat restoration projects; informative website, newsletters and journals, and interactions with plant experts and enthusiasts.

LISTING OF SOURCES FOR NATIVE PLANTS AND SEEDS

The Arizona Native Plant Society maintains a listing of Native Plant and Seed Sources at: http://www.aznps.org/sources.html

Contact Information: Arizona Native Plant Society, PO Box 41206, Tucson, Arizona 85717.

Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society

http://www.tucsoncactus.org/

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.

NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts a tremendous amount of time and effort into the

organizing and overseeing of their rescue events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated

members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development. If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew member.

Contact Information: Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759; 520-885-6367.

Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery

http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp

The Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native plant for which there is a buyer.

Contact Information: Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713; 520-791-9309.

Native Seeds/SEARCH

http://www.nativeseeds.org

The Native Seeds/SEARCH is a nonprofit conservation organization that seeks to preserve the crop seeds that connect the Native American cultures to their lands. The mission of the Native Seeds/SEARCH is to conserve, distribute and document the adapted and diverse varieties of agricultural seeds, their wild relatives and the role these seeds play in the cultures of the American Southwest and Northwest Mexico.

Contact Information: Native Seeds/SEARCH, 526 North Fourth Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85705; 520-622-5561, toll free at 866-622-5561, FAX 520-622-5561; e-mail: info@nativeseeds.org

Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse

http://www.tohonochulpark.org/

The Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse offers for sale a wide variety of native and arid adapted plants. Many of these plants require minimal watering once they are established. Flowers, trees, bushes and seeds are sold throughout the year.

Contact Information: Tohono Chul Park, 7366 North Paseo del Norte, Tucson, Arizona 85704-4415; Information: 520-742-6455 (Greenhouse ext. 239), FAX: 520-797-1213, Russ Buhrow, Curator of Plants, 520-742-6455 ext. 234; e-mail: russbuhrow@tohonochulpark.org

Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson

The goal of Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson is to provide experienced care for injured and orphaned wild birds and mammals so that they can be released back into the wild. For assistance with an injured bird or mammal, please call 520-743-0217, briefly explain the situation, being sure to repeat your name and phone number before ending the call.

Contact Information: Lewis and Janet Miller, 3690 Hills of Gold, Tucson, Arizona 85745; 520-743-0217.

LISTING OF PLANTS

STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE PLANTS FROM

COLLECTION, MUTILATION AND DESTRUCTION

* numbers appearing between the asterisks relate to footnotes and sources of information*

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

CLASS LILIOPSIDA: The MONOCOTS

Family Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family

Dasyochloa pulchella (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.L. von Wildenow ex P.A. Rydberg (5): Low Woollygrass

SYNONYMY: Erioneuron pulchellum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Tateoka, Tridens pulchellus (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock, Triodia pulchella K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth. COMMON NAMES: Desert Fluffgrass, Fluff Grass, Fluff-grass, Fluffgrass, Low Woollygrass, Oerennuak Grass, Zacate Borreguero. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial (often appearing to be an annual and also described as being a short-lived perennial) graminoid (a bunchgrass 2 to 6 inches in height) (6), the color of this grass has been described as being bluish-green curing to a gray-white, the color of the flower green or silvery, flowering generally takes place between February and October (additional record: one for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky-sandy, gravelly and sandy-loamy mesas; rocky canyons; rocky talus slopes; ridge tops; ridgelines; meadows; foothills; rocky hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy, gravelly-sandy-loamy and sandy slopes; gravelly bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst rocks; sandy plains; cindery and gravelly flats; valleys; rocky, gravelly and sandy roadsides; stream beds; creek beds; along and in gravelly and sandy washes; along and in sandy drainages; marshes; benches; gravelly and sandy terraces; loamy bottom lands; flood plains; sandy riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, cindery, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly loam, gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils; sandy-gravelly clay and clay soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from 400 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This low, densely tufted perennial grass may be useful as an ornamental. This plant is browsed by the Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana). This plant is generally avoided by grazing animals. *5, 6, 15, 16, 33 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), 46 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), 58, 63 (040407), 77, 85 (110607), 105 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), WTK (June 2005)*

