December
1, 2005 Update
TOWNSHIP
19 SOUTH, RANGE 15 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA
Gila
and Salt River Baseline and Meridian
Major Contributor and Source of
Information: William T. Kendall. Southwest Environmental Information Network
(SEINet). Special Status Species Reports -
Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.
Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized in the surrounding native environment.
Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.
Appreciation is expressed to the
officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game
and Fish Department,
Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.
DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.
CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted.
This photograph was
taken looking east into the
The following are a few of the
plants reported from this township that might be useful in landscaping and
restoration projects. Trees and Large
Shrubs: Alligator Juniper (Juniperus
deppeana), Silverleaf Oak (Quercus
hypoleucoides), Arizona White Oak (Quercus
arizonica), Emory Oak (Quercus emoryi),
Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina),
Mexican Blue Oak (Quercus oblongifolia),
Mexican Pinyon Pine (Pinus cembroides),
Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens),
Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii), Tahitian Kidneywood (Eysenhardtia orthocarpa), Desert
Hackberry (Celtis pallida), Wild
Cotton (Gossypium thurberi), Fishhook
Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni),
Chain-fruit Cholla (Opuntia fulgida
var. fulgida), Cane Cholla (Opuntia spinosior), Greythorn (Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens), Common Sotol (Dasylirion wheeleri) and Desert
Honeysuckle (Anisacanthus thurberi). Vines and Climbers: Woodbine (Parthenocissus vitacea), Vining
Snapdragon (Maurandella antirrhiniflora),
Big Root (Marah gilensis) and
Pipevine Flower (Aristolochia watsoni).
Shrubs and Large Grasses: Desert
Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia engelmannii
var. engelmannii), Palmer Agave (Agave palmeri), White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana), Spike
Pappusgrass (Enneapogon desvauxii), Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla var. eriophylla) and Tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus). Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents: Schott Agave (Agave schottii), Mexican Campion (Silene laciniata subsp. greggii),
Parry Penstemon (Penstemon parryi), Wild
Delphinium (Delphinium scaposum), Brownfoot
(Anisacanthus thurberi), Bluedicks (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. pauciflorum), Hillside Vervain (Verbena neomexicana var. xylopoda), Red Dome Blanketflower (Gaillardia pinnatifida), Aspen Onion (Allium bisceptrum var. palmeri), Orange Flameflower (Talinum aurantiacum), California Suncup
(Camissonia californica), Desert
Mariposa Lily (Calochortus kennedyi)
and Desert Windflower (Anemone tuberosa).
Township Notes
Location: This township is
located in southeastern
Landmarks: A portion of the
Elevation: Elevations range from approximately 3,770 feet at the northwest corner to approximately 8,286 feet at an unnamed peak located west northwest of the southeast corner (1).
Soil: Soils are described as thermic (hot) arid and semiarid soils (soils with mean annual temperatures of 59 degrees to 72 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees to 22 degrees Centigrade) and 10 to 16 inches (25 to 41 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Continental-Sonoita-Tubac Association (deep, arid soils on uplands), White House-Bernardino-Caralampi Association (deep, semiarid soils on uplands) and the Rock Outcrop-Lampshire-Cellar Association (rock outcrops and very shallow, and shallow, semiarid soils of the mountains and foothills) and mesic (cool) subhumid soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of 47 degrees to 59 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees to 15 degrees Centigrade) and more than 16 inches (41 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Rock Outcrop-Barkerville-Faraway Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow subhumid soils of the mountains) (3).
Biotic Community: Portions of this township are located within the Scrub-Grassland (Semidesert Grassland) Regional Formation of the Grassland Formation and Madrean Evergreen Woodland of the Woodland Formation with associated Wetlands (4).
Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic
Map of Township Showing Adjacent Sections
The
The ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to
Contact:
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT
NURSERY
http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native
plant for which there is a buyer.
Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant
Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.
The
The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.
NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE
(The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts
a tremendous amount of time and effort
into the
organizing and overseeing of their rescue
events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated
members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.)
The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT
SOCIETY organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development.
If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your
landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew member.
Contact: Tucson Cactus and
Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759, 520-885-6367.
LISTING
OF PLANTS
STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY
OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE PLANTS FROM
COLLECTION, MUTILATION OR
DESTRUCTION
Acanthaceae: The Acanthus Family
Anisacanthus thurberi (J. Torrey) A. Gray (5): Anisacanthus, Chuparosa, Colegayo, Desert Honeysuckle, Thurber Anisacanthus, Thurber’s Desert-honeysuckle (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 8 feet high) (6); within range reported from canyon bottoms and along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation; this plant is browsed by wildlife; the flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds, the Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers; useful as an ornamental)
Elytraria imbricata (M.H. Vahl) C.H. Persoon: Purple Scalystem (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky outcrops, rocky hillsides, slopes, woodlands, grasslands, desertscrubs, roadsides, along washes, mesquite bosques, often among rocks and in bouldery soil 3,400 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Agavaceae: The Century-plant Family
Agave palmeri G. Engelmann: Agave, Century Plant, Lechugilla, Maguey, Mescal, Palmer Agave, Palmer’s Century Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 4 feet high with a flowering stem reaching to 24 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas and outcrops 3,500 to 7,500 feet elevation; the Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) has been observed visiting the flowers; useful as an ornamental)
Agave parviflora J. Torrey (subsp. parviflora is the subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Little Princess Agave, Maguey Sobari, Santa Cruz Striped Agave, Small-flowered Agave, Smallflower Century Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high with a flowering stem reaching to 6 feet in height); within range reported from mountain slopes, canyons, woodlands, rocky and gravelly slopes and ridges, hillcrests, bajadas, grasslands and flats 3,600 to 4,600 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Agave schottii G. Engelmann: Agave, Amole, Amolillo, Schott Agave, Schott’s Century Plant, Shin Dagger, Shin Digger (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high with a flowering stem reaching to 12 feet in height); within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock outcrops and bajadas 4,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson: Cactus Spoon, Common Sotol, Desert Spoon, Sotol, Spoon Flower, Spoon Plant, Wheeler Dasylirion, Wheeler Sotol (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (under 8 feet high with a flowering spike reaching to 15 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas and rocky and gravelly hillsides 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by bighorn sheep)
Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family
Gomphrena caespitosa J. Torrey: Ball-clover, Tufted Ball Clover, Tufted Globe Amaranth (terrestrial herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mountains, passes, canyons, woodlands, foothills, hillsides, bajadas, meadows, plains, grasslands, gulches and riparian woodlands 3,500 to 6,200 feet elevation)
Anacardiaceae: The Sumac Family
Toxicodendron rydbergii (J.K. Small ex P.A. Rydberg) E.L. Greene (Rhus radicans C. Linnaeus (var. rydbergii (J.K. Small) A. Rehder is the variety reported from Arizona) Toxicodendron radicans C.E. Kuntze): Hiedra, Mala, Poison Ivy, Poison-oak, Western Poison Ivy (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (to 2 feet high, vine may reach a height of over 30 feet with trunk diameters of up to 12 inches); within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, ravines, stream banks, streambeds, bottomlands and disturbed areas 3,000 to 8,000 feet elevation; provides beautiful fall colors with the leaves turning yellow, orange and red; the plant’s oils cause painful swelling and skin eruptions, the milky juice is poisonous when taken internally; an applicable saying: “leaflets of three, let it be”; FIREFIGHTERS should exercise caution when working fires in areas where Poison Ivy is known to occur because the plant may not be recognizable and the smoke from the burning plant may carry with it a toxic substance (urushiol) that can cause serious rashes inside of the nose, throat and lungs)
Apiaceae: The Carrot Family
(Umbelliferae: The Parsley Family)
Bowlesia incana H. Ruiz Lopez & J.A. Pavon: American Bowlesia, Hairy Bowlesia, Hoary Bowlesia (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed areas 1,000 to 3,500 feet elevation)
Daucus sp.: Wild Carrot
Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) T. Coulter & J.N. Rose var. parishii (T. Coulter & J.N. Rose) W.L. Jepson: Parish’s Biscuitroot (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas and rocky slopes 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Spermolepis echinata (T. Nuttall ex A.P. de Condolle) A.A. Heller: Beggar’s Lice, Bristly Scaleseed, Scaleseed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Aristolochiaceae: The Birthwort Family
Aristolochia watsoni E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley: Dutchman’s Pipevine, Hierba del Indio, Indian-root, Pipevine Flower, Raiz del Indio, Watson’s Dutchman’s Pipe, Watson Indian Root (terrestrial perennial herbaceous vine; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Asclepiadaceae: The Milkweed Family
Asclepias asperula (J. Decaisne) R.E. Woodson subsp. asperula: Spider Milkweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, forests, rocky outcrops, meadows, hillsides, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, roadsides, along creeks, around ponds and lakes, riparian areas and moist and sandy soils 1,100 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Asclepias glaucescens K.S. Kunth (Asclepias elata G. Bentham): Nodding Milkweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, cliffs, forests, hillsides, rocky slopes, rock outcrops, woodlands, scrubs and along creeks and streams 4,000 to 6,400 feet elevation)
Asclepias lemmonii A. Gray: Bigleaf Milkweed, Lemmon’s Milkweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, saddles, open forests, woodlands, grasslands and outwash plains 4,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Asclepias nummularia J. Torrey: Tufted Milkweed, Yerba de Guerve (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, mesas, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, woodlands, grasslands, sandy slopes and rocky soils 3,000 to 5,600 feet elevation)
Asteraceae: The Aster Family
(Compositae: The Sunflower Family)
Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia wrightii A. Gray): Brownfoot, Desert Holly, Perezia, Pink Perezia (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, gravelly bajadas and flats below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ageratina paupercula (A. Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson (Eupatorium pauperculum A. Gray): Santa Rita Snakeroot (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, woodlands, recesses under boulder, along streams and damp and wet soils3,300 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Condolle (Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Condolle) P.A. Rydberg): Altamisa de Playa, Bursage Ragweed, Estafiate, Field Ragweed, Slimleaf Bursage, Weakleaf Burr Ragweed, Weak-leaved Burweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes, roadsides, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Antennaria marginata E.L. Greene: Whitemargin Pussytoes (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyon walls, below cliffs, rocky slopes, ravines, ridges, meadows, basins and along washes, creeks and streams 5,000 to 9,500 feet elevation)
Artemisia ludoviciana T. Nuttall: Louisiana Cudweed Sagewort, Gray Sagewort, Louisiana Sagewort, Louisiana Wormwood, Mugwort Wormwood, Prairie Sage, Sagewort, White Sage, White Sagebrush (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (2 to 4 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, valleys, gulches, along washes, streambeds and fence rows 2,500 to 8,500 feet elevation)
Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Desert Broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 10 feet high); within range reported from hills, flats, roadsides, along washes and streambeds, floodplains, bottom lands and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, consider planting male plants only to eliminate seed production)
Baccharis thesioides K.S. Kunth: Arizona Baccharis, Arizona False Willow, Mogollon Baccharis (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mountains, canyons, and rocky slopes 4,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Brickellia betonicifolia A. Gray: Betonyleaf Brickellbush (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, hillsides, rocky draws, along washes and streams and moist soils 4,500 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Chaenactis stevioides W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott (Chaenactis stevioides W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott var. stevioides): Broad-leaved Chaenactis, Desert Pincushion, Esteve False-yarrow, Esteve Pincushion, Pincushion Flower, Steve’s Dustymaiden (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Chaetopappa ericoides (J. Torrey) G.L. Nesom (Aster arenosus (F.X. Heller) J. Blake, Aster hirtifolius J. Blake, Leucelene erioides (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene): Baby Aster, Rose Heath, Smallflower Aster, White Aster (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 6 inches high); within range reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, shaded cliffs, rocky and gravelly slopes, hillsides, ridge tops, woodlands, grasslands and gravelly soils 3,400 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Cirsium arizonicum (A. Gray) F. Petrak: Arizona Thistle (terrestrial biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, forests, clearings in forests, rocky slopes, rocky ledges, meadows, hollows, woodlands, scrubs, foothills, hillsides, gulches and roadsides 3,000 to 7,700 feet elevation)
Erigeron arisolius G.L. Nesom: Arid Throne Fleabane (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from woodlands, grasslands, roadsides and moist and rocky soils 2,600 to 5,700 feet elevation)
Erigeron colomexicanus A. Nelson (Erigeron divergens J. Torrey & A. Gray var. cinereus A. Gray): Running Daisy, Running Fleabane (terrestrial biennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, forests, woodlands, rocky hills, hillsides, slopes, grasslands, desertscrubs, riparian areas and moist and rocky soils 2,600 to 7,600 feet elevation)
Gaillardia pinnatifida J. Torrey; Blanketflower, Pinnate-leaved Blanketflower, Red Dome Blanketflower, Slender Gaillardia (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mountains, mesas, forests, clearings in forests, meadows, woodlands, foothills, slopes, grasslands, desertscrubs, plains, roadsides, streambeds and sandy soils 3,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Gutierrezia sp.: Snakeweed
Heliomeris longifolia (P.A. Robins & J.M. Greenman) T.D. Cockerell var. annua (M.E. Jones) L.G. Yates (Viguiera annua (M.E. Jones) J. Blake): Annual Goldeneye, Goldeneye, Longleaf False Goldeneye (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from hills, rocky hillsides, grasslands, plains and river bottoms 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Hymenothrix wrightii A. Gray: Wright Hymenothrix, Wright’s Thimblehead (terrestrial biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, slopes, ravines, hillsides, roadsides, along washes and lakesides 4,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Isocoma tenuisecta E.L. Greene (Aplopappus
tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake,
Haplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Burroweed, Hierba del Burrow (terrestrial
perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from
mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, draws and disturbed
areas 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Lasthenia californica A.P. de Condolle ex J. Lindley (Baeria chrysostoma F.E. von Fischer &C.A. Mey, Lasthenia chrysostoma (F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey) E.L. Greene): California Goldfields, Goldfield (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, plains and gravelly flats 1,500 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Malacothrix fendleri A. Gray: Desert Dandelion, Fendler’s Desertdandelion (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, plains, flats, grassland, desertscrubs, roadsides, along washes, riparian shrublands and sandy soils 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Malacothrix stebbinsii W.S. Davis & J.E. Raven (Malacothrix clevelandii A. Gray var. stebbinsii (W.S. Davis & J.E. Raven) A.J. Cronquist): Stebbins’ Desertdandilion (terrestrial annual herb, within range reported from mountains, canyons, woodlands, scrubs, in the shade of boulders, grasslands, desertscrubs and along washes and streams 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Pectis imberbis A. Gray: Beardless Chinchweed, Beardless Fetid-marigold, Hierba de Venado (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, hills, woodlands, grasslands and disturbed areas 2,900 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Pseudognaphalium stramineum (K.S. Kunth) W.A. Weber (Gnaphalium chilense C.P. Sprengel): Annual Cudweed, Cotton Batting, Cottonbatting Cudweed, Cottonbatting Plant, Cotton cudweed, Small-flowered Cudweed (terrestrial annual or biennial herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky slopes, forests, woodlands, grasslands, desertscrubs, along streams and rivers, lake beds and shores, riparian areas and disturbed areas 100 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray: Desert Chicory, Desert Dandelion, Goatsbeard, New Mexico Plumeseed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes and plains 200 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Stylocline micropoides A. Gray: Desert Neststraw, Woollyhead Fambract, Woollyhead Neststraw (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes 500 to 4,000 feet elevation)
Tithonia thurberi A. Gray: Arizona Sunflowerweed (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mountains, mountainsides, canyons, woodlands, ravines, grasslands, roadsides, near streams, mesquite bosques, riparian forests and disturbed areas 1,600 to 4,600 feet elevation)
Viguiera cordifolia A. Gray: Heartleaf Goldeneye (trerrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, forests, plains and dry soils 3,500 to 9,000 feet elevation)
Viguiera dentata (A.J. Cavanilles) C.P. Sprengel var. lancifolia J. Blake: Lanceleaf Goldeneye, Sunflower Goldeneye, Toothleaf Goldeneye (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, draws, along edges of arroyos, sandy washes, ditch banks 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Boraginaceae: The Borage Family
