September
17, 2006 Update
WESTERN
PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA, INCLUDING THE
ORGAN
PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND WILDERNESS AREA
Major Contributors and Sources of
Information: William T. Kendall *WTK (observation date, if shown)*.
The
side of State Route
85 approximately 5 miles north of
was added in 1978 and covers an additional 312,600 acres. WTK November 2005
“An increasing need for careful husbandry of the earth’s natural resources has renewed interest
in the classification and mapping of ecosystems. The inventory of our remaining biotic entities is particularly urgent because the increased aspirations of a constantly growing world population
are placing ever greater stress on these generous, but finite, living resources.”
United States
Department of Agriculture,
Species Distribution Lists are being developed to encourage and promote the conservation of local native animals and plants. They are developed for legally defined geographic areas, and larger bodies of water. They are provided to environmental consultants, property owners, and government agencies interested in promoting conservation. Listings include species reported as having been observed in or reported from the described area. Due to continuing additions and corrections the listings should be considered a work in progress.
Individual species records are presented alphabetically by family and genus. Following the scientific name is the authority, common synonym(s), common name(s), a general description of the species habitat and the biotic communities in which it has reportedly been observed, and the bibliography for the comments and sources of additional information. Species once reported as having occurred within the described area, but that no longer occurs there are shown are having been EXTIRPATED. This list includes species that are not native to Arizona (EXOTIC). Exotic plants are not recommended for use in landscaping or restoration projects. Disjunct species, outliers and plants on the edge of the main population, as observed by the surveyor, are noted as being PERIPHERAL PLANT(S). Landscaped plants are not included in the listings unless they have become naturalized into the surrounding native environment.
Local native vegetation is recommended for use in landscaping and restoration projects. To determine what could be considered as local native vegetation look at both the project township and the eight contiguous townships for plants of similar habitat and elevation. Plants should be planted in their approximate original habitat and density. Use of native plants encourages native animals to remain in the area and helps to retain the areas natural beauty, unique identity and heritage.
Appreciation is expressed to the
officers and staff of the Arizona Department of Agriculture, the Arizona Game
and Fish Department,
Species Distribution Lists are periodically updated and revised. These listings have been created and maintained by William T. Kendall. Comments, the reporting of corrections, the reporting of unrecorded species in townships and the reporting of information relating to the historical distribution of species would be greatly appreciated, and may be sent by mail to: Kendall Environmental Surveys, P.O. Box 87967, Tucson, Arizona 85754-7967, or E-mail to: KendallEnvironmentalSurveys@msn.com.
DISCLAIMER: The information presented as listing area notes has been obtained from large scale mapping and should be used only as a general guide. Information used in these lists is accepted from biologists and individuals interested in helping to promote the conservation of our natural resources. Mistakes are made in the identification of species and in the recording of information, and changes in nomenclature occur. For these reasons I can not and do not warrant the accuracy of these listings.
CAUTION: Many native desert plants have sharp thorns and spines. Care should be given when handling them and consideration should be given to public safety at sites where they are to be planted. Range plants having a known toxic or poisonous property may be so noted. Major and secondary poisonous range plants as reported by Schmutz, Freeman and Reed 1968 (*80*) are noted “... has/have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968)” in red lettering). Footnotes (*00*) for plants whose sources may have cautionary statements, comments and information on rarely poisonous or suspected poisonous range plants may also be shown in red. Many poisonous plants are similar in appearance to edible ones. No field collected plant should be eaten unless you know for a fact that it is safe for you to do so.
CONTENTS
Listing Area Notes
Listing
of Plant Species
Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom
Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The Vascular Plants
Division Lycopodiophyta: The
Lycopods
Class Lycopodiopsida: The Clubmosses,
Firmosses and Spikemosses
Division Pteridophyta: The Ferns
Class Filicopsida: The Ferns
Superdivision Spermatophyta: The Seed Plants
Division Coniferophyta: The
Conifers
Class
Pinopsida: The Conifers
Division Gnetophyta: The Gnetophytes
Class Gnetopsida: The Gnetops
Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants
Class Liliopsida: The Monocots
Class Magnoliopsida: The Dicots
Listing of Animals
Kingdom Animalia: The Animal Kingdom
Subkingdom Metazoa: The Multicellular Animals
Section Protostomia: The Protosomes
Phylum Mollusca: The Mollusks
Class
Gastropoda: The Snails and Their Allies
Phylum Arthropoda: The Arthropods
Subphylum Chelicerata: The Spiders
and Their Allies
Class Arachnida: The Harvestmen, Mites,
Pseudoscorpions, Scorpions,
Spiders and Ticks
Subphylum Mandibulata: The
Mandibulates
Class
Insecta: The Insects
Section Deuterostomia: The Deuterostomes
Phylum Chordata: The Chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata: The
Vertebrates
Class Amphibia: The Amphibians
Class Aves: The Birds
Class Mammalia: The Mammals
Class Osteichthyes: The Bony
Fishes
Class Reptilia: The Reptiles
Acknowledgements
Species
Distribution Listings Footnotes and References
LISTING
AREA NOTES
Location
This listing area is located in
western
Historic Ranching Activities: Named historic ranches, line camps and stock tanks include the Dos Lomitas Ranch, the Gachado Line Camp, and the Cement Tank, Diablo Tank and the Wild Horse Tank.
Historic Mining Activities: Named historic mines include the Baker Mine, Copper Mountain Mine, Golden Bell Mine, Lost Cabin Mine, Martinez Mine, Milton Mine and the Victoria Mine.
Named wells include the Acuna Well, Armenta Well, Bates Well, Blankenship Well, Bonita Well, Cipriano Well (Dry), Daniels Well, Gachado Well, Hocker Well, Pozo Nuevo and the Red Tanks Well.
Landmarks
Named mountains, peaks, canyons, passes and hills include the Ajo Range, Alamo Canyon, Alamo Canyon - Middle Fork, Alamo Canyon - North Fork, Alamo Canyon - South Fork, Ali Wua Pass, Arch Canyon, Bates Mountains, Boulder Canyon, Canyon Diablo, Cerro Blanco, Cipriana Hills (2,605 feet), Cipriano Pass, Diablo Mountains, Diaz Peak (4,024 feet), Diaz Spire (3,892 feet), Dos Lomitas, Estes Canyon, Grass Canyon, Growler Canyon, Growler Mountains (2,610 feet), Growler Pass, Kino Peak (3,197 feet), Gunsight Hills (2,642 feet), Kuakatch Pass, Mount Ajo (4,808 feet), Pinkley Peak (3,146 feet), Pitahaya Canyon, Puerto Blanco Mountains, Montezumas Head (3,634 feet), Quitobaquito Hills, Sierra de Santa Rosa, Slit Rock, Sonoyta Mountains, Sweetwater Pass, Tillotson Peak (3,374 feet) and the Twin Peaks (2,615 feet).
Named valleys, plains and basins
include the Bull Pasture,
Named springs include the
Aguajita Spring, Bull Pasture Spring, Burro Spring, Dripping Springs,
Quitobaquito Springs and the
Named washes include the Aguajita
Wash,
Elevation
Elevations range from
approximately 975 feet in an unnamed wash located on the international border
southeast of the southwest corner and west of the Hocker Well to approximately
4,808 feet at
Physiographic Province
This listing area is located
within the Sonoran Desert Section of the Basin and
Soils
Soils are described as hyperthermic (very hot) arid soils (soils with mean annual soil temperatures of more than 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Centigrade) and less than 10 inches (25 cm) mean annual precipitation) of the Gilman-Antho-Valencia Association (deep soils on floodplains and alluvial fans), Gunsight-Rillito-Harqua Association (deep, gravelly, calcareous soils on the upper slopes) and the Rock Outcrop-Lomitas-Cherioni Association (rock outcrops and very shallow, and shallow soils on low hills and mountains) with isolated areas of Rock Outcrop and shallow soils (3).