Erioneuron pulchellum (see Dasyochloa pulchellah)

Schismus barbatus (P. Loefling ex C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung: Common Mediterranean Grass

COMMON NAMES: Common Mediterranean Grass, Mediterraneangrass, Zacate Mediterrane Comun. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual graminoid (1 to 14 inches in height), flowering generally takes place between November and mid-May. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky cliffs; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; rocky talus; rocky ridges; hill tops; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; sand dunes; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; roadsides; along streams; along gravelly-sandy creek beds; along rivers; gravelly river beds; gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy banks; benches; gravelly terraces; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-gravelly, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from 400 to 4,500 feet (one record at 7,880 feet) in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22 (color photograph), 33, 46, 58, 63 (040407), 68, 77, 85 (081507), WTK (June 2005)*

Tridens pulchellus (see Dasyochloa pulchella)

Triodia pulchella (see Dasyochloa pulchella)

CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA: The DICOTS

Family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae): The Carrot Family

Daucus pusillus A. Michaux (5): American Wild Carrot

COMMON NAMES: American Carrot, American Wild Carrot, Rattlesnake Weed (California), Rattlesnakeweed, Southwestern Carrot, Wild Carrot, Zanahoria Silvestre. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual forb/herb (5 to 28 inches in height) (6), the color of the flowers has been described as being cream, purplish or white, flowering generally takes place between early March and late May (additional records: one for mid-June and one for early September), the seed heads are reddish. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from bouldery and rocky mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; sandy-loamy canyon bottoms; bases of cliffs; ridges; rocky foothills; rocky hills; bouldery hilltops; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rocky outcrops; along shaded bases of rocks; sandy plains; gravelly and sandy flats; along rocky, gravelly and sandy roadsides; arroyos; silty draws; gullies; springs; along streams; sandy stream beds; along rivers; along and in rocky, rocky-clayey, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; along and in drainages; depressions; gravelly-sandy and sandy banks of arroyos, streams and rivers; benches; sandy bottom lands; flood plains; canals; gravelly-sandy and sandy riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-clayey loam and sandy loam soils; rocky clay and clay soils, and silty soils, occurring from 600 to 5,900 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. *5, 6, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46, 58, 63 (052907), 77, 85 (012308)*

Family Asclepiadaceae: The Milkweed Family

Funastrum cynanchoides (J. Decaisne) F.R. Schlechter subsp. heterophyllum (A.M. Vail) J.T. Kartesz: Hartweg’s Twinevine

SYNONYMY: Funastrum heterophyllum (G. Engelmann) P.C. Standley, Sarcostemma cynanchoides J. Decaisne subsp. hartwegii (A.M. Vail) L.H. Shinners. COMMON NAMES: Climbing Milkweed, Guirote Lechosa, Hartweg Climbing Milkweed, Hartweg’s Twinevine, Hexe (Seri). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine (a twining vine 20 inches to 40 feet in length), the leaves are dark green, the color of the flowers has been described as being lilac-mauve, magenta-cream, maroon-cream, purple, purple and cream, violet-pink, white, white and brown, white and maroon, white and purple or white and purple-maroon, flowering generally takes place between late March and late June and again between late August and early November (additional records: one for late July and one for late November). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyons; foothills; rocky and sandy hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; lava flows; rocky outcrops; sandy flats; valley floors; sandy roadsides; rocky arroyos; springs; along streams; along creeks; creek beds; river beds; along and in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy, sandy and sandy-silty washes; drainages; water holes; swampy areas; rocky, gravelly-sandy and sandy banks; sand bars; bottom lands; sandy flood plains; mesquite bosques; along ditches; fence lines; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery-cobbly, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils and sandy silty soils, occurring from 500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 46 (Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm.) Standl.), 58, 63 (111407), 68, 85 (111607)*

Funastrum heterophyllum (see Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum)

Sarcostemma cynanchoides subsp. hartwegii (see Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum)

