August 29,
2005 Update
TOWNSHIP
11 SOUTH, RANGE 15 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA
Gila
and Salt River Baseline and Meridian
Major Contributors and Sources:
Matthew B. Johnson, Program Manager and Curator of the Desert Legume Program -
Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum. William T. Kendall. Southwest
Environmental Information Network (SEINet). Special Status Species Reports -
Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.
Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping, restoration, or revegetation projects. Disjunct species, outliers and populations on the edge of the main population are noted as being a PERIPHERAL POPULATION. Landscaped plants are not included in the lists unless they have become naturalized in the surrounding native environment.
The use of local native
vegetation is recommended for landscape, restoration and revegetation projects.
To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both
the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat
and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat
and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the
area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and
heritage. Appreciation is expressed to the officers and staff of the Arizona
Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game and Fish Department,
Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. The information presented as township notes was obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not warrant the accuracy of the information presented in these listings.
Comments and the reporting of
corrections, unrecorded species in townships and information relating to the
historical distribution of species would be appreciated, and may be sent by
mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys,
KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.
Township Notes
Location: This township is
located in northeastern
Landmarks: This township is
located on a portion of the western slopes of the
This photograph was taken looking to the west into Marshall Gulch. A few of the plants observed in the area included Arizona Pine (Pinus arizonica), Southwestern White Pine (Pinus strobiformis), White Fir (Abies concolor), Bigtooth Maple (Acer grandidentatum), Hairy Brakenfern (Pteridium aquilinum var.
pubescens) and Golden Columbine (Aquilegia chrysantha). WTK August 2005
Elevation: Elevations range from
approximately 3,350 feet at points located north of mid-point on the west
township line to approximately 9,157 feet at
Soil: Soils are described as thermic (hot) arid and semiarid soils of the Rock Outcrop-Lampshire-Cellar Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow semiarid soils of the mountains and foothills); mesic (cool) subhumid soils of the Rock Outcrop-Barkerville-Faraway Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow subhumid soils of the mountains), and frigid (cold) subhumid soils of the Mirabal-Rock Outcrop Association (very shallow to moderately deep soils and rock outcrop of the higher mountains) (3).
Biotic Community: Portions of
this township are located within the Interior Chaparral of the Scrub Formation,
Madrean Evergreen Woodland of the Woodland Formation, and
Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic
Map of Township with Adjacent Sections
Plant Propagation Note
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native
plant for which there is a buyer. Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant
Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.
PLANTS
Aceraceae: The Maple Family
Acer glabrum J. Torrey var. neomexicanum (E.L. Greene) Kearney & Peebles (5): Dwarf Maple, Mountain Maple, New Mexico Maple, Rocky Mountain Maple (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 33 feet high) (6); within range reported from high mountains, plateaus, canyons, slopes, at the base of cliffs, gulches and in moist soil along streams 7,000 to 9,000 feet elevation; the foliage is browsed by deer and elk; useful as an ornamental, leaves turn red in autumn)
Acer grandidentatum T. Nuttall: Bigtooth Maple, Canyon Maple, Western sugar Maple (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 50 feet high); within range reported from high mountains, plateaus, canyons, gulches, along streams 4,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; browsed by deer; leaves turning red or yellow in autumn, useful as an ornamental)
Acer negundo C. Linnaeus: Arce, Ashleaf Maple, Ashleaved Maple, Boxelder, Fresno de Guajuco, Manitoba Maple (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (30 to 60 feet high); within range reported from high mountains, plateaus, canyons, gulches, valleys, roadsides, waste places and moist and wet soils along streams 3,500 to 8,000 feet elevation; browsed by deer; useful as an ornamental)
Anacardiaceae: The Sumac Family
Toxicodendron rydbergii (J.K. Small ex P.A. Rydberg) Greene (Rhus radicans C. Linnaeus, Toxicodendron radicans (C. Linnaeus) C.E. Kuntze var. rydbergii (J.K. Small ex P.A. Rydberg) A. Rehder): Hiedra, Mala, Poison Ivy, Poison-oak, Western Poison Ivy (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (to 2 feet); within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, ravines, stream banks, streambeds, bottomlands and disturbed areas 3,000 to 8,000 feet elevation; plant’s oils cause painful swelling and skin eruptions, milky juice is poisonous when taken internally)
Apiaceae: The Carrot Family
(Umbelliferae: The Parsley Family)
