September
29, 2005 Update
TOWNSHIP
17 SOUTH, RANGE 18 EAST, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA
Gila
and Salt River Baseline and Meridian
Major Contributor and Source of
Information: William T. Kendall.
Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area.
Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANTS. Landscaped plants are not included in the lists unless they have become naturalized in the surrounding native environment.
Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.
Appreciation is expressed to the
officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game
and Fish Department,
Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.
DISCLAIMER: The information presented as township notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.
CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at the site where they are to be planted.
Township Notes
Location: This township is
located in east-central
Landmarks: Named canyons and
mountains include
This photograph was taken looking
southeast toward the
Elevation: Elevations range from
approximately 3,620 feet on the west township line in the Mescal Arroyo and
Cienega Creek near the northwest corner to approximately 5,040 feet at
Soil: Soils are described as thermic (hot) arid and semiarid soils of the White House-Bernardino-Caralampi Association (deep, semiarid soils on uplands), Caralampi-Hathaway Association (deep, semiarid gravelly soils on deeply dissected uplands) and the Rock Outcrop-Lampshire-Cellar Association (rock outcrop and very shallow and shallow semiarid soils of the mountains and foothills) (3).
Biotic Community: Portions of this township are located within the Chihuahuan Desertscrub Regional Formation of the Desertscrub Formation and Semidesert Grassland of the Grassland Formation with associated Wetlands (4).
Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic
Map of Township with Adjacent Sections
Plant Propagation Note
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native
plant for which there is a buyer. Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant
Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.
PLANTS
Acanthaceae: The Acanthus Family
Anisacanthus thurberi (J. Torrey) A. Gray (5): Anisacanthus, Chuparosa, Colegayo, Desert Honeysuckle, Thurber Anisacanthus, Thurber’s Desert-honeysuckle (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 8 feet high) (6); within range reported from canyon bottoms and along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; this plant is browsed by wildlife; the flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds)
Agavaceae: The Century-plant Family
Agave palmeri G. Engelmann: Agave, Century Plant, Lechugilla, Mescal, Palmer Agave, Palmer’s Century Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent herb, subshrub or shrub (under 4 feet high with a flowering stem reaching to 24 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas and outcrops 3,500 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson: Cactus Spoon, Common Sotol, Desert Spoon, Sotol, Spoon Flower, Spoon Plant, Wheeler Dasylirion, Wheeler Sotol (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (under 8 feet high with a flowering spike reaching to 15 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas and rocky and gravelly hillsides 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by bighorn sheep)
Yucca baccata J. Torrey var. brevifolia (H.W. Schott ex J. Torrey) L. Benson & R.A. Darrow (Yucca arizonica S.A. McKelvey, Yucca thornberi S.A. McKelvey): Arizona Yucca, Banana Yucca, Datil, Palma Criolla, Spanish Dagger, Thornber Yucca (terrestrial perennial evergreen herb, subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet high with a flowering stalk reaching to 5 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, canyons, slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Yucca elata (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann var. elata: Amole, Datil, Palmilla, Palmlilja Jukka, Pamilla, Pamella, Soaptree, Soaptree Yucca, Soap Weed, Spanish Bayonet (terrestrial perennial narrow-leaved evergreen, palm-like shrub or tree (25 feet high or more with a flowering stalk reaching to 6 feet or more in height); within range reported from mesas, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family
Tidestromia lanuginosa (T. Nuttall) P.C. Standley: Espanta Vaqueras, Herba Lanuda, Hierba Ceniza, Honeysweet, Woolly Honeysweet, Woolly Tidestromia (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas below 5,500 feet elevation)
Aristolochiaceae: The Birthwort Family
Aristolochia watsoni E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley: Dutchman’s Pipevine, Hierba del Indio, Indian-root, Pipevine Flower, Raiz del Indio, Watson’s Dutchman’s Pipe, Watson Indian Root (terrestrial perennial herbaceous vine; within range reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 2,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Asteraceae: The Aster Family
(Compositae: The Sunflower Family)
Acourtia nana (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia nana A. Gray): Desert Holly, Dwarf Desertpeony (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, slopes and gravelly flats below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Condolle (Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Condolle) P.A. Rydberg): Altamisa de Playa, Bursage Ragweed, Estafiate, Field Ragweed, Slimleaf Bursage, Weakleaf Burr Ragweed, Weak-leaved Burweed (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, slopes, roadsides, washes, floodplains and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation)
Artemisia ludoviciana T. Nuttall: Louisiana Cudweed Sagewort, Gray Sagewort, Louisiana Sagewort, Louisiana Wormwood, Mugwort Wormwood, Prairie Sage, Sagewort, White Sage, White Sagebrush (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (2 to 4 feet high); within range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, valleys, gulches, along washes and streambeds and fence rows 2,500 to 8,500 feet elevation; often on limestone)
Baileya multiradiata W.H. Harvey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Baileya del Desierto, Desert Baileya, Desert Marigold, Hierba Amarilla, Many-flowered Desert-marigold, Paper Daisy, Wild Marigold (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, bajadas, sandy and gravelly flats, roadsides and washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Conoclinium greggii (A. Gray) J.K. Small (Eupatorium greggii A. Gray): Palmleaf Thoroughwort (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, plains, grasslands, flats, valleys, draws, washes, mesquite bosques and rocky and gravelly soils 3,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; nectar plant for many species of butterflies)
Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus (Aplopappus) laricifolius A. Gray): Larch-leaf Goldenweed, Turpentine Bush, Turpentine Brush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes and flats 3,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Gutierrezia sarothrae (F.T. Pursh) N.L. Britton & H.H. Rusby: Broombrush, Broom Snakeweed, Broomweed, Cayaye, Hierba de la Vibora, Hierba de San Nicolas, Matchbrush, Matchweed, Perennial Broomweed, Perrenial Snakeweed, Resin-weed, Round-head Broomweed, Sheepweed, Stinkweed, Snakeweed, Turpentine Weed, Yellowtop, Yellow-weed, Yerba de San Nicholas (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and along washes 3,000 to 8,000 feet elevation)
Helianthus sp. Sunflower
Heterotheca psammophila R. Wagenknecht (Heterotheca subaxillaris (J.B. de Lamarck) N.L. Britton & H.H. Rusby sensu T.H. Kearney & R.H. Peebles): Camphorweed, Golden Aster, Gordolobo, Telegraph Plant (terrestrial long lived annual herb; within range reported from roadsides, ditches, floodplains and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Hymenothrix wislizeni A. Gray: Golden Ragweed, TransPecos Thimblehead, Wislizenus Beeflower (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas,
slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes
and disturbed areas 2,500 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Isocoma tenuisecta E.L. Greene (Aplopappus
tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake,
Haplopappus tenuisectus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Burroweed, Hierba del Burrow (terrestrial
perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from
mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, draws and
disturbed areas 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Machaeranthera canescens (F.T. Pursh) A. Gray subsp. canescens var. incana (J. Lindley) A. Gray (Aster tephrodes (A. Gray) J. Blake, Machaeranthera incana (J. Lindley) E.L. Greene): Cutleaf Goldenweed, Hoary Aster, Hoary Tansyaster, Purple Aster (terrestrial long lived annual, biennial or perennial herb; within range reported from washes, floodplains and alluvial soils 150 to 8,700 feet elevation)
Parthenium incanum K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Crowded Rayweed, Mariola (terrestrial perennial subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, plains and gravelly flats 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) E.L. Greene: Cooper Paperflower, Paper Daisy, Paper Flower, Whitestem Paperflower, Yellow Paper Daisy (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and floodplains 2,000 to 5,000 feet; useful as an ornamental elevation)
Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) J.K. Small var. pentachaeta (Dyssodia pentachaeta (A.P. de Condolle) B.J Robinson): Common Dogweed, Dogweed, Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf, Golden Dogweed, Golden Dyssodia, Parralena, Parvialena, Scale Glandbush, Thurber Dyssodia (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and disturbed areas 2,500 to 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; larval food plant of the Dainty Sulfur)
Zinnia acerosa (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray (Zinnia pumila A. Gray): Desert Zinnia, Spinyleaf Zinnia, White Zinnia, Wild Zinnia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and floodplains 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Boraginaceae: The Borage Family
Tiquilia canescens (A.P. de Condolle) A. Richardson var. canescens (Coldenia canescens A.P. de Condolle): Crinkle Mats, Gray Coldenia, Hierba de la Virgin, Oreja de Perro, Shrubby Coldenia, Woody Crinklemat (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats and dirt roads below 3,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Cactaceae: The Cactus Family
Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) N.P. Taylor (Echinocereus fasciculatus (G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson) L. Benson, Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rümpler var. robustus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson, Mammillaria fasciculata G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson): Bundle Hedgehog Cactus, Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus, Robust Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes 2,000 to 3,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. rectispinus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson (Echinocereus fendleri (G. Engelmann) K.T. Rümpler var. rectispinus (R.H. Peebles) L. Benson): Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus, Straight-spined Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, hills, flats and along arroyos 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Escobaria vivipara (T. Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. bisbeeana (C.R. Orcutt) D.R. Hunt (Coryphantha vivipara (T. Nuttall) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. bisbeeana (C.R. Orcutt) L. Benson): Beehive Cactus, Bisbee Beehive Cactus, Bisbee Spinystar, Cushion Cactus, Spinystar, Spiny Star Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 1 foot high); within range reported from mountains, hills, slopes, plains and flats 3,000 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 11 feet high); within range reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and along washes and arroyos below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Mammillaria heyderi F. Müehlenpfordt var. macdougalii (J.N. Rose) L. Benson (Mammillaria gummifera G. Engelmann var. macdougalii (J.N. Rose) L. Benson; Mammillaria macdougalii J.N. Rose): MacDougal’s Nipple Cactus, MacDougal Pincushion Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from mountains, hillsides, slopes, flats and valleys 3,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet high); within range reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, and along washes, gullies and arroyos 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle: Agujilla, Christmas Cactus, Christmas Cholla, Darning Needle Cactus, Desert Christmas Cactus, Desert Christmas Cholla, Holycross Cholla, Pipestem Cactus, Rattail Cactus, Tajasilla, Tasajillo, Tesajo (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and bottomlands and floodplains 200 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia macrocentra G. Engelmann var. macrocentra (Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. macrocentra (G. Engelmann) L. Benson; Opuntia violacea G. Engelmann ex B.D. Jackson var. violacea): Black-spined Pricklypear, Duranzilla, Long-spined Pricklypear, Purple Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 2 feet high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, slopes, flats, valleys and along washes 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. major G. Engelmann: Abrojo, Joconostle, Major Pricklypear, Mojave Pricklypear, Nopal, Sprawling Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote, Yellow Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, flats and valleys in sandy, gravelly or rocky soils 1,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for many desert animals)
Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey: Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mountainsides, canyons, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and floodplains 1,000 to 5,000+ feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Sclerocactus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.P. Taylor (Echinomastus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. acunensis (W.T. Marshall) L. Benson, Neolloydia erectocentra (T. Coulter) L. Benson var. acunensis (W.T. Marshall) L. Benson): Acuna Cactus, Bisnagitas, Redspine Fishhook Cactus, Red-spined Pineapple Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 6 inches high); within range reported from ridges and bajadas 1,200 to 2,300 feet elevation), Echinomastus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. erectocentrus, Neolloydia erectocentra (T. Coulter) L. Benson var. erectocentra: Bisnagitas, Needle-spined Pineapple Cactus, Redspine Fishhook Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub or shrub (under 1 foot high); within range reported from hills, bajadas, slopes and flats 1,000 to 4,500 feet elevation)
Convolvulaceae: The Morning-glory Family
Ipomoea coccinea C. Linnaeus: Red Morning-glory, Redstar, Scarlet Creeper, Scarlet Morning-glory, Star Glory (terrestrial summer annual herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides and along washes and streams 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; there is some question as to whether this plant is native or exotic)
Ipomoea hederacea (C. Linnaeus) N.J. von Jacquin (Ipomoea hirsutula auct. non N.J. von Jacquin f.): Blue Morning-glory, Ivyleaf Morning-glory, Morning Glory, Trompillo Morado (terrestrial annual herb or vine; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, along washes and floodplains 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant)
Cucurbitaceae: The Cucumber Family
Cucurbita digitata A. Gray: Calabachilla, Chichi Coyota, Coyote Gourd, Coyote Melon, Fingerleaf Gourd (terrestrial perennial herb or vine; within range reported from plains, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides, washes and floodplains below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ephedraceae: The Mormon-tea Family
Ephedra trifurca J. Torrey ex S. Watson: Canatilla, Canitilla, Desert Ephedra, Desert Joint-fir, Itama Real, Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Joint-fir, Mexican Tea, Mormon Tea, Popotilla, Popotillo, Tepopote, Teposote (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 15 feet high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, flats, sand hills, dunes, and along sandy washes below 4,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family
Acacia constricta G. Bentham: Chaparro Prieto, Common Whitethorn, Garabato, Gigantillo, Huisache, Largoncillo, Mescat Acacia, Vara Prieta, Vinorama, Whitethorn Acacia, White Thorn (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, floodplains and along washes and arroyos 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, the flowers are fragrant)
Acacia greggii A. Gray var. greggii (Acacia greggii A. Gray, Acacia greggii A. Gray var. arizonica P.T. Isley): Algarroba, Catclaw, Catclaw Acacia, Devil’s Claw, Gatuno, Gregg Catclaw, Tear Blanket, Tepame, Tesota, Una de Gato (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 23 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, floodplains and along sandy washes and streams below 4,500 feet elevation: useful as an ornamental)
Acacia neovernicosa P.T. Isely (Acacia constricta var. vernicosa (G. Bentham) L.D. Benson, Acacia vernicosa P.C. Standley): Stickleaf Acacia, Stickyleaf Whitethorn, Viscid Acacia (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (to 7 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, plains and flats, often on limestone 3,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham var. eriophylla: Cabelleto de Angel, Cabeza Angel, Fairyduster, False Mesquite, False Mesquite Calliandra, Guajillo, Hairy-leaved Calliandra, Huajillo, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; browsed by wildlife.)
Mimosa aculeaticarpa C.G. de Ortega var. biuncifera (G. Bentham) R.C. Barneby (Mimosa biuncifera G. Bentham): Cat Claw, Catclaw Mimosa, Garruno, Gatuno, Una de Gato, Wait-a-bit,
Wait-a-minute, Wait-a-Minute Bush (terrestrial
perennial shrub or small tree (to 8 feet high); within range reported from
mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, gravelly flats and along washes 3,000
to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides cover for wildlife
and forage for Whitetail Deer; reportedly useful in controlling erosion)
Prosopis velutina E.O. Wooton (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Condolle var. velutina (E.O. Wooton) C.S. Sargent): Algarroba, Chachaca, Mesquite, Mezquite, Velvet Mesquite (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 50 feet high); within range reported from mesas, canyons, bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and floodplains below 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife)
Fouquieriaceae: The Ocotillo Family
Fouquieria splendens G. Engelmann: Albarda, Barda, Candle Bush, Candle Wood, Coach Whip, Flamingsword, Jacob’s Staff, Monkey-tail, Ocotillo, Ocotillo del Corral, Slimwood, Vine Cactus (terrestrial perennial shrub (7 to 33 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 6,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental; a preferred food plant of Costa’s Hummingbird)
Krameriaceae: The Ratany Family
Krameria erecta C.L. von Wildenow (Krameria parviflora G. Bentham): Chacate, Coashui, Littleleaf Ratany, Pima Ratany, Purple Heather, Range Ratany, Small-flower Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly flats below 5,000 feet)
Malvaceae: The Mallow Family
Hibiscus denudatus G. Bentham: Naked Hibiscus, Paleface, Pale Face Mallow, Paleface Rosemallow, Rock Hibiscus (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes, hills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and washes below 4,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Sida abutifolia P. Miller (Sida filicaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray, Sida procumbens E.J. Schwartz): Spreading Fanpetals, Spreading Sida (terrestrial annual or perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly and sandy flats 2,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Sphaeralcea sp.: Globemallow