Family Asteraceae (Compositae): The Aster Family

Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King: Brownfoot

SYNONYMY: Perezia wrightii A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: Brownfoot, Desert Holly, Perezia, Pink Perezia. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb (12 to 52 inches in height, one plant was recorded as being 12 inches in height with a crown 12 inches in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being dark green (and holly-like), the flowers lavender, pink, pink-brown, pink-lavender, pinkish-purple, purple, white, white and pink or whitish-maroon, flowering generally takes place between early February and early July and sometimes in autumn between early September and early November (additional records: one for late November and one for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; plateaus; rock cliffs; rocky canyons; rocky canyon bottoms; crater walls; talus slopes; bases of cliffs; buttes; along ledges; ridges; ridge tops; foothills; rocky, stony-gravelly and sandy hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; gravelly bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; rocky plains; rocky flats; railroad right-of-ways; roadsides; along arroyos; gullies; ravines; seeps; along creeks; along rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; along drainages; rocky banks of streams; beaches; river basins; flood plains; mesquite bosques; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; bouldery, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony-gravelly, gravelly and sandy soils; rocky silty loam, sandy loam, silty-clayey loam and silty loam soils, and silty soils, occurring from 700 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reportedly fragrant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46, 58, 63 (040507), 77, 85 (081507), WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia ambrosioides (A.J. Cavanilles) W.W. Payne: Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed

SYNONYMY: Franseria ambrosioides A.J. Cavanilles. COMMON NAMES: Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed, Burr Sage, Bur-sage, Bursage, Canyon Ragweed, Chicura (Hispanic), Leaf Burr Ragweed, Nu Nu Ju Its (Tohono O’odham), Tinkl (Seri). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial cold- and drought-deciduous subshrub or shrub (1 to 7 feet in height), the color of the branches has been described as being reddish-brown with white hairs, the leaves dull gray-green or green, the flowers yellowish or yellowish-green, flowering generally takes place between mid-February and early May (additional records: two for mid-January, one for early June, one for mid-June and one for mid-September), the fruits are burrs. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; rocky, gravelly and gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; bases of cliffs; crevices in rocks; foothills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; rocky outcrops; soil pockets in rocks; plains; coastal plains; along roadsides; arroyos; arroyo bottoms; along seeping streams; along streams; rocky and sandy stream beds; along creeks; creek beds; along rivers; river beds; along and in rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; along sandy drainages; rocky and sandy banks; around water holes; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky loam and sandy-clayey loam soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria ambrosioides Cav.), 63 (040707), 77 (color photograph #67), 85 (081507), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Candolle: Weakleaf Burr Ragweed

SYNONYMY: Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Candolle) P.A. Rydberg. COMMON NAMES: Altamisa de Playa, Bur-sage, Bursage Ragweed, Bur-weed, Chi’ichivo (Yaqui), Estafiate, Field Ragweed, Istafiate (northern Sinaloa, Mexico), Slimleaf Bursage, Weak-leaf Burr-ragweed, Weakleaf Burr Ragweed, Weak-leaved Burweed. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb (4 inches to 5 feet in height and may be procumbent and up to 6 feet in width in higher elevations), the leaves are gray, the color of the flowers has been described as being white, yellow, yellow-brown or yellow-green, flowering generally takes place between early May and early December (additional record: one for late March). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; bases of cliffs; crevices in rock faces; foothills; hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; plains; flats; valleys; roadsides; ravines; seeps; springs; along streams; at rivers; along and in gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; in drainages; swales; around ponds and lakes; banks; rocky benches; terraces; flood plains; mesquite bosques; fence rows; riparian areas; waste places, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky-gravelly loam soils; rocky clay and gravelly clay soils, and rocky silty and sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 9,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: The flowers are reported to be fragrant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 46 (Franseria confertiflora (DC.) Rydb.), 58, 63 (041807), 68, 77, 85 (112907)*