Heracleum maximum W. Bartram (Heracleum lanatum A. Michaux): American Cow-parsnip, Common Cowparsnip, Cow-parsnip (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from moist soils 7,500 to 9,000 feet elevation)
Apocynacaeae: The Dogbane Family
Apocynum androsaemifolium C. Linnaeus: Bitterroot, Flytrap Dogbane, Honey Bloom, Spreading Dogbane, Wandering Milkweed, Wild Ipecac (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky slopes, openings in pine forests and streambeds 7,000 to 9,500 feet elevation)
Aspleniaceae: The Spleenwort Family
Asplenium trichomanes C. Linnaeus: Maidenhair Spleenwort (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, sheltered ledges and crevices in cliffs, ravines, rock crevices, moist cracks and gulches 6,000 to 9,000 feet elevation)
Asteraceae: The Aster Family
(Compositae: The Sunflower Family)
Achillea millefolium C. Linnaeus var. occidentalis A.P. de Condolle (Achillea lanulosa T. Nuttall); Bloodwort, Carpenter’s Weed, Common Yarrow, Hierba de las Cortaduras, Milfoil, Plumajillo, Western Yarrow, Yarrow (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, slopes, hillsides, gulches, roadsides, waste ground and disturbed areas 5,500 to 11,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, yarrow with lavender, pink and white flowers were observed in Marshall Gulch)
Erigeron sp., Fleabane
Erigeron arizonicus A. Gray (Erigeron rusbyi A. Gray): Arizona Fleabane (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, talus slopes, slopes, rocky outcrops, gulches, ravines, foothills, roadsides, meadows, along streams and moist soils 7,000 to 10,500 feet elevation)
Hymenopappus mexicanus A. Gray: Mexican Woollywhite (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains 5,000 to 10,000 feet elevation)
Senecio sp.: Ragwort
Sonchus oleraceus C. Linnaeus: Achicoria Dulce, Annual Sowthistle, Cerraja, Colewort, Common Sowthistle, Grespino Commune, Hare’s Lettuce, Kaalivalvatti, Milk Thistle, Smooth Sowthistle, Sowthistle (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains, moist ground and disturbed areas 150 to 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Betulaceae: The Birch Family
Alnus oblongifolia J. Torrey: Arizona Alder, Mexican Alder, New Mexican Alder (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (60 to 80 feet high); within range reported from wet soils in rocky canyon bottoms and along streams in mountains 5,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful in checking erosion along watercourses)
Caprifoliaceae: The Honeysuckle Family
Lonicera arizonica A. Rehder: Arizona Honeysuckle (terrestrial perennial vine or shrub; within range reported from mountains, canyons, open coniferous forests, slopes, gulches, basins, springs, creeks and rivers 6,000 to 9,000 feet elevation)
Sambucus nigra C. Linnaeus subsp. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) R. Bolli (Sambucus mexicana C.B. Presl ex A.P. de Condolle): American Elderberry, Arizona Blue Elder, Blueberry Elder, Arizona Elder, Common Elderberry, Desert Elderberry, Elder, Elderberry, Mexican Elder, Mexican Elderberry, Sauco, Tapiro, Tapiro Sauco (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub, shrub or tree (to 36 feet high); within range reported from washes, floodplains, creeks, streams, watercourses, ditches, cienegas and wet areas 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; foliage is browsed by deer, fruits are eaten by birds)
Chenopodiaceae: The Goosefoot Family
Chenopodium sp.: Goosefoot
Dennstaedtaceae: The Bracken Fern Family
Pteridium aquilinum (C. Linnaeus) F.A. Kuhn (var. pubescens L.M. Underwood is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Bracken, Brake, Downy Bracken-fern, Hairy Brackenfern, Pasture Brake, Western Bracken, Western Bracken-fern (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, slopes, forests and woodlands, meadows, flats and dry and moist soils 5,000 to 8,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, a post-fire successional plant)
Dryopteridaceae: The Wood Fern Family
Athyrium filix-femina (C. Linnaeus) A.W. Roth subsp. cyclosorum (F.J. Ruprecht) C.F. Christensen (Athyrium filix-femina (C. Linnaeus) A.W. Roth, var. californicum Butters is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Lady Fern, Subarctic Ladyfern (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from shaded areas cracks in boulders, around springs and along streams 7,000 to 9,500 feet elevation)
Equisetaceae: The Horsetail Family
Equisetum hyemale C. Linnaeus: Common Scouring Rush, Horsetail, Scouring Horsetail, Scouring Rush, Scouringrush Horsetail, Tall Scouring Rush Western Scouringrush (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, hillsides, gulches, ravines, meadows, springs, along creeks and streams, moist soils and wet sandy soils and lakes 5,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family
Desmodium arizonicum S. Watson: Arizona Ticktrefoil, Beggar-ticks (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, divides, slopes, hillsides and gulches 4,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Lathyrus graminifolius (S. Watson) J. White: Grassleaf Pea, Grassleaf Pea Vine, Grassleaf Vetchling (terrestrial herbaceous vine; within range reported from mountains, shaded slopes and gulches 4,000 to 9,000 feet elevation)
Lathyrus pusillus S. Elliott: Low Pea, Low Pea Vine, Singletary Pea, Singletary Vetchling, Tiny Pea, Tiny Pea Vine (terrestrial summer annual herbaceous vine; within range reported from hills. Exotic?)