Nyctaginaceae: The Four-o’clock Family
Allionia incarnata C. Linnaeus: Guapile, Herba de la Hormiga, Pink Three-flower, Trailing Allionia, Trailing Four O’Clock, Trailing Windmills, Umbrella Wort, Windmills (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed sites below 6,000 feet elevation)
Oleaceae: The Olive Family
Menodora scabra A. Gray (Menodora scoparia G. Engelmann ex A. Gray): Rough Desert Olive, Rough Menodora, Yellow Menodora, Twinberry, Twinfruit (terrestrial perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (under 2 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats 1,500 to 7,500 feet; useful as an ornamental)
Pedaliaceae: The Sesame Family
(Martyniaceae: The Unicorn-plant Family)
Proboscidea parviflora (E.O. Wooton) P.C. Standley subsp. parviflora: Cuernitos, Doubleclaw, Elephant Tusks, New Mexico Devil’s-claw, Small-flowered Devil’s-claw, Elephant Tusks, Small-flowered Unicorn Plant (terrestrial annual herb; within range reported from mesas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation)
Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family
Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall: Perennial Three-awn, Purple Needle-grass, Purple Threeawn, Tres Barbas Purpurea (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas below 5,000 feet elevation)
Bothriochloa barbinodis (M. Lagasca y Segura) W.G. Herter (Andropogon barbinodis M. Lagasca y Segura): Algodonero, Bristlejoint Bluestem, Cane Beard Grass, Cane Bluestem, Perforated Bluestem, Pinhole Beardgrass, Pinhole Bluestem, Popotillo, Zacate Popotillo (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bouteloua curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey: Navajita Banderilla, Sideoats Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes and hills below 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bouteloua eriopoda (J. Torrey) J. Torrey: Black Grama, Woollyfoot Grama (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, plateaus, canyons, rocky slopes and hills 3,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Bouteloua repens (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill (Bouteloua filiformis (E.P. Fournier) D. Griffiths): Navajta Rastrera, Large Mesquite Grama, Slender Grama, Zacate Sabanilla (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, foothills, flats, roadsides and along washes below 5,000 feet elevation)
Chloris virgata O. Swartz: Cola de Zorra, Feather Fingergrass, Showy Chloris, Zacate Lagunero (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, damp soil of streambeds, ditches, swales, waste places and disturbed land below 5,500 feet elevation)
Dasyochloa pulchella (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.L. von Wildenow x P.A. Rydberg (Erioneuron pulchellum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Tateoka, Tridens pulchellus (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock): Desert Fluffgrass, Fluffgrass, Low Woollygrass, Zacate Borreguero (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, rocky hills, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats below 5,500 feet elevation)
Digitaria californica (G. Bentham) J.S. Henrickson (Trichachne californica (G. Bentham) M.A. Chase): Arizona Cottontop, California Cottontop, Cotton-top, Zacate Punta Blanca (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes and gravelly flats 1,000 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Eragrostis lehmanniana C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Lehmann Lovegrass, Zacate Africano, Zacate de Amor (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and disturbed areas. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Muhlenbergia porteri F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal: Bush-grass, Bush Muhly, Mesquitegrass, Zacate Aparejo (terrestrial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes 2,000 to 5,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Muhlenbergia rigens (G. Bentham) A.S. Hitchcock: Deer Grass, Deergrass (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from plateaus, canyons, rocky slopes, meadows, flats and along washes and streambeds 2,500 to 7,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Setaria vulpiseta (J.B. de Lamarck) J.J. Roemer & J.A. Shultes (Setaria macrostachya K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth): Assaak, Plains Bristlegrass, Xikkaa Kiix, Zacate Tempranero, Zacate Temprano (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds 2,000 to 7,000 feet elevation)
Sorghum halepense (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon: Johnsongrass, Zacate Johnson (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from roadsides, ditch banks, cienegas, moist soil, low-lying areas, waste places and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation. EXOTIC Invasive Plant; poses a significant threat to native habitat)
Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex F.L. Scribner (Sporobolus airoides (J. Torrey) J. Torrey var. wrightii (W. Munro ex F.L. Scribner) F.W. Gould): Alkali Sacaton, Big Sacaton, Sacaton, Sacaton Grass, Wright Sacaton, Zacaton (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from plateaus, rocky slopes, flats, along washes, river banks, floodplains and bottomlands 2,000 to 7,500 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ranunculaceae: The Buttercup Family
Clematis drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray: Barbas de Chivato, Drummond’s Clematis, Old Man’s Beard, Texas-virgin Bower, Texas Virgin’s Bower, Virgin’s Bower (terrestrial perennial vine, subshrub or woody climber; within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, open ground and along washes and streams below 4,000 feet elevation)
Rhamnaceae: The Buckthorn Family
Condalia warnockii M.C. Johnston var. kearneyana M.C. Johnston: Crucillo, Guichutilla, Kearney Condalia, Kearney’s Snakewood, Mexican Crucillo, Squawbush (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes 2,500 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Ziziphus obtusifolia (W.J. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) A. Weberbauer var. canescens (A. Gray) W. Trelease): Abrojo, Bachata, Barbachatas, Clepe, Garrapata, Garumbullo, Gray-leaved Abrojo, Gray-thorn, Greythorn, Gumdrop Tree, Lotebush, Palo Blanco, Southwestern Condalia, White Crucillo (terrestrial perennial shrub or small tree (to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds and bottomlands 1,000 to 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Solanaceae: The Potato Family