Biotic Community
Portions of this listing area are
located within the
Maps created with TOPO! R C 2002 National Geographic
A FEW OF THE NATIVE PLANTS REPORTED AS OCCURRING IN THIS LISTING AREA THAT MIGHT BE CONSIDERED FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE AND RESTORATION PROJECTS
Trees and Large Shrubs
(over 7 feet in height)
Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii), Gray Oak (Quercus grisea), Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina), Goodding Willow (Salix gooddingii), Netleaf Hackberry (Celtis laevigata var. reticulata), Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea), Blue Paloverde (Parkinsonia florida), Ajo Mountain Scrub Oak (Quercus ajoensis), Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Screwbean Mesquite (Prosopis pubescens), Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota), Sonoran Rosewood (Vauquelinia californica subsp. sonorensis), Smoketree (Psorothamnus spinosus), Elephant Tree (Bursera microphylla), Catclaw Acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla), Beechleaf Frangula (Frangula betulifolia var. betulifolia), Organpipe Cactus (Stenocereus thurberi), Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis subsp. arcuata), Desert Olive (Forestiera shrevei), Scrub Live Oak (Quercus turbinella), Arizona Mimosa (Mimosa distachya var. laxiflora), Bitter Snakewood (Condalia globosa var. pubescens), Baby Bonnets (Coursetia glandulosa), Desert Hackberry (Celtis ehrenbergiana), Whitethorn Acacia (Acacia constricta), Redberry Juniper (Juniperus coahuilensis), Senita (Pachycereus schottii), Desert Lavender (Hyptis emoryi), Redberry Buckthorn (Rhamnus ilicifolia), Hop Bush (Dodonaea viscosa), Staghorn Cholla (Cylindropuntia versicolor), Ashy Limberbush (Jatropha cinerea), Chain-fruit Cholla (Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida), Greythorn (Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens), Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata), Emory Crucifixion Thorn (Castela emoryi), Quail-brush (Atriplex lentiformis), Baja Desert-thorn (Lycium brevipes), Fishhook Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni), Cane Cholla (Cylindropuntia spinosior), Anderson Lycium (Lycium andersonii var. andersonii), Arizona Desert-thorn (Lycium exsertum), Fremont Desert-thorn (Lycium fremontii), Desert Wolfberry (Lycium macrodon), Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), Rush Milkweed (Asclepias subulata), Eastwood Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus cylindraceus var. eastwoodiae), Pencil Cholla (Cylindropuntia arbuscula), Harrison’s Barbery (Berberis harrisoniana), Teddybear Cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii), Fourwing Saltbush (Atriplex canescens var. canescens), Narrowleaf Saltbush (Atriplex canescens var. linearis), Shrubby Limberbush (Jatropha cuneata), Berlandier Wolfberry (Lycium berlandieri var. longistylum), Desert Honeysuckle (Anisacanthus thurberi), Ragged Rockflower (Crossosoma bigelovii), Snapdragon Penstemon (Keckiella antirrhinoides subsp. microphylla), Colorado Buckhorn Cholla (Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. coloradensis) and Red-spined Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus emoryi).
Vines and Climbers
Drummond Clematis (Clematis drummondii), Fingerleaf Gourd (Cucurbita digitata), Hartweg Twinevine (Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum), Pipevine Flower (Aristolochia watsoni), Slender Janusia (Janusia gracilis), Scarlet Creeper (Ipomoea cristulata), Tumamoc Globeberry (Tumamoca macdougalii), Pringle’s Clustervine (Jacquemontia pringlei), Bloodberry Rougeplant (Rivina humilis) and Texas Snoutbean (Rhynchosia senna).
Shrubs and Large Grasses
(2 to 7 feet in height)
Bamboo Muhly (Muhlenbergia dumosa), Arizona Yucca (Yucca baccata var. brevifolia), Wright Beebrush (Aloysia wrightii), Bear Grass (Nolina microcarpa), Red Barberry (Mahonia haematocarpa), Smooth Clock-face Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia chlorotica), Desert Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii), Sprawling Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia phaeacantha), Desert Saltbush (Atriplex polycarpa), Chuparosa (Justicia californica), Rock Gooseberry (Ribes quercetorum), Thurber Sandpaper Plant (Petalonyx thurberi subsp. thurberi), Limberbush (Jatropha cardiophylla), Green Brittlebush (Encelia frutescens var. frutescens), Rough Jointfir (Ephedra aspera), Rock Sage (Salvia pinguifolia), Prairie Acacia (Acacia angustissima var. suffructescens), Major Cholla (Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major), Diamond Cholla (Cylindropuntia ramosissima), White Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa), Pineneedle Milkweed (Asclepias linaria), Deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens), Plains Bristlegrass (Setaria vulpiseta), Arizona Cootontop (Digitaria californica), Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla var. eriophylla), Desert Hibiscus (Hibiscus coulteri), Cane Beardgrass (Bothriochloa barbinodis), Turpentine Bush (Ericameria laricifolia), Parry Penstemon (Penstemon parryi), Alkali Sacaton (Sporobolus airoides), American Threefold (Trixis californica), Big Galleta (Pleuraphis rigida), Desert Globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua subsp. ambigua), Caliche Globemallow (Sphaeralcea laxa), Desert Christmas Caholla (Cylindropuntia leptocaulis), California Desert-thorn (Lycium californicum), Tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus), Yellow Monkey Flower (Mimulus guttatus), Hummingbird Trumpet (Epilobium canum subsp. latifoliium), Yellow Menodora (Menodora scabra), Rock Hibiscus (Hibiscus denudatus), Blue Toadflax (Nuttallanthus texanus), Bush Muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri), Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), Wright Buckwheat (Eriogonum wrightii), White Ratany (Krameria grayi), Flat-top Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium), White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa), Triangleleaf Bursage (Ambrosia deltoidea), Violet Ruellia (Ruellia nudiflora), Cooper Paperflower (Psilostrophe cooperi), Nichol’s Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus nicholii) and Arizona Cockroach Plant (Haplophyton crooksii).
Subshrubs, Herbs and Small Succulents
Desert Night-blooming Cereus (Peniocereus greggii var. transmontanus), Dahlia-rooted Cereus (Peniocereus striatus), Parish Larkspur (Delphinium parishii var. parishii), Desert Lily (Hesperocallis undulata), Western Wallflower (Erysimum capitatum), Chaparral Nightshade (Solanum xanti), Brownfoot (Acourtia wrightii), California Caltrop (Kallstroemia californica), California Suncup (Camissonia californica), Bare-stem Larkspur (Delphinium scaposum), Prairie Flax (Linum lewisii), Covena (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. pauciflorum), Parry False Prairie-clover (Marina parryi), San Filipe Dogweed (Adenophyllum porophylloides), Woolly Paintbrush (Castilleja lanata), Mexican Gold Poppy (Eschscholzia californica subsp. mexicana), Desert Senna (Senna covesii), Desert Four O’Clock (Mirabilis multiflora), Arizona Lupine (Lupinus arizonicus), Desert Marigold (Baileya multiradiata), Woolly Desert Marigold (Baileya pleniradiata), Catchfly Prairie Gentian (Eustoma exaltatum), Desert Agave (Agave deserti subsp. simplex), Desert Verbena (Glandularia gooddingii), Desert Mariposa (Calochortus kennedyi), Schott Agave (Agave schottii var. schottii), Claret-cup Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus polyacanthus), Small-flowered Verbena (Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida), Rothrock Grama (Bouteloua rothrockii), Santa Rita Snakeroot (Ageratina paupercula), Desert Windlflower (Anemone tuberosa), Common Owl’s Clover (Castilleja exserta subsp. exserta), Orange Flame Flower (Phemeranthus aurantiacus), Mojave Lupine (Lupinus sparsiflorus subsp. mojavensis), Yellow Spiny Daisey (Machaeranthera gracilis), Orange Caltrop (Kallstroemia grandiflora), Desert Zinnia (Zinnia acerosa), Hispid Nama (Nama hispidum), Desert Devil’s-claw (Proboscidea althaeifolia), Desert Holly (Acourtia nana), Thornber Clustered Pincushion Cactus (Mammillaria thornberi), San Francisco Leatherpetal (Graptopetalum rusbyi), Woody Crinklemat (Tiquilia canescens var. canescens), Largeflower Onion (Allium macropetalum), Needle-spined Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus engelmannii var. acicularis), Firehair Dogweed (Thymophylla pentachaeta var. belenidium), Mesa Tansyaster (Machaeranthera tagetina), Lacy Tansyaster (Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. gooddingii var. gooddingii), Graham Pincushion Cactus (Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii), Corky-seed Fishhook (Mammillaria tetrancistra), Arizona Blue Eyes (Evolvulus alsinoides var. angustifolius), Desert Evening-primrose (Camissonia chamaenerioides), Arizona Foldwing (Dicliptera resupinata), Spreading Fanpetals (Sida abutifolia), Desert Fluff Grass (Dasyochloa pulchella), Yellow Desert Evening-primrose (Oenothera primiveris) and Arizona Liveforever (Dudleya pulverulenta).
The
The ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
is a statewide nonprofit organization devoted to
Contact:
The
The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, teaching and learning about cacti and succulent plants. Their monthly programs feature knowledgeable individuals who can educate you and help you understand more about these fascinating plants. They conduct and sponsor native cactus and succulent rescue operations, plant sales, field trips, nursery and garden visits, conventions and conferences as well as other activities throughout the year.
NATIVE PLANT RESCUE NOTICE
(The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society puts
a tremendous amount of time and effort
into the
organizing and overseeing of their rescue
events. The native plant rescues carried out by the dedicated
members of the Society provide an immeasurable service to our community.)