Lupinus palmeri S. Watson: Bluebonnet Lupine, Palmer Lupine (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, gravelly slopes and flats 4,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Phaseolus parvulus E.L. Greene: Pinos Altos Mountain Bean (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from mountains, forests, among rocks and rich soils 6,500 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Robinia neomexicana A. Gray: New Mexican Locust, New Mexico Locust, Southwestern Locust (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 25 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, floodplains and waste places 4,000 to 8,500 feet elevation; of special value in reducing erosion, useful as an ornamental, flowers are large, showy and fragrant; bark, roots and seeds are reported to be poisonous; the foliage is browsed by wildlife)
Vicia pulchella K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Showy Vetch, Sweetclover Vetch (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from mountains and forests 6,000 to 8,500 feet elevation)
Fagaceae: The Beech Family
Quercus gambelii T. Nuttall var. gambelii: Gambel Oak, Rocky Mountain White Oak, Utah White Oak (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (7 to 70 feet high); within range reported from mountains, plateaus, canyon bottoms, slopes, foothills and valleys 5,000 to 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; leaves are browsed by deer, the acorns are eaten by wildlife)
Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus: Silverleaf Oak, Whiteleaf Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (30 to 65 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, woodlands, and slopes 5,000 to 8,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Quercus rugosa L. Née, (Quercus reticulata F.W. von Humbolt & A.J. Bonpland): Netleaf Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (6 to 40 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, gravelly slopes, gulches, ravines and woodlands 4,000 to 8,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; wildlife feed on the acorns)
Geraniaceae: The Geranium Family
Geranium richardsonii F.E. von Fischer & E.R. von Trautvetter: Cranesbill, Richardson’s Geranium, White Crane’s-bill, White Geranium (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, shaded slopes and gulches 6,500 to 11,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Liliaceae: The Lily Family
Allium gooddingii G.B. Ownbey: Goodding’s Onion (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyon bottoms and slopes 7,500 to 11,250 feet elevation)
Maianthemum racemosum (C. Linnaeus) J.H. Link subsp. racemosum (Smilacina racemosa (C. Linnaeus) R.L. Desfontaines): Branched Solomon’s-Seal, Feathery False Lily of the Valley, False Solomon’s Seal, Feather Solomon-plume, Treacleberry, Wild Spikenard (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, slopes, forests and moist soils 6,000 to 10,000 feet elevation)
Orchidaceae: The Orchid Family
Corallorrhiza maculata (C.S. Rafinesque) C.S. Rafinesque var maculata: Large Coralroot, Spotted Coralroot, Summer Coralroot (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, gulches, ravines, draws, meadows and springs 6,000 to 10,000 feet elevation)
Listera convallarioides (O. Swartz) T. Nuttall ex S. Elliott: Broadleaf Twayblade, Broadlipped Twayblade (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains 8,000 feet elevation)
Malaxis tenuis (S. Watson) O.