Chamaesaracha sordida (M.F. Dunal) A. Gray (Chamaesaracha coniodes M.E. Moricand ex M.F. Dunal) N.L. Britton): Dingy Chamaesaracha, Hairy Five Eyes, Velvet Five-eyes (terrestrial perennial herb; within range reported from arid mountain slopes, dry mesas, gravelly slopes, bajadas, dry plains, desert grasslands, desertscrubs, roadsides, terraces above creeks and marshes 3,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Datura wrightii E.A. Regel (Datura metaloides auct. non M.F. Dunal): Giant Jimson, Indian Apple, Jimson Weed, Moon Lily, Sacred Datura, Sacred Thorn-apple, Thornapple, Tolache, Tolguacha, Western Jimson (terrestrial annual or perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from mesas, plains, roadsides, arroyos, along ditches and disturbed areas 1,000 to 6,500 feet elevation. Poisonous)
Nicotiana obtusifolia F.K. Mertens & H.G. Galeotti var. obtusifolia (Nicotiana trigonophylla M.F. Dunal): Coyote Tobacco, Desert Tobacco, Punche, Tabaquillo, Tabaquillo de Coyote, Tobaquillo (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet high); within range reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides, along washes, streambeds and disturbed areas below 6,000 feet elevation; flowers reportedly utilized by hummingbirds when other nectar-rich sources are not available)
Solanum elaeagnifolium A.J. Cavanilles: Bull Nettle, Desert Nightshade, Silver Horsenettle, Silverleaf Nightshade, Trompillo, White Horsenettle (terrestrial perennial herb or subshrub; within range reported from plains, flats, roadsides, cienegas and disturbed areas 1,000 to 5,500 feet elevation)
Ulmaceae: The Elm Family
Celtis laevigata C.L. von Wildenow var. reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson (Celtis reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson): Canyon Hackberry, False Elm, Netleaf Hackberry, Palo Blanco, Sugarberry, Western Hackberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 30 feet high); within range reported from moist soils of canyons, hillsides, flats, fencerows and along washes and streams 1,500 to 3,500 feet elevation; the fruit is eaten by wildlife; useful as an ornamental)
Verbenaceae: The Verbena Family
Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) A.A. Heller ex L. Abrams (Lippia wrightii A. Gray ex J. Torrey): Altamisa, Beebrush, Oreganillo, Vara Dulce, Wright Aloysia, Wright’s Beebrush, Wright Lippia (terrestrial perennial deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub (to 5 feet high); within range reported from rocky slopes and along washes 1,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental)
Viscaceae: The Christmas Mistletoe Family
(Loranthaceae: The Mistletoe Family)
Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall (Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall var. distans W. Trelease): American Mistletoe, Desert Mistletoe, Mesquite Mistletoe, Toji, Western Dwarf Mistletoe (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; partial parasite observed growing on Catclaw Acacia and Velvet Mesquite, commonly found on Acacia spp., Condalia spp., Larrea spp., Olneya spp., Parkinsonia spp., Prosopis spp., and Ziziphus spp. below 4,000 feet elevation; Phainopeplas feed on the berries and disperse the seeds to other host plants; Verdins nest in the stems; the fragrant flowers attract insects)
Zygophyllaceae: The Creosote-bush Family
Kallstroemia grandiflora J. Torrey ex A Gray: Arizona Caltrop, Arizona Poppy, Arizona Summer Poppy, Baiborin, Desert Poppy, Mexican Poppy, Orange Caltrop, Summer Poppy (terrestrial summer annual herb; within range reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides and washes below 5,000 feet elevation)
Larrea tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Condolle) F.V. Coville var. tridentata (Larrea divaricata A.J. Cavanilles subsp. tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Condolle) R.S. Felger & R.T. Lowe, Larrea tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Condolle) F.V. Coville): Chaparral, Creosote Bush, Greasewood, Gobernadora, Guamis, Hediondilla (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 10 feet high); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, plains and gravelly flats below 5,000 feet elevation; useful as an ornamental, characteristic plant of the southwestern deserts with its distribution very closely delineating the desert regions)
ANIMALS
BIRDS
Accipitridae: Eagles, Hawks, Kites and Allies
Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte): Cooper’s Hawk, Galvilan Palomero (Hispanic), Galvilan Pollero (Hispanic) (feeds on small birds and mammals; nest is a platform of sticks located in trees)
Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin): Buzzard, Buzzard Hawk, Chicken Hawk, Eastern Redtail, Gavilan Cola Roja (Hispanic), Hen Hawk, Mouse Hawk, Redtail, Red-tailed Buzzard, Red-tailed Hawk, Western Redtail (feeds on rodents and lizards; nest is a platform of sticks located on cliffs and in saguaros and trees)
Apodidae: Swifts
Aeronautes saxatalis (Woodhouse): White-throated Swift, Vencejo Montanes (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nest is a bracket made of saliva cemented twigs located in caves and crevices in mountain and sea cliffs)
Ardeidae: Bitterns, Egrets and Herons
Ardea herodias Linnaeus: Garza (Hispanic), Garza Ceniza (Hispanic), Great Blue Heron (feeds on crayfish, fish, frogs, insects, mice, mollusks and spiders; nest is a platform made up of sticks located on cliffs, islets, rocky islands, swamps and trees)
Butorides virescens (Linnaeus) (Butorides striatus): Garza Espalda Verde (Hispanic), Green-backed Heron, Green Heron, Little Heron, Striated Heron (feeds on crayfish, fish, frogs, insects, mice, mollusks and spiders; nest is a flimsy platform made up of sticks located in grass clumps, shrubs, thickets and trees)
Cardinalidae: Buntings, Cardinals and Grosbeaks
Cardinalis cardinalis (Linneaus) (Richmondena cardinalis (Linneaus)): Cardenal (Hispanic), Cardenal Rojo (Hispanic), Northern Cardinal, Sipuk (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups of shredded bark and twigs located in a low shrubs or thickets)
Cardinalis sinuatus (Bonaparte) (Pyrrhuloxia sinuata (Bonaparte)): Bichpod (Tohono O’odham), Cardenal Gris, Cardinal Torito (Hispanic), Pyrrhuloxia (feeds on small fruit, insects and seeds nests are neat cups located in thorny bushes)
Passerina caerulea (Linnaeus) (Guiraca caerulea (Linnaeus)): Blue Grosbeak, Pico Gordo Azul (Hispanic) (feeds on small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of grasses, rootlets and snakeskin located in a bushes or low trees)
Passerina cyanea (Linneaus): Indigo Bunting (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are woven cups made of grass and weeds located in the crotch of bushes)
