April 17, 2008 Update

TOWNSHIP 11 SOUTH, RANGE 04 WEST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA

Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian

“An increasing need for careful husbandry of the earth’s natural resources has renewed interest

in the classification and mapping of ecosystems. The inventory of our remaining biotic entities is particularly urgent because the increased aspirations of a constantly growing world population

are placing ever greater stress on these generous, but finite, living resources.”

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-73

This photograph was taken looking south along the west flank of the Sikort Chuapo Mountains.

William T. Kendall June 25, 2005

“To know the desert involves an acquaintance with all its aspects, and all its physical features,

as well as all of the animals and plants that have learned how to find in it a congenial place to live. The

most significant lesson that the desert dweller can learn from a familiarity with its plant and animal life is to

regard himself not as an exile from some better place, but as a man at home in an environment to which his life can be adjusted without physical or intellectual loss.” Forest Shreve, The Cactus and

Its Home (Found in Discovering the Desert, by William G. McGinnies)

MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION

William T. Kendall *WTK (observation date, if shown)*.

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data Management System - Special Status Species Reports *8*.

Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) *85 (date of search for information on species)*.

E. Lendell Cockrum, 1960. The Recent Mammals of Arizona: Their Taxonomy and Distribution, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. This Inclusion is based on the general distribution maps and statements. *118 (distribution note, map - Figure Number and Page Number)*.

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION LISTINGS

Species Distribution Listings are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. Species Distribution Listings are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area. Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered works in progress. The source(s) used for the inclusion of the species in a listing is highlighted in green *00* in the footnotes. Due to the lack of first hand knowledge, in the listing of animals, unless otherwise noted in the footnotes, species may be included based on general distribution maps and/or statements and not on an actual sight record. I recommend that we consider a species as being “confirmed” to a township or general listing area only after we have at least three recorded sightings, cited in the footnotes, with no more than one of those records being based on general distribution mapping for the species. Note that the Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) *85* may have several collections recorded for a species within any given township or listing area, and that the date shown in parentheses is a date of the search of their records and not a date of recorded sighting. Note also that many of the individual species collection records found in SEINet include additional associated species.

Individual species records are presented alphabetically by division, class, family and genus within their kingdoms. Following the scientific name is the authority, common synonym(s), common name(s), a general description of the species habitat, the biotic communities in which it has reportedly been observed and footnotes. An attempt is being made to identify the range in mature (flowering/fruiting) heights reported for the plants. The habitat description is provided in order to help you visualize the types of natural habitats the species is found in and ones in which it might be planted back into in a landscape or restoration project. The range in elevation has been rounded off to the nearest 100 feet up, for the higher elevation or down, for the lower elevation. Species reported from within 0 to 100 feet as their lower elevation limit have been recorded as occurring “from sea level”. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, may be noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized into the surrounding native environment.

Local native plants are recommended for use in landscape and restoration projects. Many native species require little, if any, irrigation once established. Ideally restoration should include those plants that were native to the property prior to clearing. In order to determine what plants were native to the property you might try to locate photographs of the property prior to clearing or look for natural areas and remnant populations and plants adjacent to where the restoration is to take place. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density.

The use of native plants in landscape and restoration projects encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty and unique identity and heritage.

Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Questions, concerns, corrections and comments, including the reporting of unrecorded species and information relating to historical distributions, may be sent to the following address: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 86091, Tucson, Arizona 85754-6091, or E-mail to:KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.

DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. These listings are not meant to take the place of on-site surveys for species. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings. Attempts are made to keep the information contained in the Species Distribution Listings as accurate as possible, but Kendall Environmental Surveys disclaims any implied warranty or representation about its accuracy, completeness, or appropriateness for any particular purposes. Users of the information found in the listings assume full responsibility for their use of the information and understand that Kendall Environmental Surveys is not responsible or liable for any claim, loss, or damage resulting from its use.

CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling these plants and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted. Range plants having a known toxic or poisonous property may be so noted. Footnotes for plants whose sources may have cautionary statements, comments and information on rarely poisonous or suspected poisonous range plants may be shown in red (*00*). Many poisonous plants are similar in appearance to edible ones. No field collected plant should be eaten unless you know for a fact that it is safe for you to do so.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Township Notes

Conservation Related Organizations and Nurseries

Listing of Plants

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Division Pteridophyta: The Ferns

Class Filicopsida: The Ferns

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Gnetophyta: The Gnetophytes

Class Gnetopsida: The Gnetops

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

Class Liliopsida: The Monocots

Class Magnoliopsida: The Dicots

Listing of Animals

Kingdom Animalia: The Animal Kingdom

Subkingdom Metazoa: The Multicellular Animals

Phylum Arthropoda: The Arthropods

Subphylum Mandibulata: The Mandibulates

Class Insecta: The Insects

Section Deuterostomia: The Deuterostomes

Phylum Chordata: The Chordates

Subphylum Vertebrata: The Vertebrates

Class Mammalia: The Mammals

Class Reptilia: The Reptiles

Acknowledgements

Species Distribution Listings Footnotes and References

TOWNSHIP NOTES

LOCATION: This township is located in northwestern Pima County in south-central Arizona. This township is bounded on the north by the Pima/Maricopa County Line.

LANDMARKS: Portions of the Batamote Mountains, Sauceda Mountains and Sikort Chuapo Mountains are located within this township. Named washes include the Tenmile Wash. A portion of this township is located within the Pozo Redondo Valley.

ELEVATION: Elevations range from approximately 1,710 feet near the northwest corner to approximately 3,363 feet at an unnamed peak in the Sikort Chuapo Mountains near the east township line north of the southeast corner (1).

PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCE: This township is located within the Sonoran Desert Section of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (2).

SOILS: Soils have been described as being Hyperthermic (very hot) Arid Soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of more than 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Centigrade) and less than 10 inches (25 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Gunsight - Rillito - Harqua Association (deep, gravelly, calcareous soils on the upper slopes) and the Rock Outcrop - Lomitas - Cherioni Association (rock outcrops and very shallow, and shallow soils on low hills and mountains) (3).

BIOTIC COMMUNITY: This township is located within the Arizona Upland Subdivision of the Sonoran Desertscrub Regional Formation of the Desertscrub Formation with associated Wetlands (4).

Map Printed from TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic

Map of Township and Adjacent Sections

A FEW OF THE NATIVE PLANTS REPORTED AS OCCURRING IN THIS TOWNSHIP THAT MIGHT BE CONSIDERED FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE AND RESTORATION PROJECTS

Trees and Large Shrubs (over 7 feet in height)

Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea - 5’ to 60’)

Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina - 2’ to 56’)

Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida - 40” to 40’)

Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota - 10’ to 33’)

Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens - 5’ to 33’)

Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla - 10’ to 26’)

Organ Pipe Cactus (Stenocereus thurberi - 5’ to 25’)

Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii - 40” to 25’)

Arizona Jumping Bean (Sebastiania bilocularis - 7’ to 20’, CAUTION: Handle with care, or do not handle

at all, the sap is poisonous, not recommended for use in urban landscaping)

Desert Hackberry (Celtis ehrenbergiana - 3’ to 20’)

Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta - 2’ to 18’)

Chain-fruit Cholla (Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida - 3’ to 15’)

Kearney Snakewood (Condalia warnockii var. kearneyana - 40” to 13’)

Pencil Cholla (Cylindropuntia arbuscula - 3’ to 12’)

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis - 2’ to 12’)

Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata - 20” to 12’)

Parish Desert-thorn (Lycium parishii - 3’ to 10’)

Teddybear Cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii - 3’ to 9’)

Desert Honeysuckle (Anisacanthus thurberi - 3’ to 8’)

Emory Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus emoryi - 1’ to 8’)

Vines and Climbers

Drummond Clematis (Clematis drummondii - 10’ to 40’)

Hartweg Twinevine (Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum - 20” to 40’)

Slender Janusia (Janusia gracilis - 18” to 10’)

Climbing Plumbago (Plumbago scandens - 1’ to 10’)

Slimjim Bean (Phaseolus filiformis - 2’ to 7’)

Shrubs (2 to 7 feet in height)

Major Cholla (Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major - 3’ to 7’)

Limberbush (Jatropha cardiophylla - 1’ to 7’)

Major Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia phaeacantha - 1’ to 7’)

Desert Christmas Cactus (Cylindropuntia leptocaulis 2’ to 6’)

Desert Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii - 20” to 6’)

White Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa - 18” to 6’)

California Copperleaf (Acalypha californica - 20” to 5’)

Rough Jointfir (Ephedra aspera - 1’ to 5’)

White Rantany (Krameria grayi - 1’ to 5’)

Fairyduster (Calliandra eriophylla - 4” to 5’)

Bloodberry Rougeplant (Rivina humilis - 4” to 5’)

Turpentine Bush (Ericameria laricifolia - 12” to 40”)