Cryptantha pterocarya (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene: Wing-fruited Forget-me-not, Wingnut Cat’s-eye, Wingnut Cryptantha, Wingnut Nievitas, Peluda (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and rocky and gravelly flats and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation)
Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A. Gray) E.L. Greene ex A. Gray: Arizona Popcornflower, Bloodweed, Blood Weed (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats, among rocks, washes, streambeds and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)
Plagiobothrys pringlei E.L. Greene: Pringle Popcorn-flower, Pringle’s Popcornflower (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mountainsides, mesas, woodlands, rocky hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, chaparral, muddy and sandy flats, grasslands, desertscrubs, roadsides, along washes and streams, floodplains and moist and sandy soils 1,200 to 4,800 feet elevation)
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): The Mustard Family
Arabis perennans S. Watson: Perennial Rockcress, Rock Cress, Stiff-arm Rock Cress (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock crevices and along washes 2,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Capsella bursa-pastoris (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus: Bosa de Pastor, Paniquesillo, Shepherd’s Purse (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides, disturbed areas and waste places below 8,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Descurainia pinnata (T. Walter) N.L. Britton: Green Tansy Mustard, Pamita, Pinnate Tansy Mustard, Sirolitutilli, Tansy Mustard, Western Tansymustard, Yellow Tansy Mustard (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains below 7,000 feet elevation)
Lepidium oblongum J.K. Small: Peppergrass, Veiny Peppergrass, Veiny Pepperweed, Wayside Peppergrass (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from waste places and disturbed areas 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Lepidium virginicum C. Linnaeus var. medium (E.L. Greene) C.L. Hitchcock (Lepidium medium E.L. Greene): Medium Pepperweed, Pepperweed (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from disturbed areas below 7,500 feet elevation)
Schoenocrambe linearifolia (A. Gray) R.C. Rollins (Sisymbrium linearifolium (A. Gray) E.B. Payson): Slimleaf Plainsmustard (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from rocky slopes, forests, woodlands, scubs, grasslands, streambeds 2,500 to 9,500 feet elevation)
Sisymbrium irio C. Linnaeus: London Rocket, Pamita, Pamiton, Rocket Mustard (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides, floodplains and disturbed areas below 4,500 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Streptanthus carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray: Lyreleaf Jewelflower, Lyreleaf Twistflower, Lyre-leaved Twistflower, Silver Bells (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 1,500 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Thysanocarpus curvipes W.J. Hooker (Thysanocarpus curvipes W.J. Hooker var. elegans (F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey) B.L. Robinson; Thysanocarpus amplectens E.L. Greene): Lace Pod, Lacepod, Sand Fringepod (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, meadows, flats, along washes and floodplains below 4,000 feet elevation)
Cactaceae: The Cactus Family
Coryphantha scheeri (F. Müehlenpfordt) L. Benson var. robustispina (H.W. Schott) L. Benson (Mammillaria robustispina H.W. Schott ex G. Engelmann): Longtubercle Beehive Cactus, Devil’s Pincushion, Pima Pineapple Cactus, Scheer’s Strong-spined Cory Cactus, Stout-needled Cory Cactus, Stout-needled Mulee Pineapple (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, ridges, bajadas, slopes and flats. PERIPHERAL PLANT(S))
Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes and arroyos below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, and along washes, gullies and arroyos 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia fulgida G. Engelmann var. fulgida: Chain Cholla, Chain-fruit Cholla, Cholla, Cholla Brincadora, Choya, Jumping Cholla, Sonora Jumping Cholla, Velas de Ccoyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 15 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey: Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mountainsides, canyons, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and floodplains 1,000 to 5,000+ feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Campanulaceae: The
Triodanis perfoliata (C. Linnaeus) J.A. Nieuwland: Clasping-leaf Venus’-looking-glass, Clasping Venus’ Looking-glass, Venus Looking Glass (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky banks, woodlands, plains, streambeds, moist soils and disturbed areas below 7,000 feet elevation)
Caryophyllaceae: The Pink Family
Silene antirrhina C. Linnaeus: Catchfly, Desert Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Silene (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes and streambeds below 6,000 feet elevation)
Silene laciniata A.J. Cavanilles subsp. greggii (A. Gray) A.S. Hitchock & B. Maguire: Cardinal Catchfly, Catchfly, Gregg’s Campion, Mexican Campion, Mexican Silene (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, forests, saddles, woodlands and rocky slopes and banks 5,500 to 9,700 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, brilliant cardinal red flowers)
Convolvulaceae: The Morning-glory Family
Evolvulus arizonicus A. Gray: Arizona Blue-eyes, Evolvulus, Wild Dwarf Morning-glory, Wild Morning-glory (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, flats and along washes 3,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ipomoea costellata J. Torrey: Crestrib Morning-glory (terrestrial annual herb or vine; within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, forests, woodlands, grasslands, plains and sandy washes 3,500 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Ipomoea longifolia G. Bentham: Pinkthroat Morning-glory (terrestrial herb or vine; within range reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky cliffs, rocky hillsides, slopes, woodlands, foothills, grasslands, plains, roadsides and rocky and gravelly soils 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Crassulaceae: The Stonecrop Family
Graptopetalum bartramii J.N. Rose (Echeveria bartramii (J.N. Rose) T.H. Kearney & R.H. Peebles)): Bartram Stonecrop, Patagonia Mountain Leatherpetal (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky canyons, rock outcrops, woodlands, rocky crevices and along washes 3.500 to 6,700 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Cucurbitaceae: The Cucumber Family
Marah gilensis E.L. Greene: Big Root, Gila Manroot, Wild Cucumber (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Cupressaceae: The
Juniperus deppeana E.G. von Steudel: Alligator Bark Juniper, Alligator Juniper, Checker Bark Juniper, Western Juniper (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (20 to 65 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, forests, rocky slopes, rocky hillsides, woodlands, grasslands, along washes and rocky soils 4,200 to 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental with older trees having considerable character; birds and mammals feed on the berries)
Cyperaceae: The Sedge Family
Bulbostylis capillaris (C. Linnaeus) K.S. Kunth ex C.B. Clarke: Densetuft Hairsedge, Threadleaf Beakseed (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, hillsides, gravelly slopes, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, sandy washes, streambeds and wet soils along streams and gravelly soils 4,500 to 7,600 feet elevation)
Carex chihuahuensis K.K. MacKenzie: Chihuahuan Sedge, Sedge (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, among rocks, wet meadows, desertscrubs, valleys, springs, along rivers, cienegas, riparian forests and woodlands and damp sands 3,600 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Cyperus squarrosus C. Linnaeus: (Cyperus aristatus C.F. Rottboll). Awned Cyperus, Awned Flat Sedge, Bearded Flatsedge, Dwarf Sedge, Umbrella Sedge (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from canyons and wet ground 2,500 to 7,500 feet elevation)
Carex ultra L.H. Bailey: Arizona Giant Sedge, Cochise Sedge (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from seeps, springs and wet alluvial, gravelly and sandy soils 2,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Euphorbiaceae: The Spurge Family
Euphorbia cyathophora J. Murr (Euphorbia heterophylla C. Linnaeus var. graminifolia G. Engelmann): Fire on the Mountain (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, soil pockets in outcrops and along washes 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Euphorbia heterophylla C. Linnaeus: Catalina, Japanese Poinsettia, Mexican Fireplant, Painted Spurge, Picachalih, Summer Poinsettia, Wild Poinsettia (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, soil pockets in outcrops and along washes 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Manihot davisiae L.C. Croizat: Arizona Cassava, Arizona Manihot (terrestrial perennial shrub; mountains, canyons, rocky hillsides, stony slopes and grasslands 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)
Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family
Acacia greggii A. Gray var. greggii (Acacia greggii A. Gray, Acacia greggii A. Gray var. arizonica P.T. Isley): Algarroba, Catclaw, Catclaw Acacia, Devil’s Claw, Gatuno, Gregg Catclaw, Tear Blanket, Tepame, Tesota, Una de Gato (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 23 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, floodplains and along sandy washes and streams below 4,500 feet elevation: useful as an ornamental)
Astragalus nothoxys A. Gray: Crazyweed, Halfmoon Locoweed, Loco; Locoweed, Poisonvetch, Rattleweed, Sheep Loco, Sheep Milkvetch (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, mesas, slopes and plains 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham var. eriophylla: Cabelleto de Angel, Cabeza Angel, Fairyduster, False Mesquite, False Mesquite Calliandra, Guajillo, Hairy-leaved Calliandra, Huajillo, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by wildlife.)
