April 17, 2008 Update

TOWNSHIP 11 SOUTH, RANGE 05 WEST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA

Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian

“An increasing need for careful husbandry of the earth’s natural resources has renewed interest

in the classification and mapping of ecosystems. The inventory of our remaining biotic entities is particularly urgent because the increased aspirations of a constantly growing world population

are placing ever greater stress on these generous, but finite, living resources.”

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-73

This photograph was taken looking east northeast toward the Batamote Mountains.

William T. Kendall August 8, 2007

“To know the desert involves an acquaintance with all its aspects, and all its physical features,

as well as all of the animals and plants that have learned how to find in it a congenial place to live. The

most significant lesson that the desert dweller can learn from a familiarity with its plant and animal life is to

regard himself not as an exile from some better place, but as a man at home in an environment to which his life can be adjusted without physical or intellectual loss.” Forest Shreve, The Cactus and

Its Home (Found in Discovering the Desert, by William G. McGinnies)

MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION

William T. Kendall *WTK (observation date, if shown)*.

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data Management System - Special Status Species Reports *8*.

E. Lendell Cockrum, 1960. The Recent Mammals of Arizona: Their Taxonomy and Distribution, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. This Inclusion is based on the general distribution maps and statements. *118 (distribution note, map - Figure Number and Page Number)*.

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION LISTINGS

Species Distribution Listings are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. Species Distribution Listings are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area. Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered works in progress. The source(s) used for the inclusion of the species in a listing is highlighted in green *00* in the footnotes. Due to the lack of first hand knowledge, in the listing of animals, unless otherwise noted in the footnotes, species may be included based on general distribution maps and/or statements and not on an actual sight record. I recommend that we consider a species as being “confirmed” to a township or general listing area only after we have at least three recorded sightings, cited in the footnotes, with no more than one of those records being based on general distribution mapping for the species. Note that the Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) *85* may have several collections recorded for a species within any given township or listing area, and that the date shown in parentheses is a date of the search of their records and not a date of recorded sighting. Note also that many of the individual species collection records found in SEINet include additional associated species.

Individual species records are presented alphabetically by division, class, family and genus within their kingdoms. Following the scientific name is the authority, common synonym(s), common name(s), a general description of the species habitat, the biotic communities in which it has reportedly been observed and footnotes. An attempt is being made to identify the range in mature (flowering/fruiting) heights reported for the plants. The habitat description is provided in order to help you visualize the types of natural habitats the species is found in and ones in which it might be planted back into in a landscape or restoration project. The range in elevation has been rounded off to the nearest 100 feet up, for the higher elevation or down, for the lower elevation. Species reported from within 0 to 100 feet as their lower elevation limit have been recorded as occurring “from sea level”. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, may be noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized into the surrounding native environment.

Local native plants are recommended for use in landscape and restoration projects. Many native species require little, if any, irrigation once established. Ideally restoration should include those plants that were native to the property prior to clearing. In order to determine what plants were native to the property you might try to locate photographs of the property prior to clearing or look for natural areas and remnant populations and plants adjacent to where the restoration is to take place. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density.

The use of native plants in landscape and restoration projects encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty and unique identity and heritage.

Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Questions, concerns, corrections and comments, including the reporting of unrecorded species and information relating to historical distributions, may be sent to the following address: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 86091, Tucson, Arizona 85754-6091, or E-mail to:KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.

DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. These listings are not meant to take the place of on-site surveys for species. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings. Attempts are made to keep the information contained in the Species Distribution Listings as accurate as possible, but Kendall Environmental Surveys disclaims any implied warranty or representation about its accuracy, completeness, or appropriateness for any particular purposes. Users of the information found in the listings assume full responsibility for their use of the information and understand that Kendall Environmental Surveys is not responsible or liable for any claim, loss, or damage resulting from its use.

CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling these plants and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted. Range plants having a known toxic or poisonous property may be so noted. Footnotes for plants whose sources may have cautionary statements, comments and information on rarely poisonous or suspected poisonous range plants may be shown in red (*00*). Many poisonous plants are similar in appearance to edible ones. No field collected plant should be eaten unless you know for a fact that it is safe for you to do so.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Township Notes

Conservation Related Organizations and Nurseries

Listing of Plants

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

Class Liliopsida: The Monocots

Class Magnoliopsida: The Dicots

Listing of Animals

Kingdom Animalia: The Animal Kingdom

Subkingdom Metazoa: The Multicellular Animals

Section Deuterostomia: The Deuterostomes

Phylum Chordata: The Chordates

Subphylum Vertebrata: The Vertebrates

Class Aves: The Birds

Class Mammalia: The Mammals

Class Reptilia: The Reptiles

Acknowledgements

Species Distribution Listings Footnotes and References

TOWNSHIP NOTES

LOCATION: This township is located in northwestern Pima County in south-central Arizona. The township is bounded on the north by the Pima/Maricopa County Line.

Historic Mining Activities: General mining activities included barrow pits and prospecting.

LANDMARKS: A portion of the Batamote Mountains is located within this township. Named washes include the Tenmile Wash and Sikort Chuapo Wash. A portion of this township is located in the Valley of the Ajo.

ELEVATION: Elevations range from approximately 1,310 feet near the northwest corner to approximately 3,202 feet in the Batamote Mountains near the east township line (1).

PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCE: This township is located within the Sonoran Desert Section of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (2).

SOILS: Soils have been described as being Hyperthermic (very hot) Arid Soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of more than 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Centigrade) and less than 10 inches (25 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Gilman - Antho - Valencia Association (deep soils on floodplains and alluvial fans), Gunsight - Rillito - Harqua Association (deep, gravelly, calcareous soils on the upper slopes) and the Rock Outcrop - Lomitas - Cherioni Association (rock outcrops and very shallow, and shallow soils on low hills and mountains) (3).