The TUCSON CACTUS AND SUCCULENT
SOCIETY organizes native plant rescues in areas being cleared for development.
If interested in rescuing plants and/or obtaining local native plants for your
landscaping or restoration project join the Society and become a rescue crew
member.
Contact: Tucson Cactus and
Succulent Society, PO Box 64759, Tucson, Arizona 85728-4759, 520-885-6367.
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
http://www.desertsurvivors.org/nursery.asp
The DESERT SURVIVORS NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
sells many local native plants and is willing to consider growing any native
plant for which there is a buyer.
Contact: Desert Survivors Native Plant
Nursery, 1020 West Starr Pass Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85713, 520-791-9309.
The TOHONO CHUL PARK GREENHOUSE
http://www.tohonochulpark.org/
The TOHONO CHUL PARK GREENHOUSE offers for
sale a wide variety of native and arid adapted plants. Many of these plants
require minimal watering once they are established. Flowers, trees, bushes and
seeds are sold throughout the year.
Contact: Tohono Chul Park, 7366 North
Paseo del Norte, , Tucson, Arizona
85704-4415, Information: 520-742-6455
(Greenhouse ext. 239), FAX: 520-797-1213, Russ Buhrow, Curator of Plants,
520-742-6455 ext. 234, russbuhrow@tohonochulpark.org
LISTING
OF PLANTS
A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Organ
Pipe Cactus
National Monument is available at the Visitor
Center for $2.50 (April 1998)
STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY
OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE PLANTS FROM
COLLECTION, MUTILATION AND DESTRUCTION
* numbers appearing between the asterisks
relate to footnotes and sources of information*
Kingdom Plantae: The Plant Kingdom
Subkingdom Tracheobionta: The
Vascular Plants
Division Lycopodiophyta: The
Lycopods
CLASS
LYCOPODIOPSIDA: The CLUBMOSSES, FIRMOSSES
and
SPIKEMOSSES
Family Selaginellaceae: The Spike-moss Family
Selaginella arizonica W.R. Maxon (5): Arizona Selaginella, Arizona Spikemoss, Desert Spike-moss, Flor de Piedra (terrestrial perennial herb (½ to 1½ inches in forb/height) (6); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, rocky ledges, cliffs and soil pockets on bedrock, occurring from 2,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 51, 77*
Selaginella eremophila W.R. Maxon: Desert Selaginella, Desert Spikemoss, Flor de Piedra (terrestrial perennial herb (1/2 inch in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from cliffs, hills, rocky slopes and rock crevices, occurring from 1,200 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 51*
Division Pteridophyta: The Ferns
CLASS
FILICOPSIDA: The FERNS
Family Pteridaceae: The Maidenhair Fern Family
Argyrochosma limitanea (W.R. Maxon) M.D. Windham subsp. limitanea (Notholaena limitanea W.R. Maxon, Pellaea limitanea (W.R. Maxon) J.S. Morton) (5): Border Cloak Fern, Kalawala (Tarahumara), Southwestern False Cloak Fern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/ herb (fronds are 2 to 10 inches in length) (6); within the range of this species it has been reported from cliffs, crevices, ledges, hillsides and bases of boulders, occurring from 2,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 30, 46, 51*
Astrolepis cochisensis (L.N. Goodding) R.W. Benham & M.D. Windham subsp. cochisensis (Notholaena cochisensis L.N. Goodding, Notholaena sinuata (O. Swartz) G.F. Kaulfuss var. cochisensis (L.N. Goodding) C.A. Weatherby): Cloak Fern, Cochise’s Cloak Fern, Cochise Scaly Cloakfern, Helechillo, Jimmyfern, Narrow Cloakfern, Scaly Star Fern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 3 to 11½ inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, rocky ledges, on boulders and among rocks, occurring from 1,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 51, 77, 80*
Astrolepis sinuata (M. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz) R.W. Benham & M.D. Windham subsp. sinuata (Notholaena sinuata (M. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz) G.F. Kaulfuss): Bulb Cloakfern Canaguala (Hispanic), Helecho (Hispanic), Kalawala (Tarahumara), Wavy Cloak Fern, Wavy Scaly Cloakfern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 4½ to 22 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, among rocks, crevices and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 30, 46, 51, 58, 77, 108*
Bommeria hispida (G.H. Mettenius ex F.A. Kuhn) L.M. Underwood: Copper Fern, Hairy Bommeria (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 2 to 12½ inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky mountainsides, canyons and rocky canyon walls, shaded cliffs, hilltops, rocky hillsides, dry rocky slopes, rocky ledges, rocky outcrops, in the shelter of boulders and rocks, crevices, springs, moist crevices along streams and below falls, washes, stock tanks, riparian areas, forest litter and moist, rich and sandy soils, occurring from 2,300 to 6,800 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 51, 63 (090506), 85 (090506)*
Cheilanthes lindheimeri W.J. Hooker: Canaguala, Fairy Sword, Fairyswords, Hierba de la Pena, Kalawala, Lindheimer Lip Fern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 3 to 13½ inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, crevices on cliffs, talus slopes, dry rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among boulders and rocks and crevices, occurring from 2,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 51, 58, 77, 108*
Cheilanthes parryi D.C. Eaton (Notholaena parryi (D.C. Eaton) K. Domin): Parry’s Cloak Fern, Parry’s Lipfern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 1½ to 8 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mountain sides, mesas, canyons and canyon walls, hillsides, rock crevices, among boulders and rocks, rocky slopes and rocky draws, occurring from 1,000 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 51, 77*
Cheilanthes standleyi (see Notholaena standleyi)
Cheilanthes villosa G.E. Davenport ex W.R. Maxon: Hairy Lipfern, Villous Lipfern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 3 to 14 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky cliffs, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, talus slopes, ledges, rocky outcrops, among boulders, rocky crevices, occurring from 2,000 to 6,400 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 51, 63 (090506), 85 (090506)*
Cheilanthes wrightii W.J. Hooker: Wright Lipfern, Wright’s Lipfern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 2 to 8½ inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, crevices on cliffs and rocky slopes, ledges, talus slopes, soil pockets on rocky outcrops, among rocks and gravelly soils, occurring from 1,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 51, 58, 77*
Cheilanthes yavapensis R.G. Reeves ex M.D. Windham: Graceful Lipfern, Yavapai Lipfern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyon walls, rocky slopes, boulder outcrops, rocky hillsides, crevices and rocky draws, occurring from 2,600 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 77, 85*
Notholaena californica D.C. Eaton subsp. californica: California
Cloak Fern (terrestrial perennial
evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 1½ to 8 inches in length); within the range of
this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon walls, hills, rocky
slopes and among rocks, occurring from 1,000 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the
desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 51*
Notholaena cochisensis (see Astrolepis cochisensis subsp. cochisensis)
Notholaena limitanea (see Argyrochosma limitanea subsp. limitanea)
Notholaena parryi (see Cheilanthes parryi)
Notholaena sinuata (see Astrolepis sinuata subsp. sinuata)
Notholaena sinuata var. cochisensis (see Astrolepis cochisensis subsp. cochisensis)
Notholaena standleyi W.R. Maxon (Cheilanthes standleyi W.R. Maxon): Standley Cloak Fern, Star Cloak Fern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 2½ to 13 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, crevices on cliffs, rocky slopes and in shaded areas among boulders and rocks, occurring from 1,000 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 16, 46, 51, 58*
Pellaea limitanea (see Argyrochosma limitanea subsp. limitanea)
Pellaea longimucronata (see Pellaea truncata)
Pellaea truncata L.N. Goodding (Pellaea longimucronata W.J. Hooker): Spiny Cliffbrake (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 4½ to 16½ inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from crevices on cliffs and rocky slopes, among boulders and rocks and gravelly soils, occurring from 2,000 to 6,000 (to 8,000?) feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 51, 77, 108*
Pentagramma triangularis (G.F. Kaulfuss) G.A. Yatskievych, M.D. Windham & E. Wollenweber subsp. maxonii (C.A. Weatherby) G.A. Yatskievych, M.D. Windham & E. Wollenweber (Ptyrogramma triangularis G.F. Kaulfuss var. maxonii C.A. Weatherby): Goldback Fern, Goldfern, Maxon’s Goldback Fern (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (fronds are 3 to 15½ inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from cliffs, rock ledges, crevices and among boulders, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 51, 108*
Ptyrogramma triangularis var. maxonii (see Pentagramma triangularis subsp. maxonii)
Superdivision Spermatophyta: The
Seed Plants
Division Coniferophyta: The Conifers
CLASS
PINOPSIDA: The CONIFERS
Family Cupressaceae:
The
Juniperus coahuilensis (M. Martinez) H.M. Gaussen ex R.P. Adams (Juniperus erythrocarpa V.L. Cory subsp. coahuilensis M. Martinez, several populations in southern Arizona have been referred to as Juniperus monosperma (G. Engelmann) C.S. Sargent) (5): Coahuila Juniper, Redberry Juniper (terrestrial perennial evergreen tree (to16 feet in height) (6); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, cliffs, foothills, rocky hillsides, slopes, rocky outcrops, among boulders and along washes and streambeds, occurring from 1,800 to 6,200 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46 (gen.), 68, 80, 108 (recorded as Juniperus monosperma)*