Platanthera limosa J. Lindley (Habenaria limosa (J. Lindley) W.B. Hemsley: Thurber’s Bog Orchid (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains 7,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Spiranthes parasitica A.T. Richardson & H.G. Galeotti (Schiedeella arizonica P.M. Brown fl.): Fallen Ladies’-tresses, Parasitic Ladies’-tresses (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, slopes and gulches 7,500 to 8,500 feet elevation)
Pineaceae: The Pine Family
Abies concolor (G. Gordon & R. Glendinning) J. Lindley ex F.H. Hildebrand: Balsam Fir, Concolor Fir, Silver Fir, White Balsam, White Fir (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (to 150 feet high): within range reported from high mountains, in moist and rocky soils and on steep shaded slopes 5,500 to 10,000 feet elevation; porcupines gnaw on the bark, deer and grouse feed on the foliage, the seeds are eaten by birds and mammals; useful as an ornamental)
Picea engelmannii C.C. Parry ex G. Engelmann: Engelmann Spruce; Mountain Spruce, Silver Spruce, White Spruce (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (to 100 feet high); within range reported from mountains 8,000 to 12,000 feet elevation; reported from, but not recently observed in the Santa Catalina Mountains; useful as an ornamental)
Pinus arizonica G. Engelmann var. arizonica (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson var. arizonica (G. Engelmann) G.R. Shaw): Arizona Pine, Arizona Ponderosa Pine, Arizona Yellow Pine Ponderosa Pine Yellow Pine, Western Yellow Pine, Yellow Pine (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (80 to 150 feet high); within range reported from high mountains, canyons, slopes and ridges 3,500 to 9,500 feet elevation; the seeds are eaten by wildlife; useful as an ornamental)
Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson var. scopulorum G. Engelmann: Blackjack Pine, Interior Ponderosa Pine, Ponderosa Pine, Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine, Western Yellow Pine, Yellow Pine (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (80 to 150 feet high); within range reported from high mountains, canyons, slopes and ridges 3,500 to 9,500 feet elevation; the seeds are eaten by wildlife; useful as an ornamental)
Pinus strobiformis G. Engelmann (Pinus reflexa (G. Engelman) G. Engelmann: Border Limber Pine, Border White Pine, Mexican White Pine, Pino Enana, Rocky Mountain White Pine, Southwestern White Pine, White Pine (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (60 to 100 feet high); within range reported from high mountains, canyons, slopes and ridges 6,500 to 10,000 feet elevation; the seeds are eaten by wildlife; useful as an ornamental)
Pseudotsuga menziesii (C.F. de Mirbel) J.F. do Amaral Franco var. glauca (Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. glauca (L. Beissner) G.B. Sudworth): Blue Douglas-fir, Common Douglas-fir, Douglas-fir, Douglas Spruce, Oregon Pine, Red Fir, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Yellow Fir (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (to 190 feet high); within range reported from high mountains, canyons, north facing slopes and ravines 5,000 to 10,000 feet elevation; foliage is browsed by deer, elk and grouse, birds and mammals eat the seeds; useful as an ornamental)
Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family
Bromus rubens C. Linnaeus: Bromo, Bromo Rojo, Foxtail Brome, Foxtail Chess, Red Brome (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, waste places and disturbed areas 1,300 to 5,500 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Polygonaceae: The Buckwheat Family
Rumex sp.: Dock
Ranunculaceae: The Buttercup Family
Aquilegia chrysantha A. Gray: Golden Columbine, Yellow Columbine (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, forests, seeps, along streams and rich and moist soils 3,000 to 11,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Rosaceae: The Rose Family
Fragaria virginiana A.N. Duchesne subsp. glauca (S. Watson) G. Staudt (Fragaria ovalis (S. Watson) P.A. Rydberg): Strawberry, Virginia Strawberry (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from slopes, gulches and flats 7,000 to 11,000 feet elevation; the fruits are eaten by wildlife)
Salicaceae: The
Populus tremuloides A. Michaux (var. aurea (Tidestrom) Daniels is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Alamo Temblon, Aspen, Golden Aspen, Quaking Asp, Quaking Aspen, Trembling Aspen, Trembling Poplar (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (20 to 80 feet high); within range reported from mountains, plateaus, canyons, gravelly and sandy slopes, forests and along streams 6,500 to 10,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; pioneer tree on burned areas; leaves and stems are browsed by deer, elk and moose; beavers, rabbits and other animals feed on the bark, buds and leaves, beavers, grouse and quail feed on the winter buds)
Salix sp.:
Saxifragaceae: The Saxifrage Family
Heuchera sanguinea G. Engelmann: Alum Root, Coral Bells (terrestrial perennial herb, within range reported from hillsides and shaded moist rocky areas 4,000 to 8,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Scrophulariaceae: The Figwort Family