BIOTIC COMMUNITY: Portions of this township are located within the Lower Colorado River and Arizona Upland Subdivisions of the Sonoran Desertscrub Regional Formation of the Desertscrub Formation with associated Wetlands (4).

Map Printed from TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic

Map of Township and Adjacent Sections

A FEW OF THE NATIVE PLANTS REPORTED AS OCCURRING IN THIS TOWNSHIP THAT MIGHT BE CONSIDERED FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE AND RESTORATION PROJECTS

Trees and Large Shrubs (over 7 feet in height)

Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea - 5’ to 60’)

Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina - 2’ to 56’)

Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida - 40” to 40’)

Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis var. arcuata - 10’ to 33’)

Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota - 10’ to 33’)

Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii - 40” to 25’)

Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta - 2’ to 18’)

Emory Crucifixion Thorn (Castela emoryi - 3’ to 15’)

Greythorn (Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens - 3’ to 13’)

Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata - 20” to 12’)

Fishhook Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni - 2’ to 11’)

Desert Broom (Baccharis sarothroides - 3’ to 10’)

Cane Cholla (Cylindropuntia spinosior - 16” to 10’)

Vines and Climbers

Drummond Clematis (Clematis drummondii - 10’ to 40’)

Shrubs (2 to 7 feet in height)

Canyon Ragweed (Ambrosia ambrosioides - 1’ to 7’)

Desert Christmas Cactus (Cylindropuntia leptocaulis - 1’ to 6’)

White Cheesebush (Hymenoclea salsola - 1’ to 6’)

White Rantany (Krameria grayi - 1’ to 5’)

Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea - 1’ to 4’)

White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa - 7” to 40”)

Grasses

Bush Muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri - 12” to 44”)

Shrubs (under 2’), Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents

Brownfoot (Acourtia wrightii - 12” to 52”)

Desert Unicorn-plant (Proboscidea althaeifolia - 7 to 12”)

Desert Holly (Acourtia nana - 4” to 10”)

CONSERVATION RELATED ORGANIZATIONS AND NURSERIES

Arizona Department of Agriculture

http://www.azda.gov/

The Arizona Department of Agriculture enforces the sections of the Arizona Revised Statutes commonly referred to as the “Arizona Native Plant Law”. The Native Plant Law requires, in part, that anyone who is clearing land notify the State of Arizona in advance of the clearing. Some land owners involved in the clearing of land allow for nurseries and people who are interested in salvaging plants to do so prior to the clearing. The Arizona Department of Agriculture posts these notifications in their county offices. You may also contact the Arizona Department of Agriculture and, for a fee, be put on a mailing list of people receiving copies of the Notices of Intent to Clear Land.

Contact Information: Arizona Department of Agriculture, 1688 West Adams Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85007; 602-542-4373.

Arizona Native Plant Society

http://aznps.org/

The Arizona Native Plant Society is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to Arizona's native plants. Its mission is to promote knowledge, appreciation, conservation, and restoration of Arizona native plants and their habitats. They work with the Southwest Rare Plant Task Force to develop strategies for protecting rare species and their habitats; they keep abreast of conservation issues concerning native plants species and responds to those through their Conservation Committee; they promote the use of native species in residential and commercial landscapes; they publish the Plant Press, support the publication of scholarly works and maintains a website with information and links about native plant, and they host a series of statewide events that provide forums to learn from professionals. Member activities and benefits include chapter and statewide gatherings; field trips and educational presentations; conservation through education, outreach and restoration; habitat restoration projects; informative website, newsletters and journals, and interactions with plant experts and enthusiasts.

LISTING OF SOURCES FOR NATIVE PLANTS AND SEEDS

The Arizona Native Plant Society maintains a listing of Native Plant and Seed Sources at: http://www.aznps.org/sources.html

Contact Information: Arizona Native Plant Society, PO Box 41206, Tucson, Arizona 85717.

Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society

http://www.tucsoncactus.org/

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.

NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts a tremendous amount of time and effort into the

organizing and overseeing of their rescue events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated

members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development. If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew member.

Contact Information: Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759; 520-885-6367.

Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery

http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp

The Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native plant for which there is a buyer.

Contact Information: Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713; 520-791-9309.

Native Seeds/SEARCH

http://www.nativeseeds.org

The Native Seeds/SEARCH is a nonprofit conservation organization that seeks to preserve the crop seeds that connect the Native American cultures to their lands. The mission of the Native Seeds/SEARCH is to conserve, distribute and document the adapted and diverse varieties of agricultural seeds, their wild relatives and the role these seeds play in the cultures of the American Southwest and Northwest Mexico.

Contact Information: Native Seeds/SEARCH, 526 North Fourth Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85705; 520-622-5561, toll free at 866-622-5561, FAX 520-622-5561; e-mail: info@nativeseeds.org

Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse

http://www.tohonochulpark.org/

The Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse offers for sale a wide variety of native and arid adapted plants. Many of these plants require minimal watering once they are established. Flowers, trees, bushes and seeds are sold throughout the year.

Contact Information: Tohono Chul Park, 7366 North Paseo del Norte, Tucson, Arizona 85704-4415; Information: 520-742-6455 (Greenhouse ext. 239), FAX: 520-797-1213, Russ Buhrow, Curator of Plants, 520-742-6455 ext. 234; e-mail: russbuhrow@tohonochulpark.org

Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson

The goal of Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson is to provide experienced care for injured and orphaned wild birds and mammals so that they can be released back into the wild. For assistance with an injured bird or mammal, please call 520-743-0217, briefly explain the situation, being sure to repeat your name and phone number before ending the call.

Contact Information: Lewis and Janet Miller, 3690 Hills of Gold, Tucson, Arizona 85745; 520-743-0217.