Juniperus erythrocarpa subsp. coahuilensis (see Juniperus coahuilensis)
Juniperus monosperma (see note under Juniperus coahuilensis)
Juniperus osteosperma (J. Torrey) E.L. Little: Cedro, Sabina,
Shaggy Bark Juniper, Junipero (Hispanic), Utah
Juniper, Western Juniper (terrestrial
perennial evergreen tree (10 to 40 feet in height and 10 to 30 feet in width);
within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, plateaus,
rocky hills, dry plains and rocky soils, occurring from 3,000 to 8,000 feet in
elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological
formations) Birds and mammals feed on the berries. This plant may be useful
as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 28, 30, 46, 48,
52, 53, 63 (062706), 68, 80, 108
(possibly a misidentified Juniperus coahuilensis, generally the Utah Juniper
is not found in the southern part of
Division Gnetophyta: The
Gnetophytes
CLASS
GNETOPSIDA: The GNETOPS
Family Ephedraceae: The Mormon-tea Family
Ephedra aspera G. Engelmann ex S. Watson (Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson var. aspera (G. Engelmann) L. Benson) (5): Boundary Ephedra, Canatillo, Canutillo, Mormon Tea, Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Joint-fir, Pitamo Real, Popotillo, Rough Jointfir, Sanguinaria, Tepopote (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (3 to 5 feet in height and 3 to 5 feet in width) (6); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, hills, flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is browsed by wildlife, food plant of the Bighorn Sheep. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 46, 48, 77, 91, 108*
Ephedra nevadensis var. aspera (see Ephedra aspera)
Ephedra trifurca J. Torrey ex S. Watson: Canatilla, Canitilla, Desert Ephedra, Desert Joint-fir, Itama Real, Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Joint-fir, Mexican Tea, Mormon Tea, Popotilla, Popotillo, Tepopote, Teposote (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 15 feet in height and 8 to 10 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, sand hills, dunes, and along sandy washes, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is valuable in binding soils. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 28, 46, 48, 58, 77, 91, 108*
Division Magnoliophyta: The Flowering Plants
CLASS LILIOPSIDA: The MONOCOTS
Family Agavaceae: The Century-plant Family
Agave x ajoensis W.C. Hodgson (the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument population has been reported as being a population of Agave schottii var. treleasei) (5): Ajo Agave (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (7 to 16 inches in height with a flowering stem reaching 8 to 12 feet in height) (6); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky slopes, ledges, rocky outcrops, swales and basins, occurring from 2,900 to 3,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Southern Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae) is reported to be a pollinator of the Schott Agave and may be a pollinator of the Ajo Agave. *5, 6, 8, 9, 24, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Agave deserti G. Engelmann subsp. simplex H.S. Gentry: Agave, Amul, Desert Agave, Desert Century Plant, Single-rosette Desert Agave, Mescal (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (1 to 2 feet in height and 16 to 32 inches in diameter with a flowering stem reaching to 20 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas, outcrops and sandy flats, occurring from 500 to 3,500 feet elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 17, 24, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 91*
Agave schottii G. Engelmann var. schottii: Agave, Amole, Amolillo, Schott Agave, Schott’s Century Plant, Shin Dagger, Shin Digger (terrestrial perennial evergreen succulent forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (8 to 16 inches and 14 inches in diameter with a flowering stem reaching 6 to 13 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock outcrops and bajadas, occurring from 3,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The flowers are visited by bees, hummingbirds and wasps. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The Southern Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae) is reported to be a pollinator of the Schott Agave. *5, 6, 13, 15, 17, 24 (sp.), 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 108*
Agave schottii var. treleasei (see note included with Agave x ajoensis)
Yucca arizonica (see Yucca baccata var. brevifolia)
Yucca baccata J. Torrey var. brevifolia (H.W. Schott ex J. Torrey) L. Benson & R.A. Darrow (Yucca arizonica S.A. McKelvey, Yucca thornberi S.A. McKelvey): Arizona Yucca, Banana Yucca, Blue Yucca, Datil, Palma Criolla, Spanish Dagger, Thornber Yucca (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (under 7 feet in height with a flowering stalk reaching to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, slopes, foothills, hills, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos, occurring from 3,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24 (sp.), 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 91, 108 (sp.)*
Yucca thornberi (see Yucca baccata var. brevifolia)
Family Commelinaceae: The Spiderwort Family
Commelina erecta C. Linnaeus: Erect Dayflower, Herba del Pollo (Hispanic - Herb of the (cooked) Chicken), Hierba del Pollo (Hispanic), Matlali (Hispanic), Matlalina (Hispanic), Narrowleaf Dayflower, Small-bracted Dayflower, Tripa de Gallina (Hispanic), Whitemouth Dayflower, Widow’s Tears (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (1 foot in height and 3 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, among rocks, rock crevices, dunes, flats, benches, coastal plains, riparian areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 100 to 6,900 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 30, 46, 58, 63 (090506), 85 (090506), 86*
Family Cyperaceae: The Sedge Family
Cyperus aristatus (see Cyperus squarrosus)
Cyperus laevigatus (C. Linnaeus): Smooth Flatsedge, Smooth Nutsedge (terrestrial perennial graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, meadows, plains, sandy flats, springs, brooks, streambeds, riverbeds, borders of pools and ponds and wet and moist gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 200 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 85, 108*
Cyperus mutisii (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.H. Grisebach (Cyperus pringlei N.L. Britton): Mutis’ Flatsedge (terrestrial perennial graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyon bottoms, gravelly hillsides, gravelly slopes, among boulders, along streams and washes, arroyos, riparian areas and damp sandy soils, occurring from 500 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 63 (090506), 85 (090506)*
Cyperus odoratus C. Linnaeus: Fragrant Flatsedge, Large Head Flat Sedge, Rusty Flat Sedge (terrestrial long lived annual or perennial graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from stream banks and wet soils, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 58*
Cyperus pringlei (see Cyperus mutisii)
Cyperus squarrosus C. Linnaeus: (Cyperus aristatus C.F. Rottboll). Awned Cyperus, Awned Flat Sedge, Bearded Flatsedge, Dwarf Sedge, Umbrella Sedge (terrestrial annual graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, slopes and wet and moist ground, occurring from 2,500 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Eleocharis caribaea (see Eleocharis geniculata)
Eleocharis geniculata (C. Linnaeus) J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes (Eleocharis caribaea (C.F. Rottboll) J. Blake): Canada Spikesedge (terrestrial annual graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, hills, springs, rocky and gravelly washes, along arroyos, streams, creeks and riverbeds, edges of lakes, riparian areas and wet and moist soils, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 85*
Eleocharis rostellata (J. Torrey) J. Torrey: Beaked Spikerush, Beaked Spikesedge (terrestrial perennial graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from meadows, seeps, springs, along arroyos and creeks, floodplains, cienegas, swampy areas, edges of ponds, lake sides, riparian areas and moist sands, gravelly loam, and wet and marshy soils, occurring below 6,100 feet in elevation in wetlands ecological formations within the forest, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 85*
Schoenoplectus americanus (C.H. Persoon) R. Volk ex H. Schinz & R. Keller (Scirpus americanus C.H. Persoon, Scirpus olneyi A. Gray): American Bulrush, Chairmaker’s Bulrush, Olney Bulrush, Schoenoplectus (terrestrial perennial graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from hillsides, seeps, springs, streambeds, along rivers, bogs, marshes, edges of pools and lakes, saline marshes, riparian areas and wet, moist and sandy soils, occurring below 6,200 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (062706), 85, 108*
Scirpus americanus (see Schoenoplectus americanus)
Scirpus olneyi (see Schoenoplectus americanus)
Family Iridaceae: The Iris Family
Sisyrinchium demissum E.L. Greene: Blue-eyed Grass, Blue Star Grass, Dwarf Blue-eyed Grass, Stiff Blue-eyed Grass (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, meadows, hillsides, seeps, springs, draws, along washes and streams, wet meadows, cienegas, pools and moist and sandy loam soils, occurring from 1,800 to 10,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 85*
Family Juncaceae: The Rush Family
Juncus arcticus var. mexicanus (see Juncus mexicanus)
Juncus bufonius C. Linnaeus: Toad Rush (terrestrial annual graminoid (1 to 8 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, rocky hillsides, wet meadows, seeps, springs, along stream and river banks, streambeds, around ponds and lakes, riparian areas, dried up pools and wet, moist and damp soils, occurring below 9,000 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 80, 85, 101*