Castilleja austromontana P.C. Standley & J.C. Blumer: Rincon Mountain Indian Paintbrush (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, gulches, meadows and boggy areas 7,000 to 9,500 feet elevation)
Mimulus cardinalis D. Douglas ex G. Bentham: Crimson-monkey Flower, Scarlet Monkeyflower (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, seeps, springs, along steams and wet soils 2,000 to 8,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Condolle: Monkey-flower, Seep Monkeyflower, Yellow Monkey Flower (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from moist sand in canyons, wet soil in seeps and springs, pools, along brooks and streams 500 to 9,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Penstemon barbatus (A.J. Cavanilles) A.W. Roth: Beard-lip Beard Tongue, Beardlip Penstemon, Golden-beard Penstemon, Hummingbird Flowers, Red Penstemon, Scarlet Penstemon, Southwestern Penstemon (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky slopes, forests, woodlands and roadsides 4,000 to 10,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Violaceae: The Violet Family
Viola canadensis C. Linnaeus: Canada Violet, Canadian White Violet (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, canyon bottoms, shaded slopes and banks, rich moist soil in coniferous forests and shaded areas, aspen grooves, meadows, gulches and beside streams 6,000 to 11,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Viscaceae: The Christmas Mistletoe Family
(Loranthaceae: The Mistletoe Family)
Arceuthobium apachecum F.G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens: Apache Dwarf Mistletoe (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; parasitic only on Pinus strobiformis, Southwestern White Pine below 9200 feet elevation)
ANIMALS
AMPHIBIANS
Ranidae: Frogs
Rana yavapaiensis (Platz and Frost): Lowland Leopard Frog, San Felipe Leopard Frog, Yavapai Leopard Frog (feeds on small invertebrates; found in woodlands, chaparral, and grasslands in marsh habitats, springs, small to medium-sized streams and rivers, small ponds, and stock tanks being generally restricted to permanent and semi permanent waters often concentrating in deep pools in association with root masses of large riparian trees)
BIRDS
Accipitridae: Eagles, Hawks, Kites and Allies
Accipiter gentilis Linnaeus: Goshawk, Northern Goshawk (feeds on birds and mammals; nest is a platform of sticks located in tall trees)
Columbidae: Doves and Pigeons
Columba fasciata Say: Band-tailed Pigeon, Blue Pigeon, Blue Rock, Paloma Pellotera (Hispanic), White-collard Pigeon (feeds on acorns, berries, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are flat stick platforms located on branches and twigs of trees)
Falconidae: Caracaras and Falcons
Falco peregrinus Tunstall subsp. anatum Boneparte: American Peregrine Falcon, Duck Hawk, Halcon Peregino (Hispanic), Peregrine Falcon (feeds on birds, insects and rodents; nests are made in potholes and scrapes or on sticks located on cliff ledges)
Strigidae: Typical Owls
Strix occidentalis Xantus de Vesey subsp. lucida Nelson: Buho Manchado (Spanish), Mexican Spotted Owl, Spotted Owl, Tecolote Manchado Mexicano (Hispanic), Tecolote Moteado (Spanish) (feeds on small birds, insects, small mammals and reptiles; nests are located in canyon-wall caves and cavities, cliff caverns and ledges, rock hollows, tree cavities and abandoned hawk nests)
MAMMALS
Cricetidae: Mice and Native Rats
Neotoma mexicana Baird: Mexican Wood Rat (feeds on acorns, berries including juniper berries, cacti, fungi, leaves and needles of green plants and nuts including pinyon nuts; nests are built in brush piles, buildings, cliffs, rock crevices, hollow trees and rock outcrops)
Phyllostomatidae: Leaf-nosed Bats
Choeronycteris mexicana (Tschudi): Hognose Bat, Mexican Hog-nosed Bat, Mexican Long-tailed Bat, Mexican Long-tongued Bat, Murcielago Lengua Larga Mexicano (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects, nectar and pollen; found under bridges, and in shallow caves, rock fissures and mine tunnels)
Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae
(
Sciuridae: Squirrels and Allies
Sciurus arizonensis (Coues): Arizona Gray Squirrel, Grey Squirrel (feeds on acorns, berries, nuts, pine cones and seeds)
(1) National Geographic
Oracle,
(2) Walker, Henry P. and Don
Bufkin. 1979. Historical Atlas of
(3)
(4) Brown, David E., Biotic Communities of the American Southwest – United States and Mexico, Desert Plants, Volume 4, Numbers 1-4, Published by the University of Arizona for the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, 1982, and associated map: Brown, David E. and Charles H. Lowe, Biotic Communities of the Southwest, August 1980, General Technical Report RM-78, United Stated Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Revised June 1983
(5) Nomenclature generally
follows that presented by The Biota of North America Program of the North
Carolina Botanical Garden (BONAP) with A Synonymized
Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm
(6) Growth habits generally
coincide with that given by the National Plants Database. Common names
identified in the database have been printed in bold lettering: USDA, NRCS.
2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov).
Literature,
References and Web Sites Cited, Consulted and Visited for Listings
*Arizona Game and
http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/edits/species_concern.shtml
*
*Barnes, Will C. 1988.
*Benson, Lyman. 1981. The Cacti of Arizona,
The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
*Benson, Lyman and Robert A. Darrow. 1981.
Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts, The University of Arizona Press,
Tucson, Arizona.
*The Biota of North America Program of the North Carolina Botanical Garden (BONAP) with A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Full Index 1998.
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm
*Biota Information System of
http://nmnhp.unm.edu/bisonm/bisonquery.php
*Bowers, Janice E. and Steven P. McLaughlin.
1987. Flora and Vegetation of the Rincon
Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, Desert Plants, Volume 8, Number 2.
*Bowers, J.E., and R.M. Turner. 1985. A Revised Vascular Flora of Tumamoc Hill.
*Breitung, August J., The Agaves, The Cactus
and Succulent Journal 1968 Yearbook, Abbey Garden Press, Reseda, California.
*Brenzel, Kathleen N. 2001.
Sunset Western Garden Book, Sunset
Publishing Corporation,
*Brown, David E. 1982. Biotic Communities of the American Southwest – United States and Mexico, Desert Plants, Volume 4, Numbers 1-4, Published by the University of Arizona for the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, and associated map: Brown, David E. and Lowe, Charles H., Biotic Communities of the Southwest, August 1980, General Technical Report RM-78, United Stated Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Revised June 1983.
*Catalogue of
http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/index/nwgctA.html
*Chamber, Nina – Sonoran
Institute & Hawkins, Trica Oshant - Environmental Education Exchange.
Invasive Plants of the
*Checklist of North American
Butterflies Occurring North of
http://www.naba.org/pubs/enames2.html
*The Collection, Volume 4 Issue 4, Winter 2002-2003
http://tcbmed.com/Newsletters/Volume4-Issue4-Usnea.html
*Dollar, Derrick; Scott
Richardson and
*Duffield, Mary Rose and Warren D. Jones.
1981. Plants for Dry Climates, HP Books, Los Angeles, California
*Earle, W. Hubert. 1963. Cacti of the
Southwest, Rancho Arroyo book distributors, Tempe, Arizona.
*Epple, Anne Orth. 1995. A field Guide
to the Plants of Arizona, Falcon Press Publishing Co., Inc.,
*Especies Forestales No Maderables - Indices
*Felger, Richard S. 1997.
Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge,
Arizona, Drylands Institute,
*
http://www.floridanature.org/copyright.asp
*Gould, Frank W. 1951. Grasses of Southwestern
United States, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
*Hawksworth, Frank G. and Delbert
Wiens. March 1996.
http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/ah_709/index.html
*Haynes, Lisa and Susan Schuetze. 1997. Pamphlet: A Sampler of Arizona’s Threatened and Endangered Wildlife, Arizona Game and Fish Department and Arizona Department of Agriculture.
*The Hermannia Pages: American Species
http://www.meden.demon.co.uk/Malvaceae/Hermannia/American.html
*Heymann, M.M. 1975. Reptiles and
Amphibians of the American Southwest, Doubleshoe Publishers,
*Hoffmeister. 1980. Ursus arctos, Specimens in Collections
*Housholder, Bob. 1966. The
Grizzly Bear in
*Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
*The International Plant Names Index (2004), accessed 2005. Published on the Internet
*Jepson Flora Project
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/copyright.html
*Johnson, Matthew Brian. 2004. Cacti, other
Succulents, and Unusual Xerophytes of Southern Arizona, Boyce Thompson
Southwestern Arboretum / Arizona Lithographers, Tucson, Arizona.
*Kearney, Thomas K. and Robert H. Peebles.
1951. with Supplement 1960. Arizona Flora, University of California Press,
Berkeley, Los Angeles, California.
*Laymon, Stephen A. Paper: Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
*Lellinger, David B. 1985. A Field Manual of
the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada, Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
*Little, Elbert L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees – Western Region, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
*Lowe, Charles H. 1964. The
Vertebrates of
*Maus, Kathryn. September 2002.
Checklist for the Plants of the West Branch of the
http://eebweb.arizona.edu/HERB/WESTBRANCH/westbranch.html
*Maus, Kathryn.
*McLaughlin, Steven P. July 18, 1990. Flora of
Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (including Arivaca Cienega), Office of
Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona.
*Milne, Lorus and Margery. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
*Minckly, W. L. 1973. Fishes of
Arizona, Sims Printing Company, Inc.,
*Missouriplants.com
http://www.missouriplants.com/index.html
*National Geographic
*National Plants Database: USDA, NRCS.
2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5,
*Native Grasses from
http://uvalde.tamu.edu/herbarium/grasses.htm
*Olin, George. 1982. Mammals of
the
*Owensby, Clenton. 2002. Line
Drawings of
http://spuds.agron.ksu.edu/ksgrasskey/linedraw.htm
*Page,
*Parker, Kittie F. 1982. An Illustrated Guide
to Arizona Weeds, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
*Peterson, Roger Tory. 1961. A
Field Guide to Western Birds, Houghton Mifflin Company,
*
http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/plants/wflow_heri.htm
*
http://www.pima.gov/cmo/sdcp/sdcp2/fsheets/facts.html
*Ransom, Jay Ellis. 1981. Harper
and Row’s Complete Field Guide to North American Wildlife, Western Edition,
Harper and Row,
*Raven, Peter H., Ray F. Evert and Helena
Curtis. 1976 Biology of Plants, Second Edition,Worth Publishers, Inc.
*
*Rondeau, Renee, Thomas R. Van Devender, C.
David Bertelson, Philip Jenkins, Rebecca K. Wilson, Mark A. Dimmitt. December,
1996. Annotated Flora of the Tucson Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, Desert
Plants, Volume 12, Number 2..
http://eebweb.arizona.edu/herb/TUCSONS/tucsonsA-C.html
*Rosen, Philip C.
*Rosenberg, Gary H. and Russel,
Ruth. 1999. Checklist of North American Birds
*
*Southeast Arizona Butterfly
Association (SEABA), Plant List - SEABA’s
http://www.naba.org/chapters/nabasa/home.html
*Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet)
http://seinet.asu.edu/collections/selection.jsp?cat=plantae
*Spellenberg, Richard. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers – Western Region, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
*Stebbins, Robert C. 1985. A
Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Peterson Field Guides, Houghton
Mifflin Company,
*
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nativeshrubs/indexscientific.htm
*Thornber, J.J. 1909. Vegetation Groups
in the Desert Laboratory Domain, Professor of Botany in the
*
*
*Turner, Raymond M., Janice E. Bowers and Tony
L. Burgess. 1995. Sonoran Desert Plants An Ecological Atlas, The University of
Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
*Tuttle, Merlin D. 1988.
*Udvardy, Miklos D.F. 1977. The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds Western Region, Alfred A.
Knopf, Inc.,
*United States Fish and Wildlife Service;
Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge Web Site
http://www.fws.gov/southwest/refuges/arizona/cabeza.html
*University of Michigan, Animal Diversity Web http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/
*Walker, Henry P. and Don Bufkin.
1979. Historical Atlas of
*Walters, James W. A Guide to Forest Insect and Disease Management pf Southwestern Conifers, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
*Whitaker, John O., Jr. 1996. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
*Whitson, Tom D., Larry C.
Burrill, Steven A. Dewey, David W. Cudney, B.E. Nelson, Richard D. Lee, Robert
Parker. 1996. Weeds of the West, Pioneer of