Arizona Wrightwort (Carlowrightia arizonica - 4” to 40”)

Grasses

Arizona Brome (Bromus arizonicus - 8” to 60”)

Plains Bristlegrass (Setaria vulpiseta - 12” to 48”)

Bush Muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri - 12” to 44”)

Blue Threeawn (Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi - 6” to 40”)

Slender Grama (Bouteloua repens - 8” to 20”)

Desert Fluffgrass (Dasyochloa pulchella - 2” to 6”)

Shrubs (under 2’), Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents

Hoary Indian Mallow (Abutilon incanum - 8” to 13’)

Desert Night-blooming Cereus (Peniocereus greggii var. transmontanus - 1’ to 8’)

Shrubby Indian Mallow (Abutilon abutiloides - 16” to 6’)

Bladdermallow (Herissantia crispa - 8” to 4’)

Longflowered Tubetongue (Siphonoglossa longiflora - 8” to 40”)

Purplestem Phacelia (Phacelia crenulata var. ambigua - 4” to 40”)

Arizona Wrightwort (Carlowrightia arizonica - 2” to 40”)

Covena (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. pauciflorum - 16” to 30”)

Whitestem Paperflower (Psilostrophe cooperi - 4” to 30”)

Desert Senna (Senna covesii - 12” to 24”)

Golden Dogweed (Thymophylla pentachaeta - 4” to 24”)

Desert Windflower (Anemone tuberosa var. tuberosa - 4” to 20”)

Desert Zinnia (Zinnia acerosa - 4” to 20”)

Bundle Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus fasciculatus - 4” to 18”)

Spiny Cliff-brake (Pellaea truncata - 4½” to 16½”)

Needle-spined Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus engelmannii var. acicularis - 6” to 15”)

Villous Lip Fern (Cheilanthes villosa - 3” to 14”)

Wright’s Lip Fern (Cheilanthes wrightii - 2” to 8½”)

Arizona Blanketflower (Gaillardia arizonica - 4” to 8”)

Graham Pincushion Cactus (Mammillaria grahamii - 2” to 8”)

Miniature Woollystar (Eriastrum diffusum - 1½” to 8”)

California Goldfields (Lasthenia californica subsp. californica - 3” to 6”)

Texas Stork’s Bill (Erodium texanum - to 2”)

CONSERVATION RELATED ORGANIZATIONS AND NURSERIES

Arizona Department of Agriculture

http://www.azda.gov/

The Arizona Department of Agriculture enforces the sections of the Arizona Revised Statutes commonly referred to as the “Arizona Native Plant Law”. The Native Plant Law requires, in part, that anyone who is clearing land notify the State of Arizona in advance of the clearing. Some land owners involved in the clearing of land allow for nurseries and people who are interested in salvaging plants to do so prior to the clearing. The Arizona Department of Agriculture posts these notifications in their county offices. You may also contact the Arizona Department of Agriculture and, for a fee, be put on a mailing list of people receiving copies of the Notices of Intent to Clear Land.

Contact Information: Arizona Department of Agriculture, 1688 West Adams Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85007; 602-542-4373.

Arizona Native Plant Society

http://aznps.org/

The Arizona Native Plant Society is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to Arizona's native plants. Its mission is to promote knowledge, appreciation, conservation, and restoration of Arizona native plants and their habitats. They work with the Southwest Rare Plant Task Force to develop strategies for protecting rare species and their habitats; they keep abreast of conservation issues concerning native plants species and responds to those through their Conservation Committee; they promote the use of native species in residential and commercial landscapes; they publish the Plant Press, support the publication of scholarly works and maintains a website with information and links about native plant, and they host a series of statewide events that provide forums to learn from professionals. Member activities and benefits include chapter and statewide gatherings; field trips and educational presentations; conservation through education, outreach and restoration; habitat restoration projects; informative website, newsletters and journals, and interactions with plant experts and enthusiasts.

LISTING OF SOURCES FOR NATIVE PLANTS AND SEEDS

The Arizona Native Plant Society maintains a listing of Native Plant and Seed Sources at: http://www.aznps.org/sources.html

Contact Information: Arizona Native Plant Society, PO Box 41206, Tucson, Arizona 85717.

Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society

http://www.tucsoncactus.org/

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.

NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts a tremendous amount of time and effort into the

organizing and overseeing of their rescue events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated

members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.

The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development. If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew member.

Contact Information: Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759; 520-885-6367.

Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery

http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp

The Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native plant for which there is a buyer.

Contact Information: Desert Survivors Native Plant Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713; 520-791-9309.