Juncus cooperi G. Engelmann: Cooper’s Rush (terrestrial perennial graminoid (3 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from seeps, flats, salt ponds, water holes and wet soils, occurring below 1,200 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 80, 85*
Juncus mexicanus C.L. von Wildenow ex J.H. & J.A. Schultes (Juncus arcticus C.L. von Wildenow var. mexicanus (C.L. von Wildenow ex J.J. Roemer) H. Balslev): Mexican Rush (terrestrial perennial graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, meadows, seeps, springs, along washes, gullies, stream, creek and river banks, cienegas, marshy areas, bogs, stock tanks, around lakes and wet, moist and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 8,100 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 80*
Liliaceae: The Lily Family
Allium macropetalum P.A. Rydberg: Arizona Onion, Cebollin, Desert Onion, Largeflower Onion, Large-petal Onion, Wild Onion (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 8 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, among rocks, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and heavy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Calochortus kennedyi T.C. Porter: Desert Mariposa, Desert Mariposa Lily, Desert Mariposa Tulip, Mariposa Lily, Red Mariposa Lily (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (4 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas and flats, occurring from 2,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 86*
Dichelostemma capitatum (G. Bentham) W. Wood subsp. pauciflorum (J. Torrey) G. Keator (Dichelostemma pulchellum (R.A. Salisbury) A.A. Heller var. pauciflorum (J. Torrey) R.F. Hoover): Bluedicks, Brodiaea, Covena, Coveria, Desert Hyacinth, Few-flowered Covena, Grass Nuts, Papago Lily, Purplehead, Wild Hyacinth terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 30 inches in height; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, hillsides, bajadas, plains and gravelly flats, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Dichelostemma pulchellum var. pauciflorum (see Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. pauciflorum)
Hesperocallis undulata A. Gray: Ajo, Ajo Lily, Ajo Sylvestre, Desert Lily, Hesperocallis (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 4 feet
in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas,
slopes, plains, flats, valleys, sand dunes, washes and fine sandy soils,
occurring below 2,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation)
This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 86, 108*
Nolina microcarpa S. Watson: Beargrass, Palmilla, Sacahuista, Small-seed Nolina, Sotol Chiquito (terrestrial perennial evergreen graminoid, subshrub or shrub (3 to 4 feet in height and 6 feet in width with a flowering spike reaching to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rock outcrops, hills, gravelly and sandy slopes, bajadas, plains, flats, valleys and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 3,000 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 13, 15, 18, 24, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 80*
Zephyranthes longifolia W.B. Hemsley: Copper Zephyrlily, Rain Lily (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, hills, gravelly hillsides, rocky and sandy flats, sandy washes, creekbeds and pockets of soil in rocky outcrops, occurring from 4,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77, 80, 85, 86*
Family Najadaceae: The Waternymph Family
Najas major (see Najas marina)
Najas marina C. Linnaeus (Najas major C. Linnaeus): Holly-leaf Water Naiad, Holly-leaf Waternymph, Holly-leaved Water Nymph, Spiny Naiad (aquatic annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from ponds and lakes, occurring from 2,500 to 4,000 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Family Poaceae (Gramineae): The Grass Family
Achnatherum speciosum (C.B. von Trinius & F.J. Ruprecht) M.E. Barkworth (Stipa speciosa (C.B. von Trinius & F.J. Ruprecht) M.E. Barkworth): Desert Needlegrass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, rocky hills and plains, occurring from 2,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24 (Stipa speciosa Trinius & Ruprecht var. specisoa), 33, 46, 48, 77*
Agrostis semiverticillata (see Polypogon viridis)
Andropogon barbinodis (see Bothriochloa barbinodis)
Aristida adscensionis C. Linnaeus: Sixweeks Threeawn, Six-weeks Three-awn Grass, Zacate Cola de Zorra, Zacate Tres Barbas (terrestrial annual graminoid (3 to 30 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, plateaus, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and disturbed areas, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 77, 105*
Aristida californica G. Thurber ex S. Watson var. glabrata G. Vasey (Aristida glabrata (G. Vasey) A.S. Hitchcock): Santa Rita Threeawn (terrestrial perennial graminoid (12 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, mesas, foothills, gravelly and sandy bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46, 48, 105*
Aristida glabrata (see Aristida californica var. glabrata)
Aristida glauca (see Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi)
Aristida hamulosa (see Aristida ternipes var. gentilis)
Aristida parishii (see Aristida purpurea var. parishii)
Aristida purpurea var. glauca (see Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi)
Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall var. nealleyi (G. Vasey) K.W. Allred (Aristida glauca (C.G. Nees von Esenbeck) W.G. Walpers, Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall var. glauca (C.G. Nees von Esenbeck) A. Holmgren & N. Holmgren): Blue Threeawn, Nealley Three-awn, Reverchon Threeawn, Tres Barbas, Tres Barbas Purpurea (terrestrial perennial graminoid (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, plains, flats and roadsides, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48 (sp.), 77*
Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall var. parishii (A.S. Hitchcock) K.W. Allred (Aristida parishii A.S. Hitchcock): Parish’s Threeawn, Threeawn (terrestrial perennial graminoid (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been range reported from rocky slopes, hills and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,500 to 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48 (sp.), 77*
Aristida purpurea T. Nuttall var. purpurea: Perennial Three-awn, Purple Needle-grass, Purple Threeawn, Tres Barbas Purpurea (terrestrial perennial graminoid (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, hills, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation). *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 48 (sp.), 77, 105*
Aristida ternipes A.J. Cavanilles var. gentilis (J.S. Henrickson) K.W. Allred (Aristida hamulosa J.S. Henrickson): Hook Threeawn, Mesa Threeawn, Poverty Threeawn, Spidergrass, Threeawn, Zacate Arana de Tres (terrestrial perennial graminoid (16 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, plateaus, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46 , 58, 77*
Aristida ternipes A.J. Cavanilles var. ternipes: Spidergrass, Zacate Arana (terrestrial perennial graminoid (16 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, plateaus, rocky, gravelly and sandy slopes, hills, gravelly and sandy bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 33, 46*
Avena fatua C. Linnaeus: Flaxgrass, Oatgrass, Wheat Oats, Wild Oat (terrestrial annual graminoid (1 to 4 feet in height); within the range
of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, sandy bajadas,
roadsides, along washes, low-lying areas and disturbed areas, occurring below
8,250 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological
formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this
plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 24,
33, 46, 68, 77, 101*
Bothriochloa barbinodis (M. Lagasca y Segura) W.G. Herter (Andropogon barbinodis M. Lagasca y Segura): Algodonero, Bristlejoint Bluestem, Cane Beard Grass, Cane Bluestem, Perforated Bluestem, Pinhole Beardgrass, Pinhole Bluestem, Popotillo, Zacate Popotillo, Zacatón (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial graminoid (2 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 30, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Bouteloua aristidoides (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.H. Grisebach: Aceitilla, Navajita, Needle Grama, Pasto Cabra (Hispanic), Six-weeks Needle Grama, Tochite (Hispanic), Zacate Saitillo (terrestrial annual graminoid (2 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from dry mesas, canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along sandy washes and streambeds, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 30, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 105*
Bouteloua barbata M. Lagasca y Segura (Bouteloua barbata M. Lagasca y Segura var. barbata [superfluous autonym]): Navajita Annual, Sixweeks Grama, Zacate Liebrero (terrestrial annual graminoid (2 to 15 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, sandy bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 105*
Bouteloua barbata var. barbata (see Bouteloua barbata)
Bouteloua barbata var. rothrockii (see Bouteloua rothrockii)
Bouteloua curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey: Avenilla (Hispanic), Banderilla (Hispanic), Banderita (Hispanic), Grama del Cerro (Hispanic), Navajita Banderilla, Sideoats Grama, Uitsaku Juatarhu (Purépecha) (terrestrial perennial graminoid (15 to 30 inches in height and 2 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes and hills, occurring from 1,800 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is a larval food plant for the Orange Skipperling (Copaeodes aurantiacus). This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 24, 30, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 82, 105*
Bouteloua filiformis (see Bouteloua repens)