Ambrosia deltoidea (J. Torrey) F.W. Payne: Triangle Burr Ragweed

SYNONYMY: Franseria deltoidea J. Torrey. COMMON NAMES: Burrobush, Bur-sage, Bursage, Chamizo Forrajero, Chicurilla, Rabbit Bush, Kokomak Segoi (Pima), Shegoi (Pima), Todshag (Papago), Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle-leaf Bursage, Triangle-leaved Bursage, Triangle-leaf Burr Ragweed. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (1 to 4 feet in height), the color of the leaves has been described as being gray, gray-green or green, the flowers greenish, greenish-yellow, purple or white, flowering generally takes place between early January and late April. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; ridges; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; lava flows; dunes; sandy plains; rocky, gravelly and sandy flats; valleys; roadsides; around seeping streams; runnels; river beds; along sandy washes; rocky banks of creeks; gravelly terraces, and flood plains in desert pavement; rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam soils, and rocky clay, gravelly clay and sandy clay soils, occurring from 100 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Triangleleaf Bursage serves as a nurse plant for Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria deltoidea Torr.), 63 (040707), 77 (color photograph #68), 85 (081607), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) F.W. Payne: Burrobush

SYNONYMY: Franseria dumosa A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: Burro Bush, Burrobush, Burro Weed, Burro-weed, Burroweed, Bur Sage, Bur-sage, Chamizo, Chicurilla, Hierba del Burro, White Bur-sage, White Bursage, White Burrobush. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial cold- and drought-deciduous subshrub or shrub (7 to 40 inches in height, one low mound-shaped plant was reported to be 40 inches in width), the color of the branches has been described as being gray, tan or white, the leaves blue-green-gray, gray-green or white-tomentose, the flowers cream, cream-yellow, greenish, green-yellow or yellow, flowering generally takes place between early February and late April (additional records: one for early January, one for mid-January, two for mid-May, one for mid-June, one for late June, four for late September, one for early October, one for mid-November, one for late November and two for mid-December), the fruits are spiny burs. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mountainsides; gravelly mesas; canyons; buttes; ridges; bouldery ridge tops; rocky hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; alluvial fans; bajadas; amongst boulders; lava fields; sand hills; sand dunes; gravelly plains; gravelly and sandy flats; sand sheets; sandy valleys; gravelly roadsides; arroyos; along sandy washes; banks of stream beds and washes; benches; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, and may live to be more than 100 years of age with an estimated average longevity of 35.7 years. This plant is a host for the parasitic Sand Root (Pholisma sonorae). In the re-vegetation of disturbed sites more success may be achieved through the use of transplanted plants than from over-seeding. White Bursage serves as a nurse plant for Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria dumosa Gray), 63 (040907), 77, 85 (081707), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia monogyra (see footnote 85 under Hymenoclea monogyra)

Ambrosia salsola (see footnote 85 under Hymenoclea salsola)

Antheropeas lanosum (A. Gray) P.A. Rydberg: White Easterbonnets

SYNONYMY: Eriophyllum lanosum (A. Gray) A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: White Easterbonnets, Woolly Daisy, Woolly-daisy, Woolly Eriophyllum, Woolly Fleabane. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual forb/herb (¾ to 8 inches in height), the color of the stems has been described as being reddish, the leaves gray-green, the ray flowers white and the disk flowers orange-yellow or yellow, flowering generally takes place between early February and mid-May (additional records: two for mid-June and one for mid-November). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; gravelly mesas; canyons; bases of cliffs; foothills; gravelly hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst rocks; sand hills; gravelly plains; rocky and gravelly flats; gravelly and sandy roadsides; creek beds; along and in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; banks; terraces; sandy bottom lands, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-gravelly, stony, stony-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky loam, gravelly-sandy loam and silty loam soils, and silty soils, occurring from 500 to 4,400 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formation. NOTE: This plant may grow in patches, larger plants tend to be prostrate. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph, Eriophyllum lanosum), 46 (Eriophyllum lanosum Gray), 58, 63 (070407), 77 (color photograph # 19 labeled Eriophyllum lanosum), 85 (111607)*

Ambrosia salsola (see footnote 85 under Hymenoclea salsola)

Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Desertbroom

COMMON NAMES: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Caasot Caocl (Seri), Desert Broom, Desert-broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush, Rosin-brush, Soosk Vaks “Wet Shoes” (Maricopa?). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height, one plant 40 inches in height was described as being 40 inches in width), the color of the foliage has been described as being bright green or yellow-green, the flowers (dioecious) cream, rust, white or yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-September and late February (additional records: one for mid-March, two for late March, two for mid-April, one for late April, one for mid-July, one for early August and one for late August). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyons; canyon bottoms; chasms; ridges; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; sandy plains; flats; valley floors; roadsides; along arroyos; sandy arroyo bottoms; gullies; springs; along streams; stream beds; along creeks; gravelly creek beds; along rivers; gravelly river beds; gravelly and sandy washes; playas; along gravelly and sandy banks of arroyos and washes; beaches; flood plains; bottom lands; along drainage ditches; along canals; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils and clay soils, occurring from sea level to 5,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, consider planting only male plants to eliminate seed production. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 26 (color photograph), 28 (color photograph), 46, 48, 58, 63 (040907), 77, 85 (082007), WTK (June 2005)*

Baileya multiradiata W.H. Harvey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Desert Marigold

COMMON NAMES: Baileya del Desierto, Cloth-of-gold, Desert Baileya, Desert-marigold, Desert Marigold, Hierba Amarilla, Many-flowered Desert-marigold, Paper Daisy, Paperdaisy, Wild Marigold. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb (6 to 30 inches in height), the color of the foliage has been described as being gray-green, gray-white-green or grayish and woolly, the ray and disk flowers yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-January and late December but may continue year round under favorable conditions. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyons; rocky bluffs; buttes; ridges; foothills; rocky and gravelly-sandy hills; rocky hillsides; rocky, cindery, gravelly and sandy slopes; bajadas; sandy pockets in lava outcrops; sand hills; sand hills; sand dunes; sandy plains; gravelly and sandy flats; valleys; sandy embankments; along sandy roadsides; arroyos; along streams; sandy creek beds; along rivers; rocky river beds; rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; sandy banks of washes; alluvial terraces; loamy bottom lands; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-sandy, cindery, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly loam, gravelly-clayey loam and loam soils, and gravelly clay soils, occurring from 200 to 6,300 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. Consider seeding Desert Marigold with native Lupines (Lupinus spp.) and Globemallows (Sphaeralcea spp.) for a late winter and early spring desert wildflower display. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 28 (color photograph), 46 (“It is said that horses crop the heads, but fatal poisoning of sheep and goats eating this plant on overgrazed ranges has been reported.”), 48, 58, 63 (040907), 68 (“Desert Baileya, either fresh or dried, is poisonous to sheep and goats, but not to horses or cattle. The plant is not palatable to sheep, but the showy flower heads are relished, however, the flowering and fruiting heads are nearly twice as poisonous as the green leaves. Goats evidently do not graze the plant under range conditions, but have been poisoned in experimental feeding. Sheep losses from Desert Baileya have occurred in Arizona when green forage is scarce.”), 77 (color photograph #17), 80 (This plant is listed as a Secondary Poisonous Range Plant. “The toxic principle is an unknown water-soluble compound. Plants are toxic to sheep on the range in both the green and dry state. ... Goats have been poisoned by experimental feeding but apparently do not eat the plant on the range. Both cattle and horses graze the plant on the range but no losses have been observed. Losses generally occur only when other feed is short or animals are trailed through dense stands.” See text for additional information.), 85 (082007), 86 (color photograph), WTK (June 2005)*

Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey: Brittlebush

SYNONYMY: Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey var. farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey [superfluous autonym], Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey var. phenicodonta (J. Blake) I.M. Johnston. COMMON NAMES: Brittle Bush, Brittle-bush, Brittlebush, Button Brittlebush, Goldenhills, Hierba Cenisa, Hierba de Gusano, Hierba de las Animas, Hierba del Vaso, Incienso, Rama Blanca, White Brittlebush. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (18 inches to 6 feet in height), the color of the foliage has been described as being dark green, silvery-gray or whitish, the ray flowers yellow or yellow-orange and the disk flowers brown-maroon, dark purple, orange-yellow or yellow, the flowers appear 6 to 12 inches beyond the end of the foliage, flowering generally takes place between early November and late May (additional records: two for late August, one for early September, two for mid-October). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyons; canyon walls; canyon bottoms; buttes; rocky ledges; ridges; rocky ridge tops; foothills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; alluvial fans; bajadas; boulder and rock outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; lava flows; flats; roadsides; springs; creeks; rocky and sandy washes; gravelly and gravelly-sandy terraces; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils and rocky loam soils, occurring from sea level to 4,800 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. Plants with yellow ray flowers and dark purple disk flowers have historically been referred to as variety phenicodonta (Blake) Johnst. and has been observed growing with the typical plant which has yellow disk flowers. Brittle Bush is reportedly browsed by Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis). *5, 6, 13 (color photograph), 16, 18, 26 (color photograph), 28 (color photograph), 46, 48, 58, 63 (040907), 85 (082107), 86 (color photograph), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Encelia farinosa var. farinosa (see Encelia farinosa)