Passerina versicolor (Bonaparte): Varied Bunting (feeds on insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grass located in shrubs)
Cathartidae:
Cathartes aura (Linnaeus): Nuwi (Tohono O’odham), Turkey Vulture, Zopilote (Hispanic) (feeds on carrion; no nests, eggs are laid in crevices in rocks, on the ground in thickets and tree hollow)
Charadriidae: Lapwings and Plovers
Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus: Chiwi-Chuhch (Tohono O’odham), Killdeer, Tildio (Hispanic) (feeds on marine invertebrate and worms; eggs are laid in a scrape on bare ground in fields, pastures and shores)
Columbidae: Doves and Pigeons
Columbina inca (Lesson) (Scardafella
inca (Lesson)): Gugu (Tohono O’odham), Inca
Dove,
Zenaida asiatica (Linnaeus): Mexican Dove, Okokoi (Tohono O’odham),
Paloma ala Blancha (Hispanic), Paloma de alas
Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus) (Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus)): Hohhi (Tohono O’odham), Huilota (Hispanic), Paloma Triste (Hispanic), Mourning Dove, Turtle Dove, Wild Dove (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose twig platforms located in cacti, shrubs trees and on the ground)
Corvidae: Crows, Jays, Magpies and Ravens
Aphelocoma californica (Bosc) (Aphelocoma coerulescens subsp. californica Schmitt): California Jay, Pajaro Azul (Hispanic), Santa Cruz Jay, Scrub Jay, Western Scrub-jay (feeds on acorns, berries, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are bowls made of grass, rootlets and twigs located in shrubs and trees; through the burying of acorns they play an important role in the regeneration of oak woodlands lost to drought and fire)
Corvus corax Linnaeus: American Raven, Common Raven, Hawani (Tohono O’odham), Cuervo Comun (Hispanic), Cuervo Grande (Hispanic) (feeds on small animals and birds, berries, carrion, insects and seeds; nests are made of bones, sticks and wool located on cliffs, saguaros and trees)
Cyanocitta stelleri (Gmelin): Azulejo Copeton (Hispanic), Steller’s Jay (feeds on acorns, berries, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are bowls made of pine needles and twigs and lined with feathers, fibers, moss or rootlets located in conifers)
Cuculidae: Anis, Cuckoos and Roadrunners
Geococcyx californianus (Lesson): Correcaminos Norteno (Hispanic), Greater Roadrunner, Paisano (Hispanic), Tadai (feeds on the young of ground nesting birds, insects, lizards, scorpions and snakes; nests are course shallow cups of sticks located in cacti, mesquite trees and shrubs)
Emberizidae: Emberizids
Aimophila cassinii (Woodhouse): Cassin’s Sparrow, Gorrion Cassin (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are deep grass cups located on the ground and at the bases of bushes and cacti)
Amphispiza bilineata (Cassin): Ba’ I-Chukulim (Tohono O’odham), Black-throated Sparrow, Desert Sparrow, Gorrion Garganta Negra (Hispanic), Zacatonaro Garganta Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose grassy cups located in cacti and shrubs)
Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger: Lark Bunting (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups of grass and plant down located in tussocks of grass on the ground and in scrapes)
Passerella iliaca (Merrem): Ferruginous Finch, Fox-colored Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Fox-tail, Foxy Finch and Gorrion de la Zorra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are grassy cups lined with feathers located low in bushes or on the ground)
Pipilo aberti Baird: Abert’s Towhee, Toqui de Abert (Hispanic) (feeds on buds, berries, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are grass cups located close to the ground in bushes and trees)
Pipilo chlorurus (Audubon) (Chlorura chlorura (Audubon)): Green-tailed Towhee, Toqui Cola Verde (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are made of shredded bark and grasses located under brush and on the ground)
Pipilo fuscus Swainson: Bichput (Tohono O’odham), Brown Towhee, Canyon Towhee, Hichput; Toqui Pinto (Hispanic), Vieja (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are large deep cups of grasses and rootlets located in bushes and low trees)
Pooecetes gramineus (Gmelin): Vesper Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects, seeds and small fruit; nests are grass lined cups located on the ground in grass and low vegetation)
Spizella passerina (Bechstein): Chipping Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made up of grasses and rootlets and lined with hairs located in bushes, trees and vines)
Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin): Gorrion Garganta Blanca (Hispanic), White-throated Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made up of bark fiber, grasses, hairs, mosses and rootlets located under bushes)
Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster): Gambel’s Sparrow, Gorrion Copete Blanco (Hispanic), Gorrion Corona Blanca (Hispanic), Intermediate Sparrow, Nuttall’s Sparrow, Tomtol (Tohono O’odham), White-crown, White-crowned Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are grass cups located in bushes or on the ground)
Aimophila ruficeps (Cassin): Rufous-crowned Sparrow, Yuma Rufous-crowned Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruits and insects; nests are cups lined with grass and plant fibers located on or near the ground)
Fringillidae: Cardueline and Fringilline Finches
Carduelis lawrencei (Cassin) (Spinus lawrencei (Cassin)): Lawrence’s Goldfinch (feeds on berries, buds, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are small, neat, tightly woven cups located in bushes and small trees)
Carduelis psaltria (Say) (Spinus
psaltria (Say)): Arkansas Goldfinch,
Carduelis tristis (Linnaeus) (Spinus tristis (Linnaeus)): American Goldfinch, Common Goldfinch, Pale Goldfinch (feeds on berries, buds, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are compact, felted cups made of bark shreds, grass and plant down located in the branch forks of bushes and trees)
Carpodacus mexicanus (Miller): House Finch, “Linnet”, Pinzon Mexicano (Hispanic) (feeds on buds, berries, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are tightly woven, compact cups made of grasses located in bushes, cacti, trees and vines)
Hirundinidae: Martins and Swallows
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot): Cliff Swallow, Golondrina Risquera (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are gourd-shaped mud jugs lined with feathers and grasses located on cliff faces)
Icteridae: Blackbirds, Orioles and Allies
Euphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler): Brewer’s Blackbird, Tordo Brewer (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects, seeds, small aquatic life; nests are bulky grass-lined cups made up of grasses and twigs, plastered with mud located on the ground or in low shrubs or trees)