Bouteloua repens (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill (Bouteloua filiformis (E.P. Fournier) D. Griffiths): Navajta Rastrera, Large Mesquite Grama, Slender Grama, Zacate Sabanilla (terrestrial perennial graminoid (12 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, foothills, rocky and dry gravelly slopes, flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring below 5,600 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Bouteloua rothrockii G. Vasey (Bouteloua barbata M. Lagasca y Segura var. rothrockii (G. Vasey) F.W. Gould): Navajita Liebrero, Rothrock’s Grama (terrestrial perennial graminoid (10 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hills, rocky slopes, sandy bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 2,300 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Bouteloua trifida G. Thurber: China, Navajita, Navajita Roja, Red Grama, Three-awn Grama (terrestrial perennial graminoid (4 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, rocky and sandy slopes, plains and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 77*
Brachiaria arizonica (see Urochloa arizonica)
Bromus carinatus W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott: Arizona Brome, Basiawari (Hispanic), Basicuáare (Hispanic), Bromo de California (Hispanic), California Brome, Camaloti (Hispanic), Grama (Hispanic), Masiyague (Hispanic), Mountain Brome, Pipillo (Hispanic), Pipilo (Hispanic), Tigrillo (Hispanic), Tupikua (Purépecha), Zacate (Hispanic), Zacate Bromo (Hispanic) (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial graminoid (16 to 48 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, moist meadows, roadsides, along washes, streambeds, near ponds and damp soils, occurring from 2,200 to 9,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) Bromes (Bromus sp.) can be hosts of the Ergot Fungus (Claviceps sp.) which has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 24, 30, 33, 46, 58, 77, 80, 101*
Bromus rubens C. Linnaeus: Bromo, Bromo Rojo, Foxtail Brome, Foxtail Chess, Red Brome (terrestrial annual graminoid (8 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,300 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. Bromes (Bromus sp.) can be hosts of the Ergot Fungus (Claviceps sp.) which has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 105*
Cenchrus echinatus C. Linnaeus: Burgrass, Cadillo (Hispanic), Ch’ohool (Hispanic), Common Sandbur, Field Sandbur, Huizapol (Hispanic), K´iith (Hispanic), K´iith Toom (Hispanic), Konpeito-gusa, Ojo de Arriera (Hispanic), Ojo de Hormiga (Hispanic), Sandbur, Se Mbulabula, Southern Sandbur, T´oxol (Hispanic), Vao Tui Tui, Zacate de Abrojo (Hispanic) (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 36 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from sand dunes, roadsides, strands, waste places, disturbed areas and sandy soils, occurring from 1,300 to 2,500 (one record from 6,600 feet in conifer forest) feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) The barbed spines of the burs are painful to humans beings and animals, sometimes causing inflammation and infection. *5, 6, 24, 30, 33, 46, 68*
Chloris crinita M. Lagasca y Segura (Trichloris crinita (M. Lagasca y Segura) L.R. Parodi, Trichloris mendocina (R.A. Philippi) F. Kurtz): False Rhodes Grass, Feather Fingergrass, Multiflowered Chloris (terrestrial perennial graminoid (24 to 44 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, hills, plains and flats, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46, 58*
Chloris elegans (see Chloris virgata)
Chloris virgata O. Swartz (Chloris elegans K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth): Barbas de Indio (Hispanic), Cola de Zorra, Feather Fingergrass, Plumerito (Hispanic), Showy Chloris, Verdillo (Hispanic), Zacate de Cola de Zorra (Hispanic), Zacate Lagunero (Hispanic) (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, streambeds, ditches, swales, waste places, disturbed areas and damp soils, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 30, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77*
Cottea pappophoroides K.S. Kunth: Cotta Grass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (2 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hills, sandy bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains, occurring from 2,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 77*
Cynodon dactylon (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon: Acabacahuiztle (Hispanic), Acacahuitzli (Nahuatl), Bermudagrass, Bramilla (Hispanic), Canzuuc (Maya), Devil Grass, European Bermuda Grass, Gallitos (Hispanic), Grama (Hispanic), Grama de la Costa (Hispanic), Gramilla (Hispanic), Grana (Hispanic), Guix-biguiñi (Zapoteco), Lan-suuk (Maya), Pasto Bermuda (Hispanic), Pasto Estrella (Hispanic), Pata de Gallo (Hispanic), Pata de Perdiz (Hispanic), Pata de Pollo (Hispanic), Tsakam Toom (Hispanic), Zacate (Hispanic), Zacate Bermuda (Hispanic), Zacate Borrego (Hispanic), Zacate Chino (Hispanic), Zacate del Conejo (Hispanic), Zacate Inglés (Hispanic), Zacate Pilillo (Hispanic), Zaruue (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial graminoid (low-growing sodgrass); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, roadsides, seeps, moist soil along washes and banks of washes, streambeds, cienegas and disturbed areas, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 22, 24 (recorded as Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon var. dactylon), 30, 33, 46, 58, 63 (072906), 68, 77, 80, 101, 105, 109*
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (C. Linnaeus) C.L. von Wildenow: Crowfootgrass, Durban Crowfootgrass, Egyptian Grass, Egyptian Crowfootgrass (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, plains, roadsides, sandy washes, along streams, riverbeds, floodplains, coastal plains, disturbed areas and gravelly soils, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 24, 33, 46*
Dasyochloa pulchella (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.L. von Wildenow x P.A. Rydberg (Erioneuron pulchellum (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) T. Tateoka, Tridens pulchellus (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) A.S. Hitchcock): Desert Fluffgrass, Fluffgrass, Low Woollygrass, Zacate Borreguero (terrestrial perennial graminoid (3 to 6 inches); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky hills, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 77, 105*
Digitaria californica (G. Bentham) J.S. Henrickson (Trichachne californica (G. Bentham) M.A. Chase): Arizona Cottontop, California Cottontop, Cotton-top, Zacate Punta Blanca (terrestrial perennial graminoid or subshrub (1 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Distichlis spicata (C. Linnaeus) E.L. Greene (Distichlis spicata (C. Linnaeus) E.L. Greene var. stricta (J. Torrey) A.A. Beetle, Distichlis stricta (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene): Coastal Saltgrass, Desert Saltgrass, Inland Saltgrass, Marsh Spikegrass, Saltgrass, Seashore Saltgrass, Spicate Saltgrass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (4 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from seeps, springs, alkali flats, streambeds and wet, moist and alkaline soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 48, 68, 101, 105, 108*
Distichlis spicata var. stricta (see Distichlis spicata)
Distichlis stricta (see Distichlis spicata)
Echinochloa colona (C. Linnaeus) J.H. Link (Echinocloa colonum (C. Linnaeus) J.H. Link): Arroz del Monte (Hispanic), Junglegrass, Jungle Rice, Jungle Ricegrass, Leopard Grass, Watergrass, Zacate Pinto, Zacate Rayado, Zacate Tigre (terrestrial annual graminoid (8 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from pockets of soil on rocky outcrops, swales, streambeds, ditch banks, muddy shores, disturbed areas and moist, damp and sandy soils, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 30, 33, 46, 63 (072906), 68, 77, 101*
Echinochloa colona var. zonale
(see Echinochloa colona)
Echinocloa colonum (see Echinochloa colona)
Echinocloa colonum var. zonale
(see Echinochloa colona)
Elymus elymoides (C.S. Rafinesque) G.D. Swezey (Sitanion hystrix (T. Nuttall) J.G. Smith): Alkali Rye, Beardless Wild Rye, Bottlebrush Squirreltail, Creeping Wild Rye, Squaw Grass, Squirreltail (terrestrial perennial graminoid (6 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, dry rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, meadows, gravelly flats, sand dunes, floodplains and bottomlands, occurring from 2,000 to 11,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 68, 77*
Enneapogon desvauxii A.M. Palisot de Beauvois: Feather Pappusgrass, Nineawn Pappusgrass, Spike Pappusgrass, Wright Pappusgrass, Zacate Ladera, Zacate Lobero (terrestrial perennial graminoid (4 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, dry rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly flats, occurring from 3,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 16, 15, 24, 33, 46, 58, 77, 105*
Eragrostis cilianensis (C. Allioni) F. Vignolo-Lutati ex E.E. Janchen (Eragrostis megastachya (G.L. Koeler) J.H. Link: Amoresco (Hispanic), Candygrass, Lovegrass, Stinkgrass, Stinking Lovegrass, Strong-scented Lovegrass, Zacate Apestoso (Hispanic), Zacate Apestoso (Hispanic), Zacate Borreguero (Hispanic), Zacate de Amor Hediondo (Hispanic), Zacate Estepario (Hispanic) (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, sandy flats, roadsides, along washes, stream beds, bottomlands, waste places, disturbed areas and damp and gravelly soils; occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 30, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 101*
Eragrostis lehmanniana C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Lehmann Lovegrass, Zacate Africano, Zacate de Amor (terrestrial perennial graminoid (18 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and disturbed areas in woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 33, 46, 58, 77, 105*
Eragrostis lugens C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Amorseco Llorón (Hispanic), Chuchun-arimbicua (Hispanic), Cola de Zorra (Hispanic), Jiuatsiri eh' Eti (Purépecha), Mourning Lovegrass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (8 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky canyons, foothills, rocky slopes, among boulders, valleys, flood plains and sandy soils, occurring from 1,600 to 7,300 feet in elevation in the forest and woodland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 30, 46, 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Eragrostis megastachya (see Eragrostis cilianensis)