Native Seeds/SEARCH

http://www.nativeseeds.org

The Native Seeds/SEARCH is a nonprofit conservation organization that seeks to preserve the crop seeds that connect the Native American cultures to their lands. The mission of the Native Seeds/SEARCH is to conserve, distribute and document the adapted and diverse varieties of agricultural seeds, their wild relatives and the role these seeds play in the cultures of the American Southwest and Northwest Mexico.

Contact Information: Native Seeds/SEARCH, 526 North Fourth Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85705; 520-622-5561, toll free at 866-622-5561, FAX 520-622-5561; e-mail: info@nativeseeds.org

Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse

http://www.tohonochulpark.org/

The Tohono Chul Park Greenhouse offers for sale a wide variety of native and arid adapted plants. Many of these plants require minimal watering once they are established. Flowers, trees, bushes and seeds are sold throughout the year.

Contact Information: Tohono Chul Park, 7366 North Paseo del Norte, Tucson, Arizona 85704-4415; Information: 520-742-6455 (Greenhouse ext. 239), FAX: 520-797-1213, Russ Buhrow, Curator of Plants, 520-742-6455 ext. 234; e-mail: russbuhrow@tohonochulpark.org

Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson

The goal of Wildlife Rehabilitation of Northwest Tucson is to provide experienced care for injured and orphaned wild birds and mammals so that they can be released back into the wild. For assistance with an injured bird or mammal, please call 520-743-0217, briefly explain the situation, being sure to repeat your name and phone number before ending the call.

Contact Information: Lewis and Janet Miller, 3690 Hills of Gold, Tucson, Arizona 85745; 520-743-0217.

LISTING OF PLANTS

STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE PLANTS FROM

COLLECTION, MUTILATION AND DESTRUCTION

* numbers appearing between the asterisks relate to footnotes and sources of information*

Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom

Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants

Division Pteridophyta: The Ferns

CLASS FILICOPSIDA: The FERNS

Family Pteridaceae: The Maidenhair Fern Family

Cheilanthes villosa G.E. Davenport ex W.R. Maxon (5): Villous Lipfern

COMMON NAMES: Hairy Lipfern, Villous Lip Fern, Villous Lipfern. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 3 to 14 inches in length) (6), the stipes are purplish-black. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; canyons; rock cliffs; talus slopes; crevices in boulders and rocks; ledges; rocky ridges; rocky hillsides; rocky slopes; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks, and rock niches in bouldery, rocky and stony soils, occurring from 2,000 to 6,600 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 46, 51 (color photograph), 63 (022008), 85 (030708)*

Cheilanthes wrightii W.J. Hooker: Wright’s Lipfern

COMMON NAMES: Wright Lipfern, Wright’s Lip Fern, Wright’s Lipfern. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 2 to 8½ inches in length), the fronds are green with brown to dark brown stipes. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky mountainsides; mesas; rock cliffs; canyons; rocky canyon walls; canyon bottoms; chasms; talus slopes; bases of cliffs; crevices in rocks; ledges; rocky ridges; ridge tops; foothills; hills; bouldery and rocky hillsides; along bouldery and rocky slopes; boulder and rock outcrops; rocky shelves; amongst rocks; on boulders; bases of boulders and rocks; bedrock arroyos; draws; rocky ravines; along streams; in rocky washes; drainages, and riparian areas in bouldery, rocky and gravelly soils; gravelly-sandy loam and sandy-clayey loam soils, and gravelly clay soils, occurring from 1,100 to 5,900 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 46, 51 (color photograph), 58, 63 (051607), 77, 85 (030708), 122*

Pellaea longimucronata (see Pellaea truncata)

Pellaea truncata L.N. Goodding: Spiny Cliffbrake

SYNONYMY: Pellaea longimucronata auct. non W.J. Hooker [misapplied]. COMMON NAMES: Cliff Brake; Cliff-brake Fern, Spiny Cliff-brake Spiny Cliffbrake. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 4½ to 16½ inches in length), the stipes are chestnut-brown, reddish or red-brown, the blades are blue-green or gray-green. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; crevices in cliffs; crags; rocky canyons; along canyon walls; canyon bottoms; talus slopes; bases of cliffs; crevices in rocks; rock ledges; ridgelines; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; bases of boulders and rocks; rocky arroyos; draws; gulches; ravines; along streams; rocky and sandy stream beds; along creeks; along and in sandy washes; drainages; by pools; bog-like areas; sandy banks; sandy benches, and riparian areas in bouldery, rocky, rocky-gravelly, gravelly and sandy soils; rocky loam, rocky-gravelly loam and gravelly-sandy loam soils, and rocky clay soils sometimes growing in sheltered or shaded areas, occurring from 600 to 9,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph), 46 (Pellaea longimucronata Hook.), 51 (color photograph), 63 (051607), 77, 85 (011208)*

Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants

Division Gnetophyta: The Gnetophytes

CLASS GNETOPSIDA: The GNETOPS

Family Ephedraceae: The Mormon-tea Family

Ephedra aspera G. Engelmann ex S. Watson (5): Rough Jointfir

SYNONYMY: Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson var. aspera (G. Engelmann ex S. Watson) L.D. Benson. COMMON NAMES: Aspera Mormon Tea, Boundary Ephedra, Canatillo, Canutillo, Mormon Tea, Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Joint-fir, Pitamo Real (Hispanic), Popotillo (Hispanic), Rough Jointfir, Sanguinaria, Tepopote. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (1 to 5 feet in height, one plant was described as being 1 foot in height with a crown 4 feet in width) (6), the young dark green branches yellow with age, the production of strobili (female and male cones) generally takes place between January and June. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mountainsides; along rocky canyons; rocky ledges; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; rocky outcrops; bajadas; amongst boulders and rocks; gravelly flats; along arroyos; rocky ravines; sandy stream beds; along and in rocky and gravelly washes; sandy banks; terraces, and riparian areas in bouldery, rocky, gravelly and sandy soils and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,900 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Rough Jointfir may reach full size within 20 years living to be 100 years or more in age. This plant is browsed by wildlife, including the Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis). *5, 6, 13 (Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. var. aspera (Engelm.) L. Benson), 18 (gen.), 46 (Ephedra nevadensis Wats. var. aspera (Engelm.) L. Benson), 48 (gen.), 63 (051607), 77, 85 (081407), 91 (Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S. Watson), WTK (June 2005)*

Ephedra nevadensis var. aspera (see Ephedra aspera)

Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants

CLASS LILIOPSIDA: The MONOCOTS

Liliaceae: The Lily Family

Brodiaea pulchella var. pauciflorum (see Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. pauciflorum)

Dichelostemma capitatum (G. Bentham) A. Wood subsp. pauciflorum (J. Torrey) G. Keator (5): Bluedicks

SYNONYMY: Brodiaea pulchella (R.A. Salisbury) E.L. Greene var. pauciflorum (J. Torrey) J.S. Morton, Dichelostemma pulchellum (R.A. Salisbury) A.A. Heller var. pauciflorum (J. Torrey) R.F. Hoover. COMMON NAMES: Blue Dicks, Bluedicks, Brodiaea, Covena, Coveria, Desert Hyacinth, Few-flowered Covena, Grass Nuts, Hahd (Pima), Papago Lily, Purplehead, Wild Hyacinth. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial forb/herb (16 to 30 inches in height) (6), the leaves are dark green, the flowers are blue, blue-lavender-purple, blue-purple, lavender, purple or white, flowering generally takes place between late January and mid-June (additional records: one record for early January, one record for mid-July, one record for mid-September and one record for early November). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mountains; rocky mountainsides; gravelly and sandy mesas; plateaus; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; buttes; gravelly ridges; rocky ridge tops; foothills; rocky hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst rocks; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; valley floors; rocky arroyos; gulches; ravines; along streams; silty creek bottoms; rivers; rocky and sandy washes; lakes; sandy beaches; gravelly terraces; ditches; around stock tanks, and riparian areas in rocky, cindery, gravelly and sandy soils; rocky clay and clay soils; sandy loam soils, and silty soils, occurring from 1,100 to 8,600 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reportedly fragrant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 28 (color photograph - Dichelostemma pulchellum), 46 (Dichelostemma pulchellum (Salisb.) Heller var. pauciflorum (Torr.) Hoover), 58, 63 (011408), 77 (color photograph #56 and #103 labeled Dichelostemma pulchellum), 85 (011408), 86 (note - Dichelostemma pulchellum), WTK (June 2005)*

Dichelostemma pulchellum var. pauciflorum (see Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. pauciflorum)

Family Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family

Aristida glauca (see Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi)

Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall: Purple Threeawn

COMMON NAMES: Blue Threeawn, Nealley Three-awn, Perennial Three-awn, Purple Needle-grass, Purple Three-awn, Purple Threeawn, Reverchon Three-awn, Reverchon Threeawn, Three Awn, Three-awn, Threeawn, Tres Barbas, Tres Barbas Purpurea. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual or perennial graminoid (a bunchgrass 4 to 40 inches in height and 4 to 12 inches in width at the base), the foliage is light to dark green curing to gray or straw, the inflorescence is green, purplish or dark red-purple, the awns are purple, flowering generally takes place between March and September (flowering records, including varieties: two for late January, one for late February, one for early March, one for early April, one for mid-April, one for late April, two for early May, one for mid-May, one for late May, one for early June, one for late June, one for early July, one for mid-August, one for mid-September and two for late November). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; gravelly-sandy and sandy mesas; plateaus; rocky cliffs; rocky summits; rocky canyons; rocky canyonsides; along gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; talus slopes; crevices in rocks; gravelly bluffs; rocky ridges; ridge tops; meadows; rocky and clayey hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; bouldery, rocky, cindery, gravelly and sandy slopes; rocky and gravelly bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; sand hills; sand dunes; in blow sand; rocky, gravelly and sandy plains; rocky, cindery, gravelly and sandy flats; railroad right-of-ways; along roadsides; along rocky arroyos; along draws; gulches; springs; along streams; bouldery stream beds; along creeks; along and in creek beds; river beds; along bouldery-cobbly-sandy, rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; bouldery-rocky, rocky and pebbly drainages; depressions; sandy banks; gravel bars; sandy beaches; sandy benches; gravelly terraces; flood plains; mesquite bosques; along ditches; recently burned areas; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky desert pavement; bouldery, bouldery-rocky, bouldery-cindery, bouldery-gravelly, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, cindery, gravelly, gravelly-sandy, pebbly and sandy soils; rocky loam, rocky-clayey loam, cobbly-gravelly loam, gravelly loam, gravelly-sandy loam, gravelly-clayey loam, sandy loam, clayey loam and humus loam soils; rocky clay, rocky-sandy clay, sandy clay and clay soils, and gravelly silty, sandy silty and silty soils, occurring from 500 to 7,700 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 33, 46, 48, 58, 63 (121007), 85 (121107), 105, WTK (August 2007)*

Aristida purpurea var. glauca (see Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi)

Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall var. nealleyi (G. Vasey) K.W. Allred: Blue Threeawn

SYNONYMY: Aristida glauca (C.G. Nees von Esenbeck) W.G. Walpers, Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall var. glauca (C.G. Nees von Esenbeck) A. Holmgren & N. Holmgren. COMMON NAMES: Blue Threeawn, Nealley Three-awn, Reverchon Three-awn, Reverchon Threeawn, Tres Barbas, Tres Barbas Purpurea. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial graminoid (a bunchgrass 6 to 40 inches in height and to 12 inches in width at the base), the inflorescence is purple, the awns are purple, flowering generally takes place between March and September; however, flowering may occur throughout the year under favorable conditions (flowering records: one for late January, one for late February, one for early April, one for early July, one for mid-August, one for mid-September and two for late November). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; plateaus; rocky canyons; rocky canyonsides; along gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; talus slopes; crevices in rocks; ridges; ridge tops; foothills; hills; bouldery, rocky, gravelly and sandy slopes; rocky, rocky-gravelly and gravelly bajadas; rocky outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; sand dunes; plains; flats; along roadsides; along rocky arroyos; along draws; springs; along and in creek beds; river beds; along rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; bouldery-rocky drainages; banks; gravel bars; sandy beaches; sandy benches; gravelly terraces; flood plains; along ditches; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-rocky, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; cobbly-gravelly loam, gravelly loam, rocky-clayey loam and sandy loam soils, and rocky-sandy clay soils, occurring from 800 to 7,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may useful as an ornamental, it reportedly has a “feathery” appearance. *5, 6, 16, 33 (Aristida glauca (Nees) Walp.), 46 (Aristida glauca (Nees) Walp.), 48 (sp.), 63 (121007), 77, 85 (121107), 105 (sp.)*

Bouteloua filiformis (see Bouteloua repens)

Bouteloua repens (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill: Slender Grama