Icterus parisorum (Bonaparte): Calandria Matraquera (Hispanic), Scott’s Oriole (feeds on fruits, insects and nectar; nests are hanging pouches made of grasses and leaves located in dried yucca fronds and small trees)
Molothrus ater (Boddaert): Brown-headed Cowbird, Common Cowbird, Tordo (Hispanic), Tordo Copete Café (Hispanic) (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; parasitic, eggs are laid in the nests or other birds)
Laniidae: Shrikes
Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus: “Butcher Bird”, Loggerhead Shrike, Verdugo (Hispanic) (feeds on small birds, insects, lizards and small mammals; nests are made of feathers, rootlets and twigs located in bushes and trees)
Mimidae: Catbirds, Mockingbirds and Thrashers
Mimus polyglottos (Linnaeus): Cenzontle (Hispanic), Cenzontle Norteno (Hispanic), Mockingbird, Northern Mockingbird, Shug (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests bulky cups made of rootlets and twigs located near ground in thickets and dense trees)
Toxostoma crissale (Henry) (Toxostoma
dorsale Henry): Crissal Thrasher,
Cuitlacoche Cristal (Hispanic) (feeds on
berries, fruits and insects; nests are cups made of twigs located in desert
shrubs and mesquites)
Toxostoma curvirostre (Swainson): Palmer’s Thrasher, Cuitlacoche Comun (Hispanic), Cuitlacoche Pico Curvo (Hispanic), Curve-billed Thrasher, Kudwik (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests are cups made of twigs located in chollas and shrubs)
Odontiphoridae: Quail
Callipepla gambelii (Gambel) (Lophortyx gambelii Gambel): Arizona Quail, Cordoniz de Gambel (Hispanic), Codorniz (Gambel) Chiquiri (Hispanic), Desert Quail, Gambel’s Quail, Kikaichu (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, buds, insects and seeds; eggs are laid in a ground scrape or grass lined nests located on the ground under prickly-pear cacti)
Paridae: Chickadees and Titmice
Baeolophus wollweberi (Bonaparte): Bridled Titmouse, Copetoncito Mascarita (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, insects and seeds; nests are located in holes in trees)
Parulidae: Wood Warblers
Dendroica coronata (Linnaeus): Audubon Warbler, Myrtle Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Verdin Cola Amarilla (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped and made of shredded bark, feathers and twigs located in trees)
Dendroica petechia (Linnaeus): Yellow Warbler, Verdin Amarillo (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are felted cups of plant fibers located in the forks of shrubs and trees)
Icteria virens (Linnaeus): Yellow-breasted Chat (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped made up of grasses and leaves located in briars, bushes and thickets)
Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend): MacGillivray’s Warbler, Verdin MacGillivray (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped and made of grasses located in briars, low brush and weeds)
Vermivora luciae (Cooper): Lucy’s Warbler, Verdin Lucy (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cup-shaped and located in trees, under loose bark or in a hole)
Wilsonia pusilla (
Picidae: Woodpeckers and Wrynecks
Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus) (Colaptes cafer (Gmelin)): Carpintero Norteno (Hispanic), Common Flicker, Northern Flicker, Red-shafted Flicker, Yellow-shafted Flicker (feeds on ants and other insects, berries and fruit; nests are made in hollowed out holes in posts, saguaros, stumps and trees)
Melanerpes uropygialis (Baird) (Centurus uropygialus Baird): Carpintero del Desierto (Hispanic), Carpintero Gila (Hispanic), Gila Woodpecker, Hikiwigi (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, fruit, honey and wood boring insects; nests are made in hollowed out holes in saguaros and trees)
Picoides scalaris (Wagler) (Dendrocopus scalaris (Wagler)): Cactus Woodpecker, Carpintero Listado (Hispanic), Chehegam (Tohono O’odham), Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Pajaro Carpintero (Hispanic) (feeds on wood boring insects and fruit; nests are made in hollowed out holes in agaves, cacti, posts and yuccas)
Sphyrapicus nuchalis (Baird) (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)): Carpintero Rojo (Hispanic), Red-naped Sapsucker (feeds on wood boring insects and sap; nests are made in hollowed out holes in trees)
Ptilogonatidae: Silky Flycatchers
Phainopepla nitens (Swainson): Capulinero (Hispanic), Capulinero Negro (Hispanic), Phainopepla (feeds on berries; insects and mistletoe; nests are shallow cups on the forks of limbs of trees)
Regulidae: Kinglets
Regulus calendula (Linnaeus): Reyezuelo Copete Rubio (Hispanic), Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Reyzuelo (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are spherical and made up of lichens and moss located under the tips of branches in conifer trees)
Remizidae: Verdins
Auriparus flaviceps (Sundevall): Baloncillo (Hispanic), Gisop (Tohono O’odham), Verdin (feeds on berries, insects, insect eggs, insect larvae and seeds; nests are spheres of thorny twigs located in chollas, shrubs, trees and the stems of the Desert Mistletoe)
Sittidae: Nuthatches
Sitta carolinensis (Latham): White-breasted Nuthatch (feeds on berries, fruits, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are located in cavities and holes in trees that are lined with bark chips and fur)
Strigidae: Typical Owls
Bubo virginianus (Gmelin): Buho (Hispanic), Great Horned Owl, Tecolote Cornudo (Hispanic), Tecolote Cuernudo (Hispanic) (feeds on birds and small mammals; nests are made out of the deserted nests of other birds located in crevices, potholes, trees, on bluffs, cliffs and on the ground)
Sylviidae:
Gnatcatchers and
Polioptila melanura (Lawrence): Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, Perlita del Desierto (Hispanic), Plumbeous Gnatcatcher, Pisita Cola Negra (Hispanic), Schuk Mookam Gisop (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on insects; nests are felted cups in forks of low shrubs)
Thraupidae: Tanagers
Piranga ludoviciana (
Piranga rubra (Linnaeus): Cooper’s Tanager, Piranga Avispera (Hispanic), Summer Tanager (feeds on berries, insects and small fruit; nests are shallow cups made of shredded bark and grasses located on tree branches)
Trochilidae: Hummingbirds
Calypte anna (Lesson): Anna’s Hummingbird, Chuparosa Anna (Hispanic), Colibri Cabeza Roja (Hispanic), Wipismal (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are tiny woven cups made of lichens and small twigs located in shrubs and trees)
Troglodytidae: Wrens
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus (Lafresnaye): Cactus Wren, Hokkad (Tohono O’odham), Matraca del Desierto (Hispanic), Saltapared del Disierto (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are straw, spheroid located in cacti, yuccas and thorny bushes)