Eriochloa acuminata (J.S. Presl): K.S. Kunth var. acuminata (Eriochloa gracilis (E.P. Fournier) A.S. Hitchcock, Eriochloa lemmoni G. Vasey & F.L. Scribner var. gracilis (E.P. Fournier) F.W. Gould): Cupgrass, Southwestern Cupgrass, Tapertip Cupgrass (terrestrial annual graminoid (8 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, pockets of soil on rocky outcrops, flats, roadsides, along washes and streams, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring from 2,600 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 101*
Eriochloa aristata G. Vasey: Bearded Cupgrass, Zacate Taza Aristida (terrestrial annual graminoid (20 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, swales, roadsides, sandy washes, along streams, streambeds, riparian areas and damps and gravelly soils, occurring from 2,400 to 4,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46*
Eriochloa gracilis (see Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata)
Eriochloa lemmoni var. gracilis (see Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata)
Erioneuron pulchellum (see Dasyochloa pulchellah)
Festuca microstachys (see Vulpia microstachys var. microstachys)
Festuca octoflora (see Vulpia octoflora var. octoflora)
Heteropogon contortus (C. Linnaeus) A.M. Palisot de Beauvois ex J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes: Barba Negra, Tanglehead, Tanglehead Grass, Retorcido Moreno, Zacate Colorado (terrestrial perennial graminoid (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, ravines, plains, flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Hilaria belangeri (E.G. von Steudel) G.V. Nash var. belangeri: Common Curlymesquite, Creeping Curly-mesquite, Curly Mesquite Grass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (to 1 foot in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, plains and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 105*
Hilaria rigida (see Pleuraphis rigida)
Hordeum murinum C. Linnaeus subsp. glaucum (E.G. von Steudel) N.N. Tzvelev (Hordeum stebbinsii G. Covas): Barley, Smooth Barley, Wild Barley (terrestrial annual graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, valleys, along washes, riparian areas, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring below 9,000 feet in elevations in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Hordeum stebbinsii (see Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum)
Leptochloa dubia (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Green Sprangletop, Texas Crowfoot (terrestrial perennial graminoid (2 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from plateaus, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, hills and along washes, occurring from 2,600 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 48, 77, 105*
Leptochloa filiformis (see Leptochloa panicea subsp. brachiata)
Leptochloa fusca (C. Linnaeus) K.S. Kunth subsp. uninervia (J.S. Presl) A.S. Hitchcock & M.A. Chase (Leptochloa uninervia (J.S. Presl) A.S. Hitchcock & M.A. Chase): Mexican Sprangletop (terrestrial annual graminoid (12 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, along streams, ditch banks and moist waste places, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 68, 77, 101*
Leptochloa panicea (A.J. Retzius) J. Ohwi subsp. brachiata E.G. von Steudel) N. Snow (Leptochloa filiformis (J.B. de Lamarck) A.M. Palisot de Beauvpis): Mucronate Sprangletop, Red Sprangletop (terrestrial annual or perennial graminoid (4 to 28 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, buttes, rocky hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, roadsides, along washes and streams, stock tanks, playas, bosques, floodplains, riparian areas, disturbed areas and moist, rocky, gravelly, sandy, silty and clay soils, occurring from 500 to 5,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 85*
Leptochloa uninervia (see Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia)
Lycurus setosus (T. Nuttall) C.O. Reeder: Bristly Wolfstail (terrestrial perennial graminoid; within the range of this species it has been reported from open mesas and rocky and gravelly slopes, occurring below 5,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 77*
Melica frutescens F.L. Scribner: Woody Melic, Woody Melicgrass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (5 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, dry hills and slopes, occurring from 1,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 33, 46*
Muhlenbergia appressa C.O. Goodding: Devils Canyon Muhly, Spreading Littleseed Muhly (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky canyons and sandy canyon bottoms, rock ledges, foothills, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, rock crevices, among boulders and rocks, swales, flats, along washes, creeks and streams and moist, gravelly, sandy, loam and clay soils, occurring from 1,500 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 85*
Muhlenbergia dumosa F.L. Scribner ex G. Vasey: Bamboo Muhly, Liendilla Abierta (Hispanic), Otatillo (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial graminoid (32 to 84 inches height and 3 to 6 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mesas, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky cliffs, foothills, rocky hillsides, ledges, dry rocky slopes, valleys, ravines, along streams and streambeds, riparian areas and sandy loam soils, occurring from 1,400 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant is a larval food plant for the Orange Skipperling (Copaeodes aurantiacus). This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 18, 24, 30, 33, 46, 82, 85*
Muhlenbergia emersleyi G. Vasey: Bullgrass, Cola de Zorra (terrestrial perennial graminoid (2 to 4 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, among rocks, flats and along washes and streambeds, occurring from 2,600 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 18, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Muhlenbergia fragilis J.R. Swallen: Annual Muhly, Delicate Muhly (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyon bottoms, hillsides, dry rocky slopes, pockets of soil on rocky outcrops, terraces, valley flats, sandy washes, streambeds, along creeks, riparian areas and moist, rocky, gravelly, sandy and clay soils, occurring form 1,100 to 6,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46, 58, 85*
Muhlenbergia microsperma (A.P. de Candolle) C.B. von Trinius: Liendrilla Chica (Hispanic), Liendrilla Fina y Liendrilla Chica (Hispanic), Littleseed Muhly (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 28 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 30, 33, 46, 63 (083006), 77*
Muhlenbergia monticola (see Muhlenbergia tenuifolia)
Muhlenbergia porteri F.L. Scribner ex W.J. Beal: Bush-grass, Bush Muhly, Mesquitegrass, Zacate Aparejo (terrestrial perennial graminoid or subshrub (1 to 3 feet in height and 1½ to 3 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Muhlenbergia rigens (G. Bentham) A.S. Hitchcock: Deer Grass, Deergrass, Liendrilla de Venado (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial graminoid (2 to 5 feet in height and 4 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from plateaus, canyons, rocky slopes, meadows, flats and along washes and stream beds, occurring from 2,500 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornament. *5, 6, 15, 24, 18, 30, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) C.B. von Trinius (Muhlenbergia monticola S.B. Buckley): Mesa Muhly, Slimflower Muhly, Slender Muhly (terrestrial annual or perennial graminoid (8 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, cliffs, rocky hills, rocky slopes, ledges, rock crevices, among boulders, meadows, along washes and creeks, gulches, draws, riparian areas and rocky and gravelly soils, occurring from 2,600 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46, 63 (090706), 77, 85 (090706)*
Panicum antidotale A.J. Retzius: Blue Panic, Blue Panicgrass, Blue Panicum, Giant Panic Grass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (32 inches to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and rivers, arroyos, riparian forests, flood plains, disturbed areas and sandy soils, occurring from 1,300 to 4,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 58, 63 (090706), 80, 85 (090706), 105*
Panicum arizonicum (see Urochloa arizonica)
Panicum capillare var. hirticaule (see Panicum hirticaule var. hirticaule)
Panicum hallii G. Vasey (var. hallii is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Hall’s Panic, Hall Panicum, Hall’s Panicum, Hall’s Panicgrass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (8 to 28 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky hills, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among boulders, prairies, sandy plains, along washes and gravelly clay, gravelly loam and heavy clay soils, occurring from 2,500 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46, 63 (090706), 80 (gen.), 85 (090706), 105*
Panicum hirticaule J.S. Presl var. hirticaule (Panicum capillare C. Linnaeus var. hirticaule (J.S. Presl) F.W. Gould): Mexican Panicgrass, Roughstalk Witchgrass, Witchgrass (terrestrial annual graminoid (6 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from dry rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, roadsides, seeps, along sandy washes, streambeds, disturbed areas and damp soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 30 (sp.), 33, 46, 77, 80*
Panicum obtusum K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Grapevine Mesquite, Vine Mesquite, Vine Mesquite Grass, Wiregrass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (8 to 32 inches in length, with runners up to 10 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from swales, pastures, mud flats, rocky drainages and bottomlands, occurring from 1,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is useful in binding soils and controlling erosion. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 80 (gen.), 105*