Calliandra humilis G. Bentham: Dwarf Stickpea, Fairy Duster, False Mesquite, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 inches high); within range reported from gravelly slopes, woodlands and grasslands 4,000 to 9,000 feet elevation)
Dalea versicolor J.G. Zuccarini subsp. versicolor var. sessilis (A. Gray) R.C. Barneby (Dalea wislizeni A. Gray var. sanctae-crucis (P.A. Rydberg) T.H. Kearney & R.H. Peebles, Dalea wislizeni A. Gray var. sessilis A. Gray): Oakwoods Prairie Clover (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within range reported from rocky slopes, rocky hills and grasslands 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; larval food plant for the Ceraunus Blue (Hemigarus ceraunus) and Southern Dogface (Colias cesonia))
Erythrina flabelliformis T.H. Kearney: Chilicote, Coralbean, Coral Tree, Indian-bean, Southwestern Coralbean, Western Coral-bean (terrestrial perennial shrub or tree (to 15 feet high); within range reported from mountains, rocky slopes, among boulders and rocky hillsides 3,000 to 5,500 feet elevation, useful as an ornamental but is very sensitive to frosts; seeds are poisonous)
Eysenhardtia orthocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson (Eysenhardtia polystachya (C.G. de Ortega) C.S. Sargent: Mexican Kidneywood of west-central Mexico is no longer considered to be a species occurring in Arizona): Tahitian Kidneywood (terrestrial perennial shrub or tree (10 to 20 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, talus slopes, woodlands, rocky hills, grasslands, plains, along arroyos, washes, streambeds, riparian areas and gravelly soils 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Galactia wrightii A. Gray: Cliff Bean, Wright’s Milkpea (terrestrial perennial herb, vine or subshrub; within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Lupinus concinnus J.G. Agardh subsp. concinnus: Annual Lupine, Bajada Lupine, Bluebonnet, Elegant Lupine, Lupine, Scarlet Lupine (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Lupinus huachucanus M.E. Jones: Huachuca Mountain Lupine (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, forests, woodlands and roadsides 4,000 to 7,600 feet elevation)
Lupinus sparsiflorus G. Bentham subsp. mojavensis Dziekanowski & D.B. Dunn: Mojave Lupine (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, bajadas, flats, roadsides and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mimosa aculeaticarpa C.G. de Ortega var. biuncifera (G. Bentham) R.C. Barneby (Mimosa biuncifera G. Bentham): Cat Claw, Catclaw Mimosa, Garruno, Gatuno, Una de Gato, Wait-a-bit,
Wait-a-minute, Wait-a-Minute Bush (terrestrial
perennial shrub or small tree (to 8 feet high); within range reported from
mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, gravelly flats and along washes 3,000
to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for wildlife
and forage for Whitetail Deer; reportedly useful in controlling erosion)
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray: Frijol, Tepary, Tepary Bean, Texas Bean, Wild Tepary Bean (terrestrial annual herb or vine; within range reported from woodlands, moist swales, mesquite bosques, riparian woodlands and disturbed areas 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; planted to increase soil fertility)
Prosopis velutina E.O. Wooton (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Condolle var. velutina (E.O. Wooton) C.S. Sargent): Algarroba, Chachaca, Mesquite, Mezquite, Velvet Mesquite (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and floodplains below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife)
Tephrosia thurberi (P.A. Rydberg) C.E. Wood: Thurber’s Hoarypea (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, mountainsides, canyons, woodlands and slopes 4,500 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Vicia ludoviciana T. Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana (Vicia exigua T. Nuttall): Louisiana Vetch, Slender Vetch, Slim Vetch, Vetch (terrestrial annual herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes and along washes and streambeds below 4,000 feet elevation)
Fagaceae: The Beech Family
Quercus arizonica C.S. Sargent: Arizona Oak, Arizona White Oak, Roble (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (30 to 60 or more feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, woodlands and foothills 5,000 to7,600 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, one of the largest of the southwestern oaks)
Quercus emoryi J. Torrey: Blackjack Oak, Black Oak, Bellota, Emory Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (to 50 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, ridges, slopes, woodlands and foothills 3,000 to 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; the acorns “bellotas” are eaten by wildlife and the leaves are browsed by deer)
Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus: Silverleaf Oak, Whiteleaf Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (30 to 65 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, woodlands, and slopes 5,000 to 8,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Quercus oblongifolia J. Torrey: Mexican Blue Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (16 to 30 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, foothills and woodlands 4,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; the foliage is browsed by deer)
Fouquieriaceae: The Ocotillo Family
Fouquieria splendens G. Engelmann: Albarda, Barda, Candle Bush, Candle Wood, Coach Whip, Flamingsword, Jacob’s Staff, Monkey-tail, Ocotillo, Ocotillo del Corral, Slimwood, Vine Cactus (terrestrial perennial shrub (7 to 33 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; a preferred food plant of Costa’s Hummingbird)
Garryaceae: The Silktassel Family
Garrya sp. Silktassel
Geraniaceae: The Geranium Family
Erodium cicutarium (C. Linnaeus) C.L. L'Héritier de Brutelle: Afilaree, Alfilaria, Alfilerilla, Alfilerillo, Clocks, Common Stork’s Bill, Filaree, Heron Bill, Red-stem Filaree, Redstem Stork’s Bill (terrestrial winter annual or biennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas below 7,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Hydrophyllaceae: The Waterleaf Family
Eucrypta micrantha (J. Torrey) A.A. Heller: Dainty Desert Hideseed, Peluda, Smallflower Eucrypta, Small-flowered Eucrypta (terrestrial winter annual herb; within range reported from canyons and rocky slopes and gravelly flats below 4,000 feet elevation)
Nama sp.: Fiddleleaf, Nama
Phacelia affinis A. Gray: Limestone Phacelia, Limestone Scorpion-weed, Purple Bell Phacelia, Purple Bell (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, along washes and streams and seeps 2,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)
Phacelia arizonica A. Gray:
Phacelia bombycina E.O. Wooten & P.C. Standley: Mangas Spring Phacelia (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from canyons, mountainsides, rocky slopes, ravines, valleys, roadsides, washes, arroyos, creeks, river bottoms and disturbed areas)
Phacelia distans G. Bentham (Phacelia distans G. Bentham var. australis A. Brand): Blue Phacelia, Caterpillar Phacelia, Distant Phacelia, Fern-leaf Phacelia, Scorpion-weed, Wild Heliotrope (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation)
Juncaceae: The Rush Family
Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson (Juncus
ensifolius J.E. Wikström var. montanus
(G. Engelmann) C.L. Hitchcock): Rocky
Mountain Rush (terrestrial perennial
herb; within range reported from mountains, moist meadows and wet soils 4,000
to 9,500 feet elevation)
Krameriaceae: The Ratany Family
Krameria erecta C.L. von Wildenow (Krameria parviflora G. Bentham): Chacate, Coashui, Littleleaf Ratany, Pima Ratany, Purple Heather, Range Ratany, Small-flower Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 5,000 feet)
Lamiaceae (Labiatae): The Mint Family
Hedeoma dentata J. Torrey: Dentate False Pennyroyal, Mock-pennyroyal (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes 4,000 to 7,500 feet elevation)
Lamium amplexicaule C. Linnaeus: Dead Nettle, Henbit, Henbit Deadnettle (terrestrial annual or biennial herb; within range reported from along washes and disturbed areas below 9,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Liliaceae: The Lily Family
Allium bisceptrum S. Watson var. palmeri (S. Watson) A.J. Cronquist (Allium palmeri S. Watson): Aspen Onion (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from forests, woodlands, along streambeds and riparian forests 4,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Calochortus kennedyi T.C. Porter: Desert Mariposa, Desert Mariposa Lily, Desert Mariposa Tulip, Mariposa Lily, Red Mariposa Lily (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas and flats below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Dichelostemma capitatum (G. Bentham) W. Wood subsp. pauciflorum (J. Torrey) G. Keator (Dichelostemma pulchellum (R.A. Salisbury) A.A. Heller var. pauciflorum (J. Torrey) R.F. Hoover): Bluedicks, Brodiaea, Covena, Coveria, Desert Hyacinth, Few-flowered Covena, Grass Nuts, Papago Lily, Purplehead, Wild Hyacinth terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas and gravelly flats below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Lilium parryi S. Watson: Lemon Lily, Parry Lily (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, forests, hillsides, springs, along washes, creeks and streams, riparian forests, riparian areas and moist and sandy soils below 7,800 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, the yellow flowers are fragrant)
Nothoscordum bivalve (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton: Crowpoison (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, mesas, plateaus, slopes, woodlands, hillsides, grasslands, desertscrubs, along creeks, riparian areas, edges of pools, rocky areas and sandy soils 700 to 8,600 feet elevation)
Linaceae: The Flax Family
Linum usitatissimum C. Linnaeus: Common Flax, Cultivated Flax (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from hills, hillsides, rock outcrops, grasslands, flats, desertscrubs, roadsides and railroad right-of-ways 2,200 to 6,400 feet elevation. EXOTIC)
Lythraceae: The Loosestrife Family
Lythrum californicum J. Torrey & A. Gray: California Loosestrife, Hierba del Cancer (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 5? feet high); within range reported from along streams, bogs and wet soils 500 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Malvaceae: The Mallow Family
Abutilon abutiloides (N.J. von Jacquin) C.A. Garcke ex N.L. Britton & W.M. Wilson:
Berlandier Abutilon, Indian Mallow, Shrubby
Indian Mallow (terrestrial perennial
herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from bajadas and along washes;
food and nesting plant of the caterpillar of the