Catherpes mexicanus (Swainson): Canyon Wren, Saltapared Risquero (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cups made of grasses, leaves, moss, spider webs and twigs and lined with fur or hair located on buildings, caves, cliffs, crevices and on bare rocks and talus)
Salpinctes obsoletus (Say): Rock Wren, Saltapared rocosa (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cups made of bark, grasses, moss, rootlets and weeds lined with feathers, hairs and wool located in rock crannies)
Thryomanes bewickii (Audubon): Bewick’s Wren, Saltapared Tapetatero (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are made of twigs and located in crannies, crevices and holes)
Troglodytes aedon Vieillot: House Wren, Parkman’s Wren, Saltapared Cucacrachero (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are made of twigs and located in holes in trees and in other birds nests)
Tyrannidae: Tyrant Flycatchers
Camptostoma imberbe (Sclater): Beardless Flycatcher, Beardless-tyrannulet, Northern Beardless Flycatcher, Northern Beardless-tyrannulet (feeds on insects; nests are domed or globular with a side entrance located in matted trees, tree tangles and clumps of mistletoe)
Epidonax fulvifrons (Giraud): Buff-breasted Flycatcher, Mosquerito Canelo (Hispanic), Northern Buff-breasted Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; nests are camouflaged cups located on tree limbs)
Myiarchus cinerascens (Lawrence): Ash-throated Flycatcher, Copeton Cinezo (Hispanic), Papamoscas Cenizo (Hispanic) (feeds on flying insects; nests are made of materials including snake skins located in knotholes and woodpecker holes in posts, trees and yuccas)
Myiarchus tyrannulus (Miller): Brown-crested Flycatcher, Mosquerito Café (Hispanic), Papamoscas Tirano (Hispanic), Weid’s Crested Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; feather and hair lined nests are located in holes in posts, saguaros and trees)
Pyrocephalus rubinus (Boddaert): Cardenalito (Hispanic), Vermilion Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; nests are flat saucers made of twigs lined with animal or plant hair located on forks of horizontal branches of conifers)
Sayornis nigricans (Swainson): Black Phoebe, Gihsupi (Tohono O’odham), Papamoscas Negro (Hispanic) (feeds on flying insects; nests are thick cups of grasses, moss and mud lined with soft material including feathers and hair located in caves, on ledges and in the exposed roots of trees close to water)
Sayornis saya (Bonaparte): Papamoscas Boyero (Hispanic), Say’s Phoebe (feeds on flying insects and berries; nests are cups or brackets of grasses, moss, mud and wool located on ledges or rock walls)
Tyrannus verticalis Say: Arkansas Kingbird, Madrugador Avispero (Hispanic), Western Kingbird (feeds on flying insects; nests are bulky, neatly-lined saucers made up of grasses, twigs and wool lined with matted hair located in bushes and on horizontal branches of trees)
Vireonidae: Vireos
Vireo bellii Audubon:
Vireo huttoni Cassin: Hutton’s Vireo, Stephen’s Vireo, Vireo Hutton (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are downy or mossy suspended cups lined with feathers and moss hanging from branches of shrubs and trees)
Vireo solitarius (Wilson): Blue-headed Greenlet, Blue-headed Vireo, Mountain Vireo, Solitary Vireo, Vireo Solitario (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are neat baskets made from long fibers and grasses lined with soft material camouflaged with bark chips, catkins, leaves and lichen hanging from forked branches in bushes and trees)
Listing Footnotes
(1) National Geographic
(2) Walker, Henry P. and Don
Bufkin. 1979. Historical Atlas of
(3)
(4) Brown, David E., Biotic Communities of the American Southwest – United States and Mexico, Desert Plants, Volume 4, Numbers 1-4, Published by the University of Arizona for the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, 1982, and associated map: Brown, David E. and Charles H. Lowe, Biotic Communities of the Southwest, August 1980, General Technical Report RM-78, United Stated Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Revised June 1983
(5) Nomenclature generally
follows that presented by The Biota of North America Program of the North Carolina
Botanical Garden (BONAP) with A Synonymized Checklist
of the Vascular Flora of the
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm
(6) Growth habits generally
coincide with that given by the National Plants Database. Common names
identified in the database have been printed in bold lettering: USDA, NRCS.
2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov).
Literature, References and Web Sites Cited,
Consulted and Visited for Listings
*Arizona Game and
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*
*Barnes, Will C. 1988.
*Benson, Lyman. 1981. The Cacti of Arizona,
The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
*Benson, Lyman and Robert A. Darrow. 1981.
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Tucson, Arizona.
*The Biota of North America Program of the North Carolina Botanical Garden (BONAP) with A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Full Index 1998.
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*Bowers, Janice E. and Steven P. McLaughlin.
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*Olin, George. 1982. Mammals of
the
*Owensby, Clenton. 2002. Line
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*Page,
*Parker, Kittie F. 1982. An Illustrated Guide
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*Peterson, Roger Tory. 1961. A
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*
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*
*
http://www.pima.gov/cmo/sdcp/sdcp2/fsheets/facts.html
*Ransom, Jay Ellis. 1981. Harper
and Row’s Complete Field Guide to North American Wildlife, Western Edition,
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*Raven, Peter H., Ray F. Evert and Helena
Curtis. 1976 Biology of Plants, Second Edition,Worth Publishers, Inc.
*
*Rondeau, Renee, Thomas R. Van Devender, C.
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Ruth. 1999. Checklist of North American Birds
*
*Southeast Arizona Butterfly
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*Spellenberg, Richard. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers – Western Region, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
*Stebbins, Robert C. 1985. A
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Mifflin Company,
*
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*Thornber, J.J. 1909. Vegetation Groups
in the Desert Laboratory Domain, Professor of Botany in the
*
*
*Turner, Raymond M., Janice E. Bowers and Tony
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