Pennisetum ciliare (C. Linnaeus) J.H. Link (Cenchrus ciliaris C. Linnaeus): African Foxtail, Anjangrass, Buffelgrass, Bufle, Cadillo Buffel (Hispanic), Huizapol (Hispanic), Sandbur, Zacate Buffle (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial graminoid (10 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,200 to 2,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 16, 22, 24, 30, 33, 46, 77*
Pennisetum ruppelii (see Pennisetum setaceum)
Pennisetum setaceum (P. Forsskal) E. Chiovenda (Pennisetum ruppelii E.G. von Steudel): African Fountain Grass, Annual Fountain Grass, Crimson Fountaingrass, Fountain Grass, Plumitas, Purple Fountain Grass Tender Fountain Grass, Zacate de la Fuente (terrestrial perennial graminoid (12 to 32 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, bajadas, flats, roadsides, washes, streams, creeks and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,100 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 16, 22, 24, 33, 46, 77*
Phalaris minor A.J. Retzius: Alpisillo, Alpiste Silvestre, Littleseed Canarygrass (terrestrial annual graminoid (6 to 36 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, along washes, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring from 150 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 16, 24, 33, 46, 77, 101*
Phragmites australis (A.J. Cavanilles) C.B. Trinius ex E.G. von Steudel (Phragmites communis C.B. Trinius): Common Reed, Giant Reed Grass, Reed Grass (terrestrial perennial graminoid subshrub or shrub (6½ to 13 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, flats, springs, cienegas, marshes, along stream, creek and river banks, lake shores, riparian areas, irrigation canals and wet, moist, dry and sandy soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 16, 24, 30, 33, 46, 77, 85*
Phragmites communis (see Phragmites australis)
Pleuraphis rigida G. Thurber (Hilaria rigida (G. Thurber) G. Bentham): Big Galleta, Galleta Grande, Tobosa (terrestrial perennial graminoid (1 to 4 feet in height and to 6 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, buttes, foothills, rocky hills, rocky slopes, bajadas, rocky and sandy plains, sand dunes, washes, depressions, disturbed areas and rocky sandy, gravelly sandy, sandy and heavy alluvial soils, occurring below 4,600 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 48, 63 (081006), 80, 85 (081006) 105, 108*
Poa annua C. Linnaeus: Annual Bluegrass, Dwarf Meadowgrass, Low Speargrass, Walkgrass (terrestrial annual graminoid (2 to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from seeps, streambeds, ditch banks, cienegas, waste places, disturbed areas and moist and damp soils, occurring from 500 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. Bluegrasses (Poa sp.) can be hosts of the Ergot Fungus (Claviceps sp.) which has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 18, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 80, 101*
Poa bigelovii G. Vasey & F.L. Scribner: Bigelow’s Bluegrass, Zacate Azule Nativo (terrestrial annual or biennial graminoid (6 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats and along sandy washes, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Bluegrasses (Poa sp.) can be hosts of the Ergot Fungus (Claviceps sp.) which has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80*
Polypogon monspeliensis (C. Linnaeus) R.L. Desfontaines: Annual Beardgrass, Annual Rabbitsfoot Grass, Rabbit-foot Grass, Rabbitfoot Polypogon (terrestrial annual graminoid (6 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from seeps, springs, streambeds, ditches, cienegas, waste places and wet, moist and damp soils, occurring from 300 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 101*
Polypogon viridis (A. Gouan) M.A. Breistroffer (Agrostis semiverticillata (P. Forsskal) C.F. Christensen): Beardless Rabbitsfoot Grass, Cola de Ardilla (Hispanic), Cola de Zorra (Hispanic), Cola de Zorrillo (Hispanic), Water Bent, Water Bentgrass (terrestrial perennial graminoid (4 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from seeps, springs, along streams, streambeds, lake shores and wet and damp soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 24, 30, 33, 46*
Schismus arabicus C.G. Nees von Esenbeck: Arabiangrass, Arabian Schismus, Zacate Arabe (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 8 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 33, 46, 68, 77*
Schismus barbatus (P. Loefling ex C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung: Common Mediterranean Grass, Mediterraneangrass, Zacate Mediterrane Comun (terrestrial annual graminoid (4 to 8 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77*
Setaria grisebachii E.P. Fournier: Grisebach’s Bristlegrass, Ola de Zorra (terrestrial annual graminoid (6 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, pockets of soil in rocky outcrops, flats, along washes and streambeds and damp soils, occurring from 2,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 33, 46, 58, 77*
Setaria liebmanni E.P. Fournier: Bristlegrass, Liebmann’s Bristlegrass (terrestrial annual graminoid (6 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, hills, rocky slopes, washes and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,600 to 3,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 33, 46, 77*
Setaria macrostachya (see Setaria vulpiseta)
Setaria vulpiseta (J.B. de Lamarck) J.J. Roemer & J.A. Shultes (Setaria macrostachya K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth): Assaak, Plains Bristlegrass, Xikkaa Kiix, Zacate Tempranero, Zacate Temprano (terrestrial perennial graminoid (1 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, dry plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds, occurring from 2,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 105*
Sorghum halepense (C. Linnaeus) C.H. Persoon: Johnsongrass, Zacate Johnson (terrestrial perennial graminoid (2 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, ditch banks, cienegas, low-lying areas, waste places, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring below 6,000 feet elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 101, 105*
Sporobolus airoides (J. Torrey) J. Torrey: Alkali Sacaton, Sacaton, Zacaton, Zacaton Alcalino (terrestrial perennial graminoid (24 to 42 inches in height and 3 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, plateaus, mesas, canyons, hills, rocky slopes, meadows, flats, sand hummocks, roadsides, springs, along sandy washes, bosques, floodplains, bottomlands, swampy areas, cienegas, edges of pools, playas, disturbed areas and moist, rocky, gravelly, clay and silty soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18, 24, 33, 46, 48, 77, 85, 105*
Sporobolus coromandelianus (see Sporobolus pyramidatus)
Sporobolus cryptandrus (J. Torrey) A. Gray: Covered-spike Dropseed, Sand Dropseed, Zacate de Arena (terrestrial perennial graminoid (16 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyon bottoms, rocky, gravelly and sandy slopes, meadows, plains, gravelly flats, dunes, swales, roadsides, along washes, arroyos, draws, riverbeds, disturbed areas and moist and gravelly clay and sandy loam soils, occurring below 7,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 58, 77, 85, 105*
Sporobolus flexuosus (G. Thurber ex G. Vasey) P.A. Rydberg: Mesa Dropseed (terrestrial perennial graminoid (16 inches to 4 feet in height; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, hills, rocky slopes, among boulders, plains, swales, dunes, roadsides, washes, river banks and beds and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,700 to 6,000 feet in elevation; useful as an ornamental in the woodland, scrub, grasslands, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 48, 85*
Sporobolus pulvinatus (see Sporobolus pyramidatus)
Sporobolus pyramidatus (J.B. de Lamark) A.S. Hitchcock (Sporobolus coromandelianus (A.J. Retzius) K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth [misapplied], Sporobolus pulvinatus J.R. Swallen,): Madagascar Dropseed, Whorled Dropseed (terrestrial annual or perennial graminoid (2 to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, bajadas, sandy plains, sandy flats, dunes, swales, roadsides, coastal plains, springs, washes, arroyos, creeks, sandy floodplains, perennial ponds, playas, disturbed areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 7,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 85*
Stipa speciosa (see Achnatherum speciosum)
Trichachne californica (see Digitaria californica)
Trichloris crinita (see Chloris crinita)
Trichloris mendocina (see Chloris crinita)
Tridens eragrostoides (G. Vasey & F.L. Scribner) G.V. Nash: Lovegrass Tridens (terrestrial perennial graminoid (14 to 40 inches in height); within the
range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, canyons, dry
slopes, along washes and rocky loam and sandy soils, occurring from 2,600 to
3,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24,
33, 46, 77*
Tridens muticus (J. Torrey) G.V. Nash var. muticus: Slim Tridens, Tridente (terrestrial perennial graminoid (12 to 15 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, flats and along washes, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 48, 77, 105*
Tridens pulchellus (see Dasyochloa pulchella)
Triticum aestivum C. Linnaeus: Common Wheat, Cultivated Wheat, Wheat (terrestrial annual graminoid (24 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, plains, road sides, washes, streams, river banks and beds, riparian areas, disturbed areas and rocky and sandy soils, occurring from 600 to 8,700 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 58, 77, 80*
Urochloa arizonica (F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill) O. Morrone & F.O. Zuloaga (Brachiaria arizonica (F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill) S.T. Blake, Panicum arizonicum F.L. Scribner & E.D. Merrill): Arizona Panicgrass, Arizona Panicum, Arizona