Gossypium thurberi A. Todaro: Algodoncillo, Desert Cotton, Thurber’s Cotton, Thurberia, Wild Cotton, Wild Desert Cotton (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (3 to 12 feet high); within range reported from canyons, gravelly and rocky slopes and along washes, streambeds and ditches 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Sida abutifolia P. Miller (Sida filicaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray, Sida procumbens E.J. Schwartz): Spreading Fanpetals, Spreading Sida (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly and sandy flats 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Nyctaginaceae: The Four-o’clock Family
Boerhavia scandens C. Linnaeus (Commicarpus scandens (C. Linnaeus) P.C. Standley): Bush Spiderling, Climbing Wartclub, Miona, Pega-polla (terrestrial perennial subshrub or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats and along washes 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Mirabilis coccinea (J. Torrey) G. Bentham & W.J. Hooker f. (Oxybaphus coccineus J. Torrey): Red Four O’Clock, Scarlet Four O’Clock (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from forests, clearings in forests, rocky slopes, rocky hillsides, among rocks and grasslands 4,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; brilliant, carmine-red flowers open at night)
Mirabilis longiflora C. Linnaeus: Maravilla, Sweet Four O’Clock (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from canyons, woodlands, among boulders, grasslands, riparian forests and rich soils 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; long pink or white flowers open in late afternoon)
Onagraceae: The Evening-primrose Family
Camissonia californica (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) J.E. Raven (Oenothera leptocarpa E.L. Greene): California Suncup, Mustard Camissonia, Mustard Evening Primrose (terrestrial winter annual or perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, plains, flats and along washes below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Orobanchaceae: The Broom-rape Family
Epilobium ciliatum C.S. Rafinesque subsp. ciliatum (Epilobium adenocaulon H.C. Haussknecht): Fringed Wiloowherb, Hairy Willowherb, Hairy Willoweed, Transpecos Willowherb (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, meadows, flats, seeps, springs, along creeks and streams, cienegas and moist and wet soils 4,000 to 9,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Orobanche fasciculata T. Nuttall: Cancer-root, Clustered Broomrape (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from forests, scrubs and volcanic cinders 4,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Oxalidaceae: The Wood-sorrel Family
Oxalis stricta C. Linnaeus: Chanchaquilla, Common Yellow Oxalis, Yellow Wood Sorrel (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from along streams 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Pineaceae: The Pine Family
Pinus cembroides J.G. Zuccarini: Mexican Pinyon, Mexican Pinyon Pine, Nut Pine, Pino, Pinon, Pinonero, Pinyon Pine (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (15 to 50 feet high); within range reported from mountains, mesas, plateaus, rocky slopes, among boulders and along streambeds 4,900 to 7,500 feet elevation; the seeds are eaten by wildlife; useful as an ornamental)
Plantaginaceae: The Plantain Family
Plantago virginica C. Linnaeus: Pale-seeded Plantain, Virginia Plantain (terrestrial annual or biennial herb; within range reported from moist soils 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Platanaceae: The Planetree Family
Platanus wrightii S. Watson (Platanus racemosa T. Nuttall var. wrightii (S. Watson) L. Benson): Arizona Planetree, Arizona Sycamore, Buttonwood, Plane Tree (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (40 to 80 feet); within range reported from rocky canyons and along creeks and streams 2,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers; valuable in preventing erosion along stream banks)
Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family
Aristida californica G. Thurber ex S. Watson var. glabrata G. Vasey (Aristida glabrata (G. Vasey) A.S. Hitchcock): Santa Rita Threeawn (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, mesas, foothills, bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, desertscrubs, along washes, floodplains and gravelly and sandy soils 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Aristida ternipes A.J. Cavanilles var. gentilis (J.S. Henrickson) K.W. Allred (Aristida hamulosa J.S. Henrickson): Hook Threeawn, Poverty Threeawn, Spidergrass, Threeawn, Zacate Arana de Tres (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, plateaus, rocky slopes, bajadas, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Bothriochloa barbinodis (M. Lagasca y Segura) W.G. Herter (Andropogon barbinodis M. Lagasca y Segura): Algodonero, Bristlejoint Bluestem, Cane Beard Grass, Cane Bluestem, Perforated Bluestem, Pinhole Beardgrass, Pinhole Bluestem, Popotillo, Zacate Popotillo (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bouteloua chondrosioides (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) G. Bentham ex S. Watson: Harvard Grama, Sprucetop Grama, Woolly-spiked Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes and rocky flats 2,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bouteloua curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey: Navajita Banderilla,
Sideoats Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and
gravelly slopes and hills 1,800 to 7,000 feet elevation; larval food plant for
the
Bouteloua repens (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill (Bouteloua filiformis (E.P. Fournier) D. Griffiths): Navajta Rastrera, Large Mesquite Grama, Slender Grama, Zacate Sabanilla (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, foothills, flats, roadsides and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation)
Bouteloua rothrockii G. Vasey (Bouteloua barbata M. Lagasca y Segura var. rothrockii (G. Vasey) F.W. Gould): Navajita Liebrero, Rothrock’s Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, sandy bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bromus frondosus (C.L. Shear) E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley: Weeping Brome (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from forests, woodlands and rocky hillsides 5,500 to 9,500 feet elevation)
Chloris virgata O. Swartz: Cola de Zorra, Feather Fingergrass, Showy Chloris, Zacate Lagunero (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, damp soil of streambeds, ditches, swales, waste places and disturbed land below 5,500 feet elevation)
Cynodon dactylon (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon: Bermudagrass, Devil Grass, European Bermuda Grass, Pata de Gallo, Zacate Bermuda, Zacate Ingles (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, roadsides, seeps, moist soil along washes, streambeds, cienegas and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Enneapogon desvauxii A.M. Palisot de Beauvois: Feather Pappusgrass, Nineawn Pappusgrass, Spike Pappusgrass, Wright Pappusgrass, Zacate Ladera, Zacate Lobero (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly flats 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Eragrostis cilianensis (C. Allioni) F. Vignolo-Lutati ex E.E. Janchen: Candygrass, Lovegrass, Stinkgrass, Stinking Lovegrass, Strong-scented Lovegrass, Zacate Apestoso (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, sandy flats, roadsides, gravelly soils along trails, along washes, damp soil in streambeds, bottomlands and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchcock: Plains Lovegrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, plains and flats 3,500 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Eragrostis lehmanniana C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Lehmann Lovegrass, Zacate Africano, Zacate de Amor (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Eragrostis pectinacea (A. Michaux) C.G. Nees von Esenbeck ex E.G. von Steudel var. miserrima (E.P. Fournier) J.R. Reeder (Eragrostis arida A.S. Hitchock): Desert Lovegrass (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, forests, rocky slopes, woodlands, desertscrubs, valleys, mesquite bosques, waste places and rocky and sandy soils 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Heteropogon contortus (C. Linnaeus) A.M. Palisot de Beauvois ex J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes: Barba Negra, Tanglehead, Tanglehead Grass, Retorcido Moreno, Zacate Colorado (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, ravines, plains, flats, roadsides and along washes 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Muhlenbergia elongata F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal (Muhlenbergia xerophila C.O. Goodding: Sycamore Canyon Muhly, Sycamore Muhy, Weeping Muhly (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, cliffs, rocky slopes,crevices, woodlands, gravelly slopes, seeps and riparian forests 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Muhlenbergia monticola (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.B. von Trinius: Mesa Muhly, Slimflower Muhly (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, ledges and rocky hills 4,500 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Muhlenbergia rigens (G. Bentham) A.S. Hitchcock: Deer Grass, Deergrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from plateaus, canyons, rocky slopes, meadows, flats and along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Panicum bulbosum K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Bulb Panicgrass, Bulb Panicum (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky canyons, slopes, forests and woodlands, hills, streambeds and moist soils 4,500 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Piptochaetium fimbriatum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock: Pinyon Ricegrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from dry slopes, limestone cliffs, forests, rocky hills and woodlands 4,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Sphenopholis obtusata (A. Michaux) F.L. Scribner: Prairie Wedgescale (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from forests, woodlands, desertscrubs, along streams and streambeds, riparian forests and moist soils 3,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Polemoniaceae: The Phlox Family
Eriastrum sp.: Woollystar
Gilia flavocincta A. Nelson subsp. australis (V. Grant & A.D. Grant) M.A. Day & V. Grant (Gilia ophthalmoides var. australis V. Grant & A.D. Grant): Gilia, Gily-flower, Lesser Yellowthroat Gilia, Yellowthroat Gily-flower (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, woodlands, rocky hills, hillsides, grasslands, rocky outcrops, flats, desertscrubs, along washes and streams, floodplains, riparian areas, rocky or sandy soils and disturbed areas 1,800 to 6,900 feet elevation)