LISTING OF PLANTS

STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE PLANTS FROM

COLLECTION, MUTILATION AND DESTRUCTION

* numbers appearing between the asterisks relate to footnotes and sources of information*

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

CLASS LILIOPSIDA: The MONOCOTS

Family Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family

Muhlenbergia porteri F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal (5): Bush Muhly

COMMON NAMES: Bakú (Tarahumara), Bush-grass, Bush Muhly, Hoe Grass, Liendrilla Amacollada (Hispanic), Mesquitegrass, Porter’s Muhlenbergia, Telaraña (Hispanic), Zacate Aparejo (Hispanic). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial graminoid (a bunchgrass, 12 to 44 inches in length and 18 inches to 10 feet in width, several plants were described as being 3 feet in height and 10 feet in width) (6), the color of the stems has been described as being a dull green, the leaves green, purplish-green or yellow-green curing to buff, flowering generally takes place between late July and late October (additional record: one for late February), the seed heads are purplish covering the plant in a misty shroud. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky and stony-sandy mountainsides; mesas; bouldery and rocky canyons; rocky canyon sides; rocky cliffs; talus slopes; crevices in rocks; buttes; ledges; rocky ridge tops; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; along bouldery, rocky, rocky-loamy, gravelly and sandy slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; lava fields; dune-like areas of fine blow sand; gravelly plains; gravelly-sandy and sandy flats; valley bottoms; rocky and gravelly roadsides; rocky arroyos; gulches; ravines; bouldery stream beds; along rivers; along and in rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, gravelly and sandy washes; bouldery-cobbly and rocky drainages; around ponds; gravelly-sandy banks; gravelly terraces; sandy flood plains; mesquite bosques; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-cobbly, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky loam, rocky-clayey loam, cobbly-sandy loam, gravelly loam, sandy loam and loam soils; gravelly clay soils, and sandy silty and silty soils, occurring from 900 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. In areas where it occurs naturally, consider including Bush Muhly seed in all reseeding mixtures. When re-vegetating desert washes consider planting Bush Muhly along with Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta), Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii), Limberbush (Jatropha cardiophylla), Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea) and White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa). Bush Muhly is browsed by the Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis subsp. mexicana). *5, 6, 15, 16, 30, 33, 46, 48, 58, 63 (051907), 77, 85 (110607), 105 (“This was formerly one of the most abundant and important grasses of southern Arizona, but is found now largely as individual plants under the protection of shrubs. ... Where possible this grass should be allowed to set a full crop of seed during the summer growing season at least every second or third year. Deferment of grazing during July and August every year is recommended on run-down ranges.”), WTK (August 2007)*

Schismus barbatus (P. Loefling ex C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung: Common Mediterranean Grass

COMMON NAMES: Common Mediterranean Grass, Mediterraneangrass, Zacate Mediterrane Comun. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual graminoid (1 to 14 inches in height), flowering generally takes place between November and mid-May. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky cliffs; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; rocky talus; rocky ridges; hill tops; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; sand dunes; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; roadsides; along streams; along gravelly-sandy creek beds; along rivers; gravelly river beds; gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy banks; benches; gravelly terraces; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-gravelly, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from 400 to 4,500 feet (one record at 7,880 feet) in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22 (color photograph), 33, 46, 58, 63 (040407), 68, 77, 85 (081507), WTK (June 2005)*

CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA: The DICOTS

Family Asteraceae (Compositae): The Aster Family

Acourtia nana (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (5): Dwarf Desertpeony

SYNONYMY: Perezia nana A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: Ban Auppa-ga (Gila River Pima), Desert Holly, Dwarf Desertpeony. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb (4 to 10 inches in height) (6), the color of the holly-like leaves has been described as being pale grayish-green or olive-green, the flowers cream, lavender, lavender-pink, pink, light purple, white or white-pink, flowering generally takes place between late March and early June (additional records: one for late January, one for late February, one for early July, one for early August, one for mid-August, one for late September, one for mid-October, one for mid-November and two for mid-December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mountains; mesas; rocky foothills; gravelly hills; gravelly hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; amongst boulders; gravelly plains; gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy flats; roadsides; arroyos; rocky gullies; in gravelly-sandy and sandy-clayey washes; drainages; banks of washes; benches; gravelly terraces; flood plains; mesquite mosques; riparian areas, and disturbed areas usually under shrubs and trees in rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; clay loam and silty loam soils, and sandy clay soils, occurring from 1,200 to 6,300 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, consider using Desert Holly as a ground cover under larger shrubs and trees. The flowers give off a fragrance similar to that of violets or lilacs. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Perezia nana Gray), 58, 63 (031408), 77, 85 (031908), WTK (August 2007)*

Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King: Brownfoot

SYNONYMY: Perezia wrightii A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: Brownfoot, Desert Holly, Perezia, Pink Perezia. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb (12 to 52 inches in height, one plant was recorded as being 12 inches in height with a crown 12 inches in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being dark green (and holly-like), the flowers lavender, pink, pink-brown, pink-lavender, pinkish-purple, purple, white, white and pink or whitish-maroon, flowering generally takes place between early February and early July and sometimes in autumn between early September and early November (additional records: one for late November and one for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; plateaus; rock cliffs; rocky canyons; rocky canyon bottoms; crater walls; talus slopes; bases of cliffs; buttes; along ledges; ridges; ridge tops; foothills; rocky, stony-gravelly and sandy hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; gravelly bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; rocky plains; rocky flats; railroad right-of-ways; roadsides; along arroyos; gullies; ravines; seeps; along creeks; along rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; along drainages; rocky banks of streams; beaches; river basins; flood plains; mesquite bosques; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; bouldery, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony-gravelly, gravelly and sandy soils; rocky silty loam, sandy loam, silty-clayey loam and silty loam soils, and silty soils, occurring from 700 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reportedly fragrant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46, 58, 63 (040507), 77, 85 (081507), WTK (August 2007)*