SYNONYMY: Bouteloua filiformis (E.P. Fournier) D. Griffiths). COMMON NAMES: Navajta Rastrera, Large Mesquite Grama, Slender Grama, Zacate Sabanilla. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial graminoid (a bunchgrass 4 to 20 inches in height and to 4 inches in width at the base), the leaves are bright green (purple and yellow forms have also been reported) curing to gray or yellow, flowering generally takes place between July and December (additional records: two for late February). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mountains; gravelly mesas; canyons; along gravelly-sandy canyon bottoms; talus slopes; rock crevices; rocky buttes; ridge tops; rocky foothills; hills; rocky hillsides; rocky, rocky-gravelly, gravelly and sandy slopes; bedrock and rocky outcrops; rocky and sandy plains; prairies; flats; valleys; railroad right-of-ways; along roadsides; arroyos; rocky draws; along stream beds; along and in rocky, gravelly and sandy washes; in drainages; benches; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-gravelly, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky-sandy loam, cobbly-sandy loam, gravelly loam, gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and clay soils, occurring from 300 to 6,400 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. Slender Grama holds up well under heavy grazing pressure. *5, 6, 15, 16, 33 (Bouteloua filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths), 46 (Bouteloua filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths), 48, 58, 63 (051707), 77, 85 (011708), 105 (Bouteloua filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths)*

Bromus arizonicus (C.L. Shear) G.L. Stebbins: Arizona Brome

SYNONYMY: Bromus carinatus W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott var. arizonicus C.L. Shear. COMMON NAMES: Arizona Brome. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual graminoid (8 inches to 5 feet in height), the leaves are reportedly yellow-green, and the flowers burgundy, flowering generally takes place between early February and early September (additional records: two for late October). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; summits of mountains; canyons; sandy canyon bottoms; talus slopes; ledges; ridges; meadows; foothills; hills; rocky and gravelly slopes; amongst boulders and rocks; dunes; gravelly and sandy flats; coastal dunes; roadsides; arroyos; along streams; stream beds; creeks; along rivers; along and in gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; marshy areas; banks; sandbars; sandy benches; sandy flood plains; ditch banks; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; loamy soils, and gravelly-sandy silty soils, occurring from sea level to 9,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 33, 46, 58, 63 (051707), 80 (The Ergot Fungus (Claviceps sp.) is listed as a Secondary Poisonous Range Plant. Species of the genus Bromus can be hosts of the Ergot Fungus. “Ergot contains poisonous alkaloids and other compounds that may cause chronic poisoning (gangrenous ergotism) in the extremities when consumed in small amounts, or convulsive poisoning when large amounts are eaten. Animals may be poisoned by feeding on mature, infected grain or hay. Livestock, especially cattle, and humans are susceptible. ... Pastures causing ergot poisoning should be mowed or the animals removed. Mildly poisoned animals will usually recover if removed from the infested pastures, kept quiet, and supplied with good feed and water. In Arizona, some losses may be expected on rangelands during wet years, but most losses have occurred from grazing pastures of Dallas Grass (Paspalum dilatatum).” See text for additional information.), 85 (122207)*

Bromus carinatus var. arizonicus (see Bromus arizonicus)

Dasyochloa pulchella (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.L. von Wildenow ex P.A. Rydberg: Low Woollygrass

SYNONYMY: Erioneuron pulchellum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Tateoka, Tridens pulchellus (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock, Triodia pulchella K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth. COMMON NAMES: Desert Fluffgrass, Fluff Grass, Fluff-grass, Fluffgrass, Low Woollygrass, Oerennuak Grass, Zacate Borreguero. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial (often appearing to be an annual and also described as being a short-lived perennial) graminoid (a bunchgrass 2 to 6 inches in height), the color of this grass has been described as being bluish-green curing to a gray-white, the color of the flower green or silvery, flowering generally takes place between February and October (additional record: one for early December). HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky-sandy, gravelly and sandy-loamy mesas; rocky canyons; rocky talus slopes; ridge tops; ridgelines; meadows; foothills; rocky hills; rocky and gravelly hillsides; rocky, gravelly, gravelly-sandy, gravelly-sandy-loamy and sandy slopes; gravelly bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst rocks; sandy plains; cindery and gravelly flats; valleys; rocky, gravelly and sandy roadsides; stream beds; creek beds; along and in gravelly and sandy washes; along and in sandy drainages; marshes; benches; gravelly and sandy terraces; loamy bottom lands; flood plains; sandy riparian areas, and disturbed areas in desert pavement; rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, cindery, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly loam, gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils; sandy-gravelly clay and clay soils, and sandy silty soils, occurring from 400 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This low, densely tufted perennial grass may be useful as an ornamental. This plant is browsed by the Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana). This plant is generally avoided by grazing animals. *5, 6, 15, 16, 33 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), 46 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), 58, 63 (040407), 77, 85 (110607), 105 (Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.), WTK (August 2007)*