Linanthus aureus (T. Nuttall) E.L. Greene: Desert Gold, Golden Linanthus, Yellow Linanthus (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, woodlands, sandy slopes, plains and desertscrubs 2,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Polygonaceae: The Buckwheat Family
Eriogonum abertianum J. Torrey: Abert’s Buckwheat, Abert Wild Buckwheat, Wild Buckwheat (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky and gravelly slopes, foothills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas 1,500 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Eriogonum thurberi J. Torrey: Thurber’s Buckwheat, Thurber Eriogonum (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and washes below 4,000 feet elevation)
Eriogonum wrightii J. Torrey ex G Bentham: Bastardsage, Wright Buckwheat, Wright Buckwheat Brush (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, valleys, rocky banks of washes and alluvial fans 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; important browse plant for deer)
Portulacaceae: The Purselane Family
Cistanthe parryi (A. Gray) M.A. Hershkovitz (var. arizonica (J.T. Howell) J.T. Kartesz & K.N. Gandhi is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona (Calyptridium parryi A. Gray var. arizonicum J.T. Howell is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Parry’s Pussypaws (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, bajadas, grasslands and desertscrubs 1,200 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Talinum aurantiacum G. Engelmann: Flame Flower, Orange Flameflower (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 1 foot high); within range reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, plains, flats and damp soil in streambeds 4,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Talinum paniculatum (N.J. von Jacquin) J. Gaertner: Jewels of Opar, Pink Baby Breath, Ramadel Sapo (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub; within range reported from rocky slopes, among rocks, grasslands, flats and desertscrubs and rich soils 3,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Primulaceae: The Primrose Family
Samolus vagans E.L. Greene: Chiricahua Mountain Brookweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, woodlands, ravines, springs, along brooks and streams, marshy meadows and in wet sand 3,500 to 7,200 feet elevation)
Samolus valerandi C. Linnaeus var. parviflorus (C.S. Rafinesque) O.E. Hultén (Samolus floribundus K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth, Samolus parviflorus C.S. Rafinesque): False Water Pimpernell, Pineland Pimpernell, Seaside Brookweed, Small-flowered Samolus, Seaside Brookweed, Thinleaf Brookweed, Water-pimpernell (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from springs and wet soil along streams 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Pteridaceae: The Maidenhair Fern Family
(listed genera formerly placed in the Polypodiaceae: The Fern Family)
Bommeria hispida (G.H. Mettenius ex F.A. Kuhn) L.M. Underwood: Copper Fern, Hairy Bommeria (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons and rocky canyon walls, cliffs, rocky slopes, rock outcrops, woodlands, crevices, scrubs, rock ledges, rocky hillsides, grasslands, washes, moist crevices along streams and below falls, among rocks and at the bases of boulders 2,300 to 6,800 feet elevation)
Cheilanthes lindheimeri W.J. Hooker: Canaguala, Fairy Sword, Fairyswords, Hierba de la Pena, Kalawala, Lindheimer Lip Fern (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from crevices on cliffs and rocky slopes and among boulders and crevices 2,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Cheilanthes wrightii W.J. Hooker: Wright’s Lipfern (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from crevices on cliffs and rocky slopes, ledges, talus slopes, soil pockets on bedrock outcrops and among rocks 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Cheilanthes yavapensis R.G. Reeves ex M.D. Windham: Graceful Lipfern, Yavapai Lipfern (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky canyon walls, rocky slopes, boulder outcrops, scrubs, rocky hillsides, crevices, grasslands, desertscrubs and rocky draws 2,600 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Pellaea truncata L.N. Goodding (Pellaea longimucronata W.J. Hooker): Spiny Cliffbrake (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from crevices on cliffs and rocky slopes and among boulders and rocks 2,000 to 6,000 (to 8,000?) feet elevation)
Ranunculaceae: The Buttercup Family
Anemone tuberosa P.A. Rydberg var. tuberosa: Desert Anemone, Desert Thimbleweed, Desert Windflower, Tuber Anemone, Windflower (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills and flats 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Delphinium scaposum E.L. Greene: Bare-stem Larkspur, Espuelita, Naked Delphinium, Tall Mountain Larkspur, Wild Delphinium (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, gravelly flats and along washes below 8,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Rhamnaceae: The Buckthorn Family
Ziziphus obtusifolia (W.J. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) A. Weberbauer var. canescens (A. Gray) W. Trelease): Abrojo, Bachata, Barbachatas, Clepe, Garrapata, Garumbullo, Gray-leaved Abrojo, Gray-thorn, Greythorn, Gumdrop Tree, Lotebush, Palo Blanco, Southwestern Condalia, White Crucillo (terrestrial perennial shrub or small tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds and bottomlands 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Rosaceae: The Rose Family
Lyonothamnus sp.: Lyonothamnus
Rubiaceae: The Madder Family
Galium aparine C. Linnaeus: Bedstraw, Catchweed Bedstraw, Cleavers, Goosegrass, Stickwilly (terrestrial annual herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, springs and along washes and streams 2,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Rutaceae: The Rue Family
Ptelea trifoliata C. Linnaeus (Ptelea angustifolia G. Bentham): Common Hoptree, Hop Tree, Narrowleaf Hoptree, Wafer-ash (terrestrial perennial shrub or tree (to 20 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, forests, woodlands, rocky uplands and valleys 3,500 to 8,500 feet elevation; contact may cause dermatitis)
Salicaceae: The
Salix gooddingii J. Ball: Dudley Willow, Goodding Black Willow, Goodding’s Willow, Western Black Willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from wet soils along streams and washes, cienegas and lakeshores below 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a revegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers)
Scrophulariaceae: The Figwort Family
Castilleja tenuiflora G. Bentham (Castilleja laxa A. Gray): Indian Paintbrush, Perico, Periquito, Santa Catalina Indian Paintbrush (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, rock ledges, chaparral, among rocks and in streambeds 4,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; the White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocaris leucotis) has been observed visiting the flowers; useful as an ornamental)
Maurandella antirrhiniflora (F.W. von Humboldt & A.J. Bonpland ex C.L. von Willdenow) W.H. Rothmaler (Maurandya antirrhiniflora F.W. von Humboldt & A.J. Bonpland ex C.L. von Willdenow): Blue Snapdragon Vine, Little Snapdragon Vine, Roving Sailor, Snapdragon Maurandya, Snapdragon Vine, Twining Snapdragon, Vine Blue Snapdragon, Violet Twining, Violet Twining Snapdragon (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats and along washes, streambeds and watercourses 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mimulus floribundus J. Lindley: Clammy Monkey Flower, Manyflowered Monkeyflower, Monkey-flower (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from damp soils of ephemeral seeps and springs and wet soil 3,000 to 9,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Condolle: Monkey-flower, Seep Monkeyflower, Yellow Monkey Flower (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from moist sand in canyons, wet soil in seeps and springs, pools, along brooks and streams 500 to 9,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mimulus rubellus A. Gray: Little Redstem Monkeyflower, Red Monkeyflower, Redstem Monkeyflower (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, forests, gravelly slopes, woodlands, hillsides, grasslands, sandy flats, desertscrubs, washes, along streams in sandy and damp soils, riparian areas and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils 1,200 to 7,800 feet elevation)
Penstemon parryi (A. Gray) A. Gray: Parry Beardtongue, Parry’s Penstemon, Pichelitos, Varita de San Jose, Wind’s Flower (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides and streambeds 1,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; the Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris) and Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) have been observed visiting the flowers; useful as an ornamental)
Penstemon superbus A. Nelson: Superb Beardtongue, Superb Penstemon (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, rocky canyons, hillsides, woodlands, along gravelly and sandy washes and gravelly and sandy soils 3,100 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Sairocarpus nuttallianus (G. Bentham ex A.L. de Condolle (Antirrhinum nuttallianum G. Bentham): Nuttall Snapdragon, Violet Snapdragon, Violet Toad’s-mouth (terrestrial annual or biennial herb; within range reported from mountains, canyons, ridges, scrubs, slopes, rock crevices, desertscrubs and sandy washes 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Veronica sp.: Speedwell
Solanaceae: The Potato Family
Nicotiana obtusifolia F.K. Mertens & H.G. Galeotti var. obtusifolia (Nicotiana trigonophylla M.F. Dunal): Coyote Tobacco, Desert Tobacco, Punche, Tabaquillo, Tabaquillo de Coyote, Tobaquillo (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides, along washes, streambeds and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation; flowers reportedly utilized by hummingbirds when other nectar-rich sources are not available)
Solanum elaeagnifolium A.J. Cavanilles: Bull Nettle, Desert Nightshade, Silver Horsenettle, Silverleaf Nightshade, Trompillo, White Horsenettle (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from plains, flats, roadsides, cienegas and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Ulmaceae: The Elm Family
Celtis laevigata C.L. von Wildenow var. reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson (Celtis reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson): Canyon Hackberry, False Elm, Netleaf Hackberry, Palo Blanco, Sugarberry, Western Hackberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 30 feet high); within range reported from moist soils of canyons, hillsides, flats, fencerows and along washes and streams 1,500 to 3,500 feet elevation; the fruit is eaten by wildlife; useful as an ornamental)