Encelia farinosa var. phenicodonta (see Encelia farinosa)

Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray: Button Brittlebush

SYNONYMY: Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray var. frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray [superfluous autonym]. COMMON NAMES: Button Brittlebush, Green Brittlebush, Green Brittle Bush, Rayless Encelia. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial (leaves are drought deciduous) shrub (1 to 5 feet in height and to 3 feet in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being dark green or gray-green and shiny on the upper surface, the disk flowers yellow or yellow-orange (disk flowers only, no ray flowers), flowering generally takes place between mid-March and early October (additional records: two for late February, four for late October, one for early November, one for mid-November, two for late November and two for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; plateaus; cliff tops; rim rock; canyons; bouldery-gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; bluffs; buttes; foothills; hills; hill tops; hillsides; bouldery, rocky and sandy slopes; bajadas; sand dunes; plains; sandy flats; valley bottoms; roadsides; gulches; seeps; along sandy washes; rocky drainages; sandy margins of creeks; flood plains, and sandy disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-gravelly-sandy, rocky and sandy soils; rocky loam soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 6,400 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46, 63 (041007), 77, 85 (082107), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Encelia frutescens var. frutescens (see Encelia frutescens)

Erigeron lobatus A. Nelson: Lobed Fleabane

COMMON NAMES: Desert Fleabane, Fleabane, Lobed Daisy, Lobed Fleabane. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial biennial forb/herb (4 to 10 inches in height), the color of the ray flower has been described as being blue, blue-lavender, lavender, lavender-blue, lavender-pink, purple, white or white-purple with yellow disk flowers, flowering generally takes place between early February and mid-May (additional records: one for early January, three for mid-January, two for early June, one for mid-June, two for late June, one for mid-July, one for mid-August, two for late August, three for mid-September, one for late September, one for early October, two for late October, one for early November, two for mid-November, one for early December, one for mid-December and one for late December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; crevices in canyon walls; canyon bottoms; rocky hillsides; rocky, rocky-sandy and gravelly slopes; rock outcrops; lava flows; plains; flats; arroyos; seeps; springs; stream beds; along sandy washes; drainages; around water holes; marshes; depressions; along edges of rivers; rocky-sandy beaches; along ditches; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-sandy, shaley, gravelly and sandy soils and sandy clay soils, occurring from 500 to 6,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. *5, 6, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (082207), 77, 85 (082207)*

Eriophyllum lanosum (see Antheropeas lanosum)

Franseria ambrosioides (see Ambrosia ambrosioides)

Franseria confertiflora (see Ambrosia confertiflora)

Franseria deltoidea (see Ambrosia deltoidea)

Franseria dumosa (see Ambrosia dumosa)

Hymenoclea monogyra J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Singlewhorl Burrobrush

COMMON NAMES: Burrobrush, Jecota, Leafy Burrobush, Leafy Burrobrush, Romerillo, Singlewhorl Burrobrush. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (3 to 13 feet in height), the color of the plants has been described as being gray-green, the flowers yellow, flowering generally takes place between September and May. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; sandy canyon bottoms; rocky hills; hillsides; plains; gravelly embankments; along roadsides; sandy arroyo bottoms; stream beds, along rivers; river beds; rocky, cobbly and sandy washes; banks of rivers; sandy flood plains; bottom lands; mesquite bosques; ditches; along canals, and riparian areas in rocky, c