Erioneuron pulchellum (see Dasyochloa pulchellah)

Muhlenbergia porteri F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal: Bush Muhly

COMMON NAMES: Bakú (Tarahumara), Bush-grass, Bush Muhly, Hoe Grass, Liendrilla Amacollada (Hispanic), Mesquitegrass, Porter’s Muhlenbergia, Telaraña (Hispanic), Zacate Aparejo (Hispanic). DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial graminoid (a bunchgrass, 12 to 44 inches in length and 18 inches to 10 feet in width, several plants were described as being 3 feet in height and 10 feet in width), the color of the stems has been described as being a dull green, the leaves green, purplish-green or yellow-green curing to buff, flowering generally takes place between late July and late October (additional record: one for late February), the seed heads are purplish covering the plant in a misty shroud. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; rocky and stony-sandy mountainsides; mesas; bouldery and rocky canyons; rocky canyon sides; rocky cliffs; talus slopes; crevices in rocks; buttes; ledges; rocky ridge tops; foothills; rocky hills; rocky hillsides; along bouldery, rocky, rocky-loamy, gravelly and sandy slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; amongst boulders and rocks; lava fields; dune-like areas of fine blow sand; gravelly plains; gravelly-sandy and sandy flats; valley bottoms; rocky and gravelly roadsides; rocky arroyos; gulches; ravines; bouldery stream beds; along rivers; along and in rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, gravelly and sandy washes; bouldery-cobbly and rocky drainages; around ponds; gravelly-sandy banks; gravelly terraces; sandy flood plains; mesquite bosques; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in bouldery, bouldery-cobbly, rocky, rocky-gravelly, rocky-sandy, stony-sandy, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; rocky loam, rocky-clayey loam, cobbly-sandy loam, gravelly loam, sandy loam and loam soils; gravelly clay soils, and sandy silty and silty soils, occurring from 900 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTES: This plant may be useful as an ornamental. In areas where it occurs naturally, consider including Bush Muhly seed in all reseeding mixtures. When re-vegetating desert washes consider planting Bush Muhly along with Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta), Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii), Limberbush (Jatropha cardiophylla), Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea) and White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa). Bush Muhly is browsed by the Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis subsp. mexicana). *5, 6, 15, 16, 30, 33, 46, 48, 58, 63 (051907), 77, 85 (110607), 105 (“This was formerly one of the most abundant and important grasses of southern Arizona, but is found now largely as individual plants under the protection of shrubs. ... Where possible this grass should be allowed to set a full crop of seed during the summer growing season at least every second or third year. Deferment of grazing during July and August every year is recommended on run-down ranges.”), WTK (June 2005)*

Schismus barbatus (P. Loefling ex C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung: Common Mediterranean Grass

COMMON NAMES: Common Mediterranean Grass, Mediterraneangrass, Zacate Mediterrane Comun. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial annual graminoid (1 to 14 inches in height), flowering generally takes place between November and mid-May. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; mesas; rocky cliffs; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; rocky talus; rocky ridges; hill tops; rocky hillsides; rocky and gravelly slopes; bajadas; rock outcrops; sand dunes; plains; gravelly and sandy flats; roadsides; along streams; along gravelly-sandy creek beds; along rivers; gravelly river beds; gravelly-sandy and sandy washes; sandy banks; benches; gravelly terraces; flood plains; riparian areas, and disturbed areas in rocky, rocky-gravelly, gravelly, gravelly-sandy and sandy soils; gravelly-sandy loam, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, and gravelly silty soils, occurring from 400 to 4,500 feet (one record at 7,880 feet) in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. NOTE: EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22 (color photograph), 33, 46, 58, 63 (040407), 68, 77, 85 (081507), WTK (June 2005)*

Setaria macrostachya (see Setaria vulpiseta)

Setaria vulpiseta (J.B. de Lamarck) J.J. Roemer & J.A. Shultes: Plains Bristlegrass

SYNONYMY: Setaria macrostachya K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth. COMMON NAMES: Assaak, Plains Bristlegrass, Xikkaa Kiix, Zacate Tempranero, Zacate Temprano. DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial perennial graminoid (a bunchgrass 1 to 4 feet in height, one plant was described as being 2 inches in width at the base, several plants were described as being 8 to 16 inches in width at the base), the stems and leaves are pale to bright green curing to an orange-brown, flowering generally takes place between late April and mid-October. HABITAT: Within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains; cliffs; rocky canyons; canyon bottoms; canyonettes; rocky talu