Celtis pallida J. Torrey: Acebuche, Bainoro, Capul, Desert Hackberry, Garabato, Garambullo, Granjeno, Huasteco, Palo de Aguila, Rompecapa, Shiny Hackberry, Spiny Hackberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (3 to 18 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, flats, along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; this plant provides excellent cover for many birds, and the fruit are eaten by many birds and small desert mammals; useful as an ornamental)
Urticaceae: The Nettle Family
Parietaria pensylvanica G.H. Muhlenberg ex C.L. von Wildenow: Hammerwort, Pennsylvania Pellitory (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mountains, mountainsides, canyons, slopes, scrubs, woodlands, hillsides, grasslands, desertscrubs, springs, along washes and streams, riparian areas and among rocks 1,500 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Verbenaceae: The Verbena Family
Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) A.A. Heller ex L. Abrams (Lippia wrightii A. Gray ex J. Torrey): Altamisa, Beebrush, Oreganillo, Vara Dulce, Wright Aloysia, Wright’s Beebrush, Wright Lippia (terrestrial perennial deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Glandularia bipinnatifida (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall var. bipinnatifida (Verbena bipinnatifida T. Nuttall, Verbena bipinnatifida T. Nuttall var. latilobata M.C. Perry): Dakota Mock Vervain, Dakota Verbena, Small-flowered Verbena, Vervain (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mountains, mesas, forests, rocky slopes, clearings in forests, gravelly slopes, woodlands, foothills, grasslands, roadsides, washes, streambeds and sandy soils 2,500 to 10,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) J.K. Small var. xylopoda M.C. Perry: Hillside Vervain, New Mexico Vervain, Verbena (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes and foothills 2,000 to 6,000 feet elevation)
Viscaceae: The Christmas Mistletoe Family
(Loranthaceae: The Mistletoe Family)
Phoradendron sp. Mistletoe
(observed growing on Canyon Hackberry)
Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall (Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall var. distans W. Trelease): American Mistletoe, Desert Mistletoe, Mesquite Mistletoe, Toji, Western Dwarf Mistletoe (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; partial parasite observed growing on Catclaw Acacia and Velvet Mesquite, commonly found on Acacia spp., Condalia spp., Larrea spp., Olneya spp., Parkinsonia spp., Prosopis spp., and Ziziphus spp. below 4,000 feet elevation; Phainopeplas feed on the berries and disperse the seeds to other host plants; Verdins nest in the stems; the fragrant flowers attract insects)
Vitaceae: The Grape Family
Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S. Hitchcock: Woodbine (terrestrial subshrub or vine; within range reported from moist soils of canyons, forests, roadsides, streambeds, riparian forests and disturbed areas 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental and in controlling erosion)
Vitis arizonica G. Engelmann: Arizona Grape, Canyon Grape, Parra Cimarrona, Parra del Monte, Vid (terrestrial perennial deciduous vine or woody climber; within range reported from canyons and along creeks, streams and watercourses 2,000 to 7,500 feet elevation)
LISTING OF ANIMALS
(based in part on a general listing of animals reported from the Santa Rita Experimental Range)
AMPHIBIANS
Ranidae: The Frog Family
Rana chiricahuensis (Platz & Mecham): Chiricahua Leopard Frog (feeds on insects and other invertebrates and small vertebrates; reported from mountains, rocky slopes, forests, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, desertscrubs, seeps, springs, creeks, streams, rivers, pools, tanks, lakes, marshes and wells)
Rana yavapaiensis (Platz and Frost): Lowland Leopard Frog, San Felipe Leopard Frog, Yavapai Leopard Frog (feeds on small invertebrates; reported from woodlands, chaparral, and grasslands in marsh habitats, springs, small to medium-sized streams and rivers, small ponds, and stock tanks being generally restricted to permanent and semi permanent waters often concentrating in deep pools in association with root masses of large riparian trees)
BIRDS
Accipitridae: The Eagle, Hawk, Kite and Allies Family
Accipiter gentilis Linnaeus: Goshawk, Northern Goshawk (feeds on birds and mammals; nest is a platform of sticks located in tall trees)
Columbidae: The Dove and Pigeon Family
Zenaida asiatica (Linnaeus): Mexican Dove, Okokoi (Tohono O’odham),
Paloma ala Blancha (Hispanic), Paloma de alas
Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus) (Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus)): Hohhi (Tohono O’odham), Huilota (Hispanic), Paloma Triste (Hispanic), Mourning Dove, Turtle Dove, Wild Dove (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose twig platforms located in cacti, shrubs trees and on the ground)
Cuculidae: The Ani, Cuckoo and Roadrunner Family
Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus) subsp. occidentalis: California Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Pajaro Vaquero Pico Amarillo (Hispanic), Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Yellow-billed Cuckoo (feeds on ants, beetles, berries, bird’s eggs, butterflies, caterpillars, cicadas, dragonflies, flies, frogs, fruit, grasshoppers, katydids, lizards, moths, spiders and wasps; nests are a frail stick or twig platform or saucer lined with leaves located in low bushes and small trees)
Geococcyx californianus (Lesson): Correcaminos Norteno (Hispanic), Greater Roadrunner, Paisano (Hispanic), Tadai (feeds on the young of ground nesting birds, insects, lizards, scorpions and snakes; nests are course shallow cups of sticks located in cacti, mesquite trees and shrubs)
Emberizidae: The Emberizid Family
Aimophila carpalis (Coues): Rufous-winged Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made up of woven course and fine grasses located low bushes and cacti, in young mesquite trees and on the ground)
Odontiphoridae: The Quail Family
Callipepla squamata (Vigors): Blue Racer Quail, Blue Quail, Codorniz Escamosa (Hispanic), Cotton Top, Cottontop Quail, Mexican Quail, Scaled Partridge, Scaled Quail, Top-knot Quail (feeds on berries, buds, insects and seeds; nest are hollows or depressions under shrubs)
Callipepla gambelii (Gambel) (Lophortyx gambelii Gambel): Arizona Quail, Cordoniz de Gambel (Hispanic), Codorniz (Gambel) Chiquiri (Hispanic), Desert Quail, Gambel’s Quail, Kikaichu (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, buds, insects and seeds; eggs are laid in a ground scrape or grass lined nests located on the ground under prickly-pear cacti)
Parulidae: The Wood Warbler Family
Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus): Black-and-white Warbler, Verdin Negro y Blanco (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are cups made of grass and rootlets and lined with hair located on the ground at the base of rocks, trees and stumps)
Scolopacidae: The Curlew, Sandpiper and Allies Family
Calidris melanotos Vieillot: Pectoral
Sandpiper (feeds on insects; nests
are scrapes and grassy hollows located on the tundra; seen in
Strigidae: The Typical Owl Family
Strix occidentalis Xantus de Vesey subsp. lucida Nelson: Buho Manchado (Spanish), Mexican Spotted Owl, Spotted Owl, Tecolote Manchado Mexicano (Hispanic), Tecolote Moteado (Spanish) (feeds on small birds, insects, small mammals and reptiles; nests are located in canyon-wall caves and cavities, cliff caverns and ledges, rock hollows, tree cavities and abandoned hawk nests)
Sylviidae: The
Gnatcatcher and
Polioptila nigriceps: Black-capped Gnatcatcher, Black-headed Gnatcatcher (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are small cups made of woven spiders’ web, hair, bits of leaves and twigs located in the crotch of branches in a low shrub or small tree)
Trochilidae: The Hummingbird Family
Calypte costae (Bourcier): Chuparosa Costa (Hispanic), Costa’s Hummingbird (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are leaf-thatched and lichen woven cups located in shrubs and trees)
Trogonidae: The Trogon Family
Trogon elegans Gould: Coppery-tailed Trogon, Elegant Trogon (feeds on berries, small fruits and insects and other invertebrates; eggs are laid in cavities in live or dead trees)
Turdidiae: The Bluebird, Solitaire and Thrush Family
Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall): Alma’s Thrush, Cuitlacoche Swainson (Hispanic), Olive-backed Thrush, Russet-backed Thrush, Swainson’s Thrush, Swamp Robin (feeds on berries, wild fruits, grubs, Western Spruce Budworm and Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and other insects, seeds, spiders and worms; nest are cups made of ferns, grasses, leaves, moss, rootlets, sedges and twigs and lined with lichens and dead leaves located in coniferous or deciduous shrubs and trees)
INSECTS
Order Homoptera: Aphids, Cicadas, Hoppers, Psyllids, Scale Insects, Whiteflies and Others
Dactylopiidae: The Cochineal Insect Family
Dactylophius coccus Costa: Cochineal Scale (observed on Desert Pricklypear Cactus)
MAMMALS
Canidae: The Dog and Allies Family
Canis latrans Say: Coyote (feeds on amphibians, berries, birds, carrion, fruits, gophers, insects, mice, rabbits, reptiles and squirrels)
Cervidae: The Deer and Allies Family
Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque): Black-tailed Deer, Burro, Desert Mule Deer, Mule Deer, Venado Pardo (Hispanic) (feeds on beans, branches, fruit, leaves or needles, nuts, seeds and/or twigs of aspen, barberry, bitterbrush, blackberry, buckbrush, buckwheat, calliandra, ceanothus, catclaw, cedar, cliffrose, dogwood, Douglas fir, huckleberry, joint fir, jojoba, juniper, mountain mahogany, mountainlover, oak, pinyon, ponderosa pine, poplar, sagebrush, saltbush, serviceberry, thimbleberry, white fir, wild cherry, willow and yew, and grasses lupines, mistletoe, moss, mushrooms, salal, sedges and spurge; reported from desert foothills with scrub growth, thick growth along washes, forest edges and mountains )
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann) subsp. couesi: Arizona Whitetail, Coues’ Deer, Coues’ White-tailed Deer, Fantail, Sonora White-tailed Deer, Sonoran Fantail, Venado Cola Blanca (Hispanic), Virginia Deer, Whitetail, White-tailed Deer (feeds on fungi, grass and acorns, branches, buds, cones, fruits, leaves, mast, needles and /or twigs of alder, barberry, buckbrush, calliandra, catclaw acacia, Emory and scrub oaks and other evergreen oaks, hackberry, hemlock, holly-leaf buckthorn, juniper, mesquite, mountainlover, Oregon-grape, pinyon, ratany, sagebrush, skunkbush, spiderwort, spruce, willow, yellow-leaf silktassel; reported from mountains, canyons, forests, woodlands, meadows, scrub and desertscrub)