Ambrosia ambrosioides (A.J. Cavanilles) W.W. Payne: Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed

SYNONYMY: Franseria ambrosioides A.J. Cavanilles. COMMON NAMES: Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed, Burr Sage, Bur-sage, Bursage, Canyon Ragweed, Chicura (Hispanic), Leaf Burr Ragweed, Nu Nu Ju Its (Tohono O’odham), Tinkl (Seri). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial cold- and drought-deciduous subshrub or shrub (1 to 7 feet in height), the color of the branches has been described as being reddish-brown with white hairs, the leaves dull gray-green or green, the flowers yellowish or yellowish-green, flowering generally takes place between mid-February and early May (additional records: two for mid-January, one for early June, one for mid-June and one for mid-September), the fruits are burrs. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; rocky, gravelly and gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; bases of cliffs; crevices in rocks; foothills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; rocky outcrops; soil pockets in rocks; plains; coastal plains; along roadsides; arroyos; arroyo bottoms; along seeping streams; along streams; rocky and sandy stream beds; along creeks; creek beds; along rivers; river beds; along and in rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; along sandy drainages; rocky and sandy banks; around water holes; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky loam and sandy-clayey loam soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria ambrosioides Cav.), 63 (040707), 77 (color photograph #67), 85 (081507), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia deltoidea (J. Torrey) F.W. Payne: Triangle Burr Ragweed

SYNONYMY: Franseria deltoidea J. Torrey. COMMON NAMES: Burrobush, Bur-sage, Bursage, Chamizo Forrajero, Chicurilla, Rabbit Bush, Kokomak Segoi (Pima), Shegoi (Pima), Todshag (Papago), Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle-leaf Bursage, Triangle-leaved Bursage, Triangle-leaf Burr Ragweed. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (1 to 4 feet in height), the color of the leaves has been described as being gray, gray-green or green, the flowers greenish, greenish-yellow, purple or white, flowering generally takes place between early January and late April. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; ridges; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; lava flows; dunes; sandy plains; rocky, gravelly and sandy flats; valleys; roadsides; around seeping streams; runnels; river beds; along sandy washes; rocky banks of creeks; gravelly terraces, and flood plains in desert pavement; rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam soils, and rocky clay, gravelly clay and sandy clay soils, occurring from 100 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Triangleleaf Bursage serves as a nurse plant for Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria deltoidea Torr.), 63 (040707), 77 (color photograph #68), 85 (081607), 91, WTK (August 2007)*

Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) F.W. Payne: Burrobush

SYNONYMY: Franseria dumosa A. Gray. COMMON NAMES: Burro Bush, Burrobush, Burro Weed, Burro-weed, Burroweed, Bur Sage, Bur-sage, Chamizo, Chicurilla, Hierba del Burro, White Bur-sage, White Bursage, White Burrobush. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial cold- and drought-deciduous subshrub or shrub (7 to 40 inches in height, one low mound-shaped plant was reported to be 40 inches in width), the color of the branches has been described as being gray, tan or white, the leaves blue-green-gray, gray-green or white-tomentose, the flowers cream, cream-yellow, greenish, green-yellow or yellow, flowering generally takes place between early February and late April (additional records: one for early January, one for mid-January, two for mid-May, one for mid-June, one for late June, four for late September, one for early October, one for mid-November, one for late November and two for mid-December), the fruits are spiny burs. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mountainsides; gravelly mesas; canyons; buttes; ridges; bouldery ridge tops; rocky hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; alluvial fans; bajadas; amongst boulders; lava fields; sand hills; sand dunes; gravelly plains; gravelly and sandy flats; sand sheets; sandy valleys; gravelly roadsides; arroyos; along sandy washes; banks of stream beds and washes; benches; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, and may live to be more than 100 years of age with an estimated average longevity of 35.7 years. This plant is a host for the parasitic Sand Root (Pholisma sonorae). In the re-vegetation of disturbed sites more success may be achieved through the use of transplanted plants than from over-seeding. White Bursage serves as a nurse plant for Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Franseria dumosa Gray), 63 (040907), 77, 85 (081707), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Ambrosia salsola (see footnote 85 under Hymenoclea salsola)

Aplopappus spinulosus (see footnote 46 under Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida)

Aplopappus spinulosus var. turbinellus (see footnote 46 under Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida)

Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Desertbroom

COMMON NAMES: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Caasot Caocl (Seri), Desert Broom, Desert-broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush, Rosin-brush, Soosk Vaks “Wet Shoes” (Maricopa?). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height, one plant 40 inches in height was described as being 40 inches in width), the color of the foliage has been described as being bright green or yellow-green, the flowers (dioecious) cream, rust, white or yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-September and late February (additional records: one for mid-March, two for late March, two for mid-April, one for late April, one for mid-July, one for early August and one for late August). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyons; canyon bottoms; chasms; ridges; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; sandy plains; flats; valley floors; roadsides; along arroyos; sandy arroyo bottoms; gullies; springs; along streams; stream beds; along creeks; gravelly creek beds; along rivers; gravelly river beds; gravelly and sandy washes; playas; along gravelly and sandy banks of arroyos and washes; beaches; flood plains; bottom lands; along drainage ditches; along canals; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils and clay soils, occurring from sea level to 5,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, consider planting only male plants to eliminate seed production. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 26 (color photograph), 28 (color photograph), 46, 48, 58, 63 (040907), 77, 85 (082007), WTK (June 2005)*

Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray: Button Brittlebush

SYNONYMY: Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray var. frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray [superfluous autonym]. COMMON NAMES: Button Brittlebush, Green Brittlebush, Green Brittle Bush, Rayless Encelia. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial (leaves are drought deciduous) shrub (1 to 5 feet in height and to 3 feet in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being dark green or gray-green and shiny on the upper surface, the disk flowers yellow or yellow-orange (disk flowers only, no ray flowers), flowering generally takes place between mid-March and early October (additional records: two for late February, four for late October, one for early November, one for mid-November, two for late November and two for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; plateaus; cliff tops; rim rock; canyons; bouldery-gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; bluffs; buttes; foothills; hills; hill tops; hillsides; bouldery, rocky and sandy slopes; bajadas; sand dunes; plains; sandy flats; valley bottoms; roadsides; gulches; seeps; along sandy washes; rocky drainages; sandy margins of creeks; flood plains, and sandy disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-gravelly-sandy, rocky and sandy soils; rocky loam soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 6,400 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46, 63 (041007), 77, 85 (082107), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Encelia frutescens var. frutescens (see Encelia frutescens)

Franseria ambrosioides (see Ambrosia ambrosioides)

Franseria deltoidea (see Ambrosia deltoidea)

Franseria dumosa (see Ambrosia dumosa)

Haplopappus spinulosus (see Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida)

Haplopappus spinulosus var. turbinellus (see Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida)

Hymenoclea salsola J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Burrobrush

COMMON NAMES: Burro Brush, Burrobrush, Cheeseweed, Ivdat (Pima), Jecota, Romerillo, White Burrobrush, White Burrobush, White Burro-bush, White Cheesebush. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub (1 to 7 feet in height, one plant was reported to be 3 feet in height and 2 feet in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being creamish-green, dark green or yellow-green, the flowers cream, creamish-green, metallic gold, silvery, silvery-white, white or light yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-February and late May, the fruit has silvery-white wings. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky canyons; buttes; cinder cones; foothills; rocky and sandy hills; rocky, cindery and sandy slopes; bajadas; sand dunes; sandy plains; sandy flats; valleys; along rocky and sandy roadsides; arroyos; arroyo bottoms; gullies; gravelly-sandy ravines; stream beds; along rivers; sandy river beds; along gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy drainages; around ponds; rocky-gravelly banks; bouldery beaches; loamy bottom lands; flood plains, and disturbed areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony, cindery, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; clayey loam and loam soils, and sandy silty and silty soils, occurring from sea level to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. White Cheesebush may be useful in the re-vegetation of disturbed sites. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28 (color photograph), 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (070807), 85 (also recorded as Ambrosia salsola (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J.L. Strother & B.G. Baldwin - 082307), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Perezia nana (see Acourtia nana)

Perezia wrightii (see Acourtia wrightii)

Family Bignoniaceae: The Trumpet-creeper Family

Chilopsis linearis (A.J. Cavanilles) R. Sweet subsp. arcuata (F.R. Fosberg) J.S. Henrickson: Desert Willow

SYNONYMY: Chilopsis linearis (A.J. Cavanilles) R. Sweet var. arcuata F.R. Fosberg. COMMON NAMES: Desert Catalpa, Desert Willow, Flowering Willow, Jano, Mimbre, Western Desert-willow. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (10 to 33 feet in height and 10 to 30 feet in width), the leaves are curved and roughly 3 to 5 ½ in length and 1/8 to 1/4 inch in width, the color of the flowers has been described as being pink, purple with yellow markings, white or whitish tinged with lavender and yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-April and mid-August (additional records: one for late September and one for early October). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; foothills; plains; flats; along roadsides; along streams; along rocky creeks; along and in sandy washes; drainages, and riparian areas in rocky and sandy soils and rocky-gravelly loam soils, occurring from 1,300 to 6,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Desert Willow may be useful in controlling erosion. *5, 6, 13 (“The desert willows have been used widely as ornamentals. They are prized for their graceful habit and large, attractive, sweet-scented flowers.”), 18 (sp.), 26 (color photographs of species - sp.), 28 (color photograph of species, sp.), 46, 48 (sp.), 52 (color photograph of species, sp.), 53, 58, 63 (110707), 74 (sp.), 85 (110707), 86 (color photograph of species), 91 (sp.), WTK (June 2005)*

Family Boraginaceae: The Borage Family

Amsinckia echinata (see Amsinckia menziesii var, intermedia)

Amsinckia intermedia (see Amsinckia menziesii var, intermedia)

Amsinckia intermedia var. echinata (see Amsinckia menziesii var, intermedia)

Amsinckia menziesii (J.G. Lehmann) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbride var, intermedia (F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey) F.R. Ganders: Common Fiddleneck

SYNONYMY: Amsinckia echinata A. Gray, Amsinckia intermedia F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey, Amsinckia intermedia F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey var. echinata (A. Gray) I.L. Wiggins. COMMON NAMES: Coast Fiddleneck, Common Fiddleneck, Fiddleneck, Devil’s Lettuce, Fiddleneck, Finger Weed, Kurttukeltalemmikki, Menzies Fiddleneck, Ranchers Fireweed, Sacoto Gordo, Tarweed, Yellow Burnweed, Yellow Burrweed, Yellow Forget Me Not, Yellow Tarweed. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 to 30 inches in height), the color of the flowers has been described as being orange, orange-yellow or yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-February and early May (additional records: one for late January, two for late May and one for late November). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky mountainsides; mesas; canyon bottoms; ridges; ridge tops; foothills; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; amongst boulders; sandy dunes; gravelly and sandy flats; roadsides; along arroyos; seeps; along streams; along creeks; along creek beds; along rivers; river beds; along rocky-sandy, gravelly-sandy, sandy and sandy-loamy washes; sandy drainages; swales; sandy banks; rocky and gravelly terraces; loamy bottom lands; silty flood plains; edges of stock tanks; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; sandy loam and loam soils, and silty soils, occurring from 900 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28, 46 (Amsinckia spp. - “The plants are very abundant on sandy or gravelly soil in western and southern Arizona, and are reported to make good spring forage while young. On the other hand it has been reported that horses, cattle, and swine eating the nutlets may develop cirrhosis of the liver.”), 58, 63 (041507), 68 (“The mature seeds have been demonstrated to cause hepatic cirrhosis, known as “hard liver disease” of cattle and swine., and the “walking disease” of horses. Sheep are either immune or highly resistant to the poison. The disease is common in the Pacific Northwest, but not in Arizona. This plant also may cause nitrate poisoning.”), 77 (color photograph labeled Amsinckia intermedia #7), 80 (This plant (Amsinckia intermedia and others) is listed as a Rarely Poisonous and Suspected Poisonous Range Plant. “Cattle, horses and swine may be poisoned by an unknown liver toxin from eating large amounts of the seeds of this desert annual. Also plants may cause nitrate poisoning.”), 85 (082607), 86, 101, WTK (June 2005)*

Family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): The Mustard Family

Sisymbrium irio C. Linnaeus: London Rocket

COMMON NAMES: London Rocket, Pamita, Pamiton, Rocket Mustard. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual forb/herb (8 inches to 5 feet in height), the flowers are yellow, flowering generally takes place between mid-December and mid-April (additional records: one for late July, two for mid-August, three for late August, one for mid-September, one for late September, one for early October, two for mid-October, one for early November and three for late November). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; canyons; buttes; rock ledges; ridge tops; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; rocky outcrops; plains; rocky and gravelly flats; valleys; railroad right-of-ways; gravelly and sandy roadsides; arroyos; springs; along streams; along creeks; creek beds; river beds; along and in gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy drainages; sandy banks; terraces; loamy bottom lands; flood plains; mesquite bosques; riparian areas; waste places, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-cobbly; rocky-cobbly-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils, and sandy loam and loam soils, occurring from 100 to 10,300 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 28 (color photograph), 46, 58, 63 (042007), 68, 77, 85 (082807), 101 (color photograph), WTK (June 2005)*

Family Cactaceae: The Cactus Family

Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Saguaro

SYNONYMY: Cereus giganteus G. Engelmann. COMMON NAMES: Giant Cactus, Giant Cereus, Ha Shun (Pima), Mashad (Tohono O’odham), “Pitahaya” (Spanish Conquistadors), Saguaro, Sahuaro. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial succulent tree (5 to 60 feet in height and 1 to 2½ feet in diameter), the flowers are a waxy creamy-white, 2 to 3 inches across, opening at about 8 p.m. and closing at about 5 p.m. the next day, flowering generally takes place between late April and mid-June (additional records: one for mid-July, one for early September and one for early October), the ripe fruits split into 2 to 6 segments that curl back to reveal the red inner lining of the rinds which are sometimes mistakenly thought to be red flowers. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyon walls; ridges; ridgelines; rocky foothills; rocky and gravelly hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; stabilized dunes; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; valleys; along arroyos; along and in river beds; in sandy washes, and flood plains in bouldery, rocky, gravelly and sandy soils and gravelly loam and sandy-clayey loam soils, occurring from 100 to 5,100 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. Saguaros are very slow to establish, a 5 year old plant may be no more than ¼ to ½ inch in height. The growth rate of Saguaros is extremely variable. William G. McGinnies in his book “Discovering the Desert” reports that a plant 36 inches in height may be from 20 to 50 years of age, he also presents a table of typical growth rates reporting the following: 4 inches - 8.0 years, 8 inches - 12.5 years, 16 inches - 19.1 years, 32 inches - 27.3 years, 3.3 feet - 30.3 years, 6.6 feet - 40.5 years, 10 feet - 47.5 years, 13 feet - 54 years, 16 feet - 60.0 years, 18 feet - 74.0 years. 20 feet - 83.0 years, 25 feet - 107.0 years, 30 feet - 131.0 years, and 35 feet - 157.0 years. The growth rate of propagated and cultivated saguaros is much faster. One of the largest known saguaros, located in Saguaro National Monument, was reported to be 52 feet in height, had 52 arms, weighed an estimated 10 tons and was thought to be 235 years of age. The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae), Curved-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma curvirostre), Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers. Coyotes (Canis latrans), Javelina (Peccari tajacu) and White-winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica) as well as other animals and birds feed on the saguaro fruit and seeds. Gila Woodpeckers (Melanerpes uropygialis) and Gilded Flickers (Colaptes chrysoides) make holes in this plant for their nests which are later utilized by Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens), Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), Elf Owls (Micrathene whitneyi), House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), Lucy’s Warbler (Vermivora luciae), Purple Martins (Progne subis), and Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus). Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), White-winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica) and other birds nest on the arms of the plant. *5, 6, 12 (color photograph, Cereus giganteus Engelm.), 13 (color photographs, in habitat with associated species Plates C.2 and D.3), 15 (color photograph on Page 77 includes habitat and associated species), 16, 18 (Carnegiea gigantea), 26 (color photograph, Carnegiea gigantea), 27 (color photograph, Cereus giganteus), 28 (color photograph, Cereus giganteus), 38 (color photograph), 45 (color photograph, Carnegiea gigantea), 46 (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose), 48 (Cereus giganteus), 52 (color photograph, Cereus giganteus), 53 (Cereus giganteus Engelm.), 58, 63 (042207), 77 (color photograph #63), 85 (082907), 86 (color photograph, Cereus gigantea), 91 (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose), 107, 119 (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) B.&R.), WTK (June 2005)*

Cereus giganteus (see Carnegiea gigantea)

Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (A.P. de Candolle) F.M. Knuth: Christmas Cactus

SYNONYMY: Opuntia leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle. COMMON NAMES: Agujilla, Christmas Cactus, Christmas Cholla, Darning Needle Cactus, Desert Christmas Cactus, Desert Christmas Cholla, Diamond Cactus, Holycross Cholla, Pencil-joint Cholla, Pipestem Cactus, Rattail Cactus, Tajasilla, Tasajilla (Hispanic), Tasajillo, Tesajo (Hispanic). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (1 to 6 feet in height (sometimes becoming vine-like and growing upwards with support 8 to 15 feet in height), one plant was reported as being 2 feet in height and 2 feet in width, one plant was reported as being 2½ feet in height and 5 feet in width, one plant was reported as being 40 inches in height and 5 feet in width, one plant was reported as being 4 feet in height and 8 feet in width, one plant was reported as being 5 feet in height and 8¼ feet in width), the color of the stems has been described as being gray-green, green or yellow-green, the spines gray-brown, purple-brown or yellow-brown often being paler toward the tip, the flowers bronze, cream, green, green-yellow, yellow or whitish, flowering generally takes place between early April and late June (additional records: one for mid-July and one for late July), the spineless (with glochids) fleshy fruits are coral, orange, orange-red, red, reddish-orange or yellow when mature. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; sandy mountainsides; mesas; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; rocky ledges; gravelly ridges; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; gravelly bajadas; rock outcrops; sand hills; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; valleys; arroyos; along ravines; along washes; sandy drainages; benches; terraces; bottom lands; flood plains, and disturbed areas often found growing within grasses, shrubs or trees in desert pavement; rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam, clayey loam and silty loam soils, and loamy clay soils, occurring from sea level to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Desert Christmas Cactus is believed to have a life span of about 50 years. A high mortality rate is to be expected with plants coming into contact with fire. Hummingbirds have been observed visiting the flowers. The fruits are eaten by birds and small mammals. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS has not been recognized in BONAP, species remains as Opuntia leptocaulis (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12 (Opuntia leptocaulis DC.), 15, 16, 18, 26 (gen. - Opuntia), 27 (color photograph), 28 (color photograph, Opuntia leptocaulis), 45 (color photograph), 46 (Opuntia leptocaulis DC.), 48 (gen. - Opuntia), 58, 63 (053107), 77, 85 (100507), 86 (color photograph, Opuntia leptocaulis), 91 (Opuntia leptocaulis DC.), 119 (Opuntia leptocaulis DC.), WTK (August 2007)*

Cylindropuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth: Walkingstick Cactus

SYNONYMY: Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey. COMMON NAMES: Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (16 inches to 10 feet in height), the color of the stems has been described as being brown-green, grayish-maroon, grayish-purple, green, purple or purplish-green, the spines brown, gray, pink, purplish-gray or reddish-gray, the glochids are yellowish-white, the flowers brown, green-yellow, magenta, magenta-red, maroon, orange, pink, purple, purple-pink, red, red and yellow, saffron, terra cotta, white or yellow, flowering generally takes place between early April and early July (additional records: three for early January, two for early February, one for late July and one for early August), the fleshy ripe fruits are bright lemon-yellow, yellow or yellow-green and remain on the plant for some time. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mountainsides; mesas; canyons; talus, ridgelines; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst rocks; plains; gravelly, gravelly-sandy and silty flats; valleys; arroyos; along creeks; creek beds; along sandy washes; along drainages; banks; terraces; flood plains; mesquite bosques; sandy flood channels, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; silty-clayey loam and silty loam soils, and silty soils, occurring from 1,000 to over 6,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) nests in the branches. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS has not been recognized in BONAP, species remains as Opuntia spinosior (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12 (color photograph - Opuntia spinosior), 15, 16, 26 (gen. - Opuntia), 27 (color photograph), 28 (color photograph), 45 (color photographs), 46, 48 (gen. - Opuntia), 53, 58, 63 (110807), 77, 85 (110807), 119, WTK (August 2007)*

Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Candy Barrelcactus

COMMON NAMES: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrel, Candy Barrel Cactus, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fish-hook Barrel, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial succulent shrub or tree (2 to 11 feet in height and 1 to 2 feet in diameter), the flowers are orange, orange-yellow, parchment, pinkish-red, red, red-orange, yellow or yellow-orange, flowering generally takes place between mid-July and mid-October (additional records: one for early January, three for early March, five for mid-March, two for late March, one for early April, one for mid-April, one for late April and two for early June) the ripe fruits are yellow and may remain on the plant until the next flowering period. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky mountainsides; mesas; canyon walls; sandy canyon bottoms; foothills; bouldery hills; hillsides; rocky and cobbly slopes; alluvial fans; bajadas; rocky outcrops; plains; gravelly flats; arroyos; along washes, and flood plains in desert pavement; bouldery, rocky, cobbly, gravelly and sandy soils, and sandy-clayey loam and clayey loam soils, occurring from 500 to 5,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. Fishhook Barrel Cacti are very slow to establish. A 4 year old plant may be no more than 1½ inches in height and 2 inches in width, and an 8 year old plant may be no more that 4¼ inches in height and 4¾ inches in width. Fishhook Barrel Cacti may live to be over 130 years of age. The growth rate of propagated and cultivated barrel cacti is much faster. The fruits are eaten by animals and the seeds are eaten by birds and rodents. *5, 6, 12 (color photograph), 15, 16, 18, 26 (color photograph, gen.), 27 (color photograph), 28, 45 (color photograph), 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 63 (042807), 77 (color photograph #10), 85 (also recorded as Ferocactus wislizeni var. wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose 100707), 91, 119, WTK (June 2005)*

Ferocactus wislizeni var. wislizeni (see footnote 85 under Ferocactus wislizenii)

Opuntia leptocaulis (see Cylindropuntia leptocaulis)

Opuntia spinosior (see Cylindropuntia spinosior)

Family Euphorbiaceae: The Spurge Family

Chamaesyce S.F. Gray: Sandmat

COMMON NAMES: Sandmat *63 (0323070, WTK (August 2007)*

Family Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family

Acacia constricta G. Bentham: Whitethorn Acacia

COMMON NAMES: Chaparo Prieta, Chaparro Prieto, Common Whitethorn, Garabato, Gigantillo, Huisache, Largoncillo, Mescat Acacia, Twinthorn Acacia, Vara Prieta, Vinorama, Whitethorn Acacia, White Thorn, Yellow Cat Claw. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial deciduous (drought and cold) shrub or tree (2 to 18 feet in height and about the same in width, one plant was reported to be 8 feet in height and 8 feet in width) , the spines are white, the small flowers are golden-yellow, orange-yellow or yellow, flowering generally takes place between late April and late October (additional records: one for early March and one for early April), the fruits are brown, purple-red or reddish. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; canyons; canyon bottoms; ridges; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; gravelly bajadas; amongst boulders; sandy-loamy plains; gravelly flats; along rocky arroyos; arroyo bottoms; creeks; along gravelly, gravelly-sandy, sandy and silty-clayey washes; sandy banks of washes; sandy bottom lands; flood plains, and riparian areas in bouldery, rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky-clayey loam, gravelly loam and sandy loam soils, and silty clay soils, occurring from 1,200 to 5,000 feet (infrequently to as low as 500 feet and to as high as 9,200 feet) in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are fragrant. Whitethorn Acacia is used for food by the Desert Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus). *5, 6, 13 (color photograph), 15, 16, 18, 26 (color photograph), 28 (color photograph), 46, 48, 63 (101607), 68, 77, 80 (This species is listed as a Major Poisonous Range Plant. “The plants are high in cyanide forming-compounds and have been reported to cause death of cattle in Arizona. In general, the plants are not palatable to livestock although the pods are grazed. However, in the fall of the year at or near frost time, when the range grasses become less palatable, cattle may eat heavily of these plants and death is likely to result. ... Animals should be removed from heavily infested areas during the early frost period or considerable death losses may occur.” See text for additional information.), 85 (101607), 91, WTK (June 2005)*

Acacia greggii var. arizonica (see Acacia greggii var. greggii)

Acacia greggii A. Gray var. greggii: Catclaw Acacia

SYNONYMY: Acacia greggii A. Gray var. arizonica P.T. Isley. COMMON NAMES: Acacia, Algarroba, Cat Claw, Catclaw, Cat Claw Acacia, Catclaw Acacia, Cat’s-claw, Devil’s Catclaw, Devil’s Claw, Devil’s-claw, Devilsclaw, Gatuno, Gregg Catclaw, Gregg’s Acacia, Tearblanket, Tepame, Tesota, Texas Mimosa, Una de Gato, Wait-a-minute. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial winter deciduous shrub or tree (40 inches to 25 feet in height with a broad crown), the leaves are green or grey-green, the fragrant flowers are yellow, yellow-green or white catkins, flowering generally takes place between mid-March and mid-July (additional records: two for late August, one for mid-September, two for late September, one for early October, two for mid-October, one for early November, one for mid-November and one for early December), the fruits (twisted seed pods) are brownish-red. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mountainsides; mesas; canyons; rocky and sandy canyon bottoms; rocky bluffs; rocky and sandy ridges; rocky slopes; amongst boulders; flats; valleys; edges of arroyos; draws; ravines; along streams; along creeks; along rivers; along sandy washes; drainages; flood plains, and riparian areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky-gravelly loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and gravelly clay soils, occurring from slightly above sea level to 5,300 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13 (color photograph, sp.), 15 (sp.), 16 (Acacia greggii A. Gray var. arizonica P.T. Isley), 18 (sp.), 26 (color photograph, sp.), 28 (color photograph, sp.), 46 (sp. - “This is probably the most heartily disliked plant in the state, the sharp, strong prickles tearing the clothes and lacerating the flesh.”), 48 (sp. - “A good honey plant but a poisonous weed on range lands.”), 52 (sp.) 53, (sp.) 58, 63 (043007), 77 (sp.), 80 (The species is listed as a Secondary Poisonous Range Plant. “Plants contain cyanide-forming compounds and symptoms are typical of cyanide poisoning. The new foliage is relished by cattle in the early spring. It also may be grazed considerably during dry seasons or drouth periods when other feed is short. Plants are most dangerous in the fall during first frosts. Cattle are most often poisoned, but losses in Arizona are not heavy. Poisoning may be prevented by deferring heavily infested areas during the early frost periods.” See text for additional information.), 85 (101607), 91 (sp.), WTK (June 2005)*

Cercidium floridum (see Parkinsonia florida)

Olneya tesota A. Gray: Desert Ironwood

COMMON NAMES: Arizona Ironwood, Comitin, Desert Iron Wood, Desert Ironwood, Ho Id Cam (Pima), Ironwood, Palo de Hierro, Palo-de-hierro, Palo Fierro, Tesota. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (10 to 33 feet in height and about the same in width), the color of the leaves has been described as being bluish-green, gray or gray-green, the flowers lavender, pink, pink-lavender, purplish, violet, white or yellowish, flowering generally takes place between early April and late June (additional records: one for early January and one for early March). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains; gravelly and sandy mesas; rocky and sandy canyons; canyon bottoms; ridges; along bluffs; buttes; rocky foothills; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst boulders; sand dunes; plains; rocky and gravelly flats; rocky and sandy arroyos; along gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; along gravelly-sandy and sandy banks of washes; benches; flood plains, and riparian areas in desert pavement and bouldery, rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils, occurring from sea level to 3,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The trees are browsed by Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis). Hummingbirds including the Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae), Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa spp.) and the Solitary Bee (Centris pallida) h