Didelphidae: The
Didelphis virginiana (Kerr) subsp. californica: Mexican Opossum, Opossum (feeds on berries, carrion, birds, earthworms, eggs, frogs, fruit, insects, rodents and snakes; reported from forests, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, desertscrubs and wetlands, proximity to riparian habitat may be required)
Felidae: The Cat Family
Felis concolor Linnaeus (Puma concolor): California Lion, Catamount Cat (a mountain Red Tiger), Cougar, El Leon (Hispanic), Leon de Montana (Hispanic), Mountain Lion, Painter American Lion, Panther; Puma (feeds on beaver, desert bighorn sheep, birds, black bears, cottontail rabbits, jackrabbits, javelina, mule deer, porcupine, pronghorn antelope, skunks, small mammals and white-tailed deer; reported from forests, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, desertscrubs and wetlands)
Panthera onca (Goldman) (Felis
onca (Linnaeus): Black Panther, Jaguar,
Jagurete (Spanish), Yaguar (feeds on
deer, javelina and other vertebrates; reported from forests, woodlands, scrubs,
grasslands, desertscrubs and wetlands. EXTIRPATED from
Geomyidae: The Pocket Gopher Family
Thomomys bottae (Eydoux and Gervais): Botta’s Pocket Gopher, Southwestern Pocket Gopher, Tuza de Botta (Hispanic), Valley Pocket Gopher (feeds on bulbs, grasses, herbaceous plants, roots and tubers)
Heteromyidae: The Kangaroo Rat and Pocket Mouse Family
Chaetodipus baileyi Merriam (Perognathus baileyi Merriam) subsp. baileyi: Bailey’s Pocket Mouse, Raton de Bailey (Hispanic) (feeds on vegetation, and fruits and seeds of cactus, grass and other herbs; the nest is made in underground burrows)
Chaetodipus penicillatus Woodhouse (Perognathus penicillatus Woodhouse): Desert Pocket Mouse, Raton de Desierto (Hispanic), Sonoran Desert Pocket Mouse (feeds on seeds of creosote bush, grass, greythorn, herbs and mesquite; the nest is made in underground burrows)
Dipodomys spectabilis (Merriam); Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat, Kangaroo Rat, Rata de Nopalera (Hispanic) (feeds on grasses, green and succulent plants, insects rodents and seeds; nests are made up of chaff, stems and leaves of grass located in underground burrows in firm soils)
Perognathus amplus
Perognathus flavus (Baird): Silky Pocket Mouse (feeds on seeds; nests are located in underground burrows)
Leporidae: The Hare and Rabbit Family
Lepus alleni (Mearns): Antelope Jack Rabbit (feeds
on cacti, Catclaw Acacia, grasses, herbs and the bark, buds and leaves of
mesquite)
Lepus californicus Gray: Black-tailed Jack Rabbit, “Jackass Rabbit” (feeds on grass, mesquite leaves and prickly-pear cacti)
Sylvilagus audubonii (Baird): Desert Cottontail (feeds on green plants, cacti, bark and twigs)
Muridae: The Mouse and Rat Family
Neotoma albigula Hartley: Packrat, White-throated Packrat, Trade Rat, White-throated Wood Rat (feeds on cacti, forbs, fruits, juniper, leaves, mesquite beans, seeds and yucca; nests are built under mesquite, cholla and prickly-pear cacti, or in rocky crevices using sticks, pieces of cholla and prickly-pear cacti, and rubbish, sometimes with underground burrows)
Neotoma mexicana Baird: Mexican Wood Rat (feeds on acorns, berries including juniper berries, cacti, fungi, leaves and needles of green plants and nuts including pinyon nuts; nests are built in brush piles, buildings, cliffs, rock crevices, hollow trees and rock outcrops)
Onychomys torridus (Coves): Raton Chapulinero del Sur (Hispanic), Scorpion Mouse, Southern Grasshopper Mouse (feeds on arthropods, beetles, grasshoppers, insects, lizards, other species of mice, scorpions, seeds and small vertebrates; nests are located in underground burrows)
Phyllostomidae: The Leaf-nosed Bat Family
Choeronycteris mexicana (Tschudi): Hognose Bat, Long-tongued Bat, Mexican Hog-nosed Bat, Mexican Long-tailed Bat, Mexican Long-tongued Bat, Murcielago Lengua Larga Mexicano (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects, nectar and pollen; reported from under bridges, and in shallow caves, rock fissures and mine tunnels)
Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae
(
Procyonidae: The Raccoon and Allies Family
Nasua narica (Merriam): Chula, Chulo, Coati (Indian), Coatimundi, El Gato Solo (Los Gatos en Familia), Pizote, White-nosed Coati (feeds on berries of juniper and manzanita, birds, eggs, fruit, insects and other invertebrates, prickly pear fruit, small mammals, tubers and worms)
Sciuridae: The Squirrel and Allies Family
Ammospermophilus harrisii (Audubon and Bachman) (Citellus harrisii (Audubon and Bachman)): Harris’ Antelope Squirrel (feeds on fruits, insects, plants and seeds)
Spermophilus tereticaudus (Citellus tereticaudus (Baird)): Round-tailed Ground Squirrel (feeds on buds of burroweed and mesquite, cacti, green vegetation, insects, seeds of creosote bush, mesquite, flowers of ocotillo, paloverde, plantain, and saltbush, observed visiting road kill and taking young quail)
Soricidae: The Shrew Fmaily
Sorex arizonae (Diersing & Hoffmeister): Arizona Shrew, Musarana de Arizona (Hispanic) (shrews in general feed on insects and other invertebrates, mice, snails and worms; reported mountains, canyons, forests, woodlands, grasslands, springs, marshes and riparian areas)
Tayassuidae: The Javelina Family
Peccari tajacu Linnaeus (Tayassu tajacu): Collared Peccary, Jabalina (Hispanic), Javelina, Peccary (feeds on agaves, amphibians, berries, bulbs, fungi, grass, insects, mesquite beans, nuts, succulent plants, prickly-pear and other cacti, reptiles, rodents, roots, sotol, tubers and worms; they bed down during the day in thick brush and prickly-pear thickets)
Vespertilionidae: The Plain-nosed Bat Family
Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois): Hoary Bat, Murcielago (Hispanic) (feeds primarily on moths; roosts in dense
foliage in shrubs and trees)
Myotis velifer (J.A. Allen): Cave Myotis, Cave Myotis Bat, Murcielago de Cueva, Southwestern Cave Myotis (feeds on ants, beetles, moths and other insects; found in crevices, holes and pockets in caves and bridges, buildings, abandoned mine shafts and tunnels)
REPTILES
Colubridae: The Colubrid Family
Senticolis triaspis subsp. intermedia Boetteger: Northern Green Ratsnake (feeds on birds and rodents; reported from mountains, rocky canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, forests, along streams and areas with intermittent water, riparian areas; shelters in rocks and burrows)
Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger: Chihuahuan Black-headed Snake, Chihuahuan Blackhead Snake (blackhead snakes generally feed on centipedes, insects, millipedes and spiders; reported from rocky canyons, rocky slopes, woodlands, grasslands; shelters in burrows, logs, dead plants and under rocks)
Scincidae: The Skink Family
Eumeces callicephalus Bocourt: Mountain Skink (feeds on insects, spiders and other invertebrates; reported from mountains, canyons, forests, rocky areas, woodlands and riparian areas)
Teiidae: The Whiptail and Allies Family
Aspidoscelis burti Burger subsp. stictogrammus (Cnemidophorus
burti
Aspidoscelis sonorae Lowe and Wright (Cnemidophorus “sonorae”): Sonoran Spotted Whiptail (feeds on centipedes, insects, other lizards, scorpions, spiders and termites; reported from woodlands and grasslands, on rocky slopes, desertscrubs and in riparian forests)
Testudinidae: The Land Tortoise Family
Gopherus agassizi Cooper (Sonoran Population): Sonoran Desert Tortoise (feeds on cacti, grass and herbs; reported from canyon bottoms, rocky hillsides, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, desertscrubs, sandy and gravelly flats, dunes, oases, washes and riverbanks)
Viperidae:The Pit Viper Family
If bitten by a rattlesnake remain calm, remove all jewelry (including watches), immobilize extremity,
keep at level below
the heart, decrease total body activity, and transport to medical facility. Do
not apply ice to bitten area, do not use an incision of any kind, do not use a
tourniquet, do not administer drugs or alcohol, and do not use electric shock
treatment (Tuscon Herpetological Society. 1995. Living with Rattlesnakes.
Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard: Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (feeds on bird’s eggs and young birds, frogs, gophers, lizards, mice, prairie dogs, rabbits, rats, squirrels and toads; reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, forests, woodlands, rocky hillsides, scrubs, sandy flats, plains, desertscrubs, lowland areas, riparian areas, river bottoms and coastal plains; venomous snake)
Crotalus lepidus (Kennicott) subsp. klauberi H.K. Gloyd: Banded Rock Rattlesnake, Rock Rattlesnake (feeds on lizards, rodents and small snakes; reported from mountains, forests, woodlands, scrubs, hills, grasslands, desertscrubs, rocky areas and along washes and streams; venomous snake)
Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard: Blacktail Rattlesnake, Black-tailed Rattlesnake (feeds on small mammals; reported from mountains, cliffs, rockslides, rocky slopes, rock outcrops, forests, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands and desertscrubs; venomous snake)
Crotalus scutulatus Kennicott: Mojave Rattlesnake (feeds on reptiles, kangaroo rats and other rodents; reported from lower mountains slopes, woodlands, scrubs, grasslands, desertscrubs and mesquite bosques; a venomous and extremely dangerous snake)
Crotalus tigris Kennicott: Tiger Rattlesnake (feeds on mice, rats, woodrats and other small mammals; reported from desert mountain ranges, canyons and rocky slopes; venomous snake)
Listing Footnotes
(1) National Geographic
(2) Walker, Henry P. and Don
Bufkin. 1979. Historical Atlas of
(3)
(4) Brown, David E., Biotic Communities of the American Southwest – United States and Mexico, Desert Plants, Volume 4, Numbers 1-4, Published by the University of Arizona for the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, 1982, and associated map: Brown, David E. and Charles H. Lowe, Biotic Communities of the Southwest, August 1980, General Technical Report RM-78, United Stated Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Revised June 1983
(5) Nomenclature generally
follows that presented by The Biota of North America Program of the North
Carolina Botanical Garden (BONAP) with A Synonymized
Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm
(6) Growth habits generally
coincide with that given by the National Plants Database. Common names
identified in the database have been printed in bold lettering: USDA, NRCS.
2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov).
Literature, References and Web Sites Cited, Consulted and Visited for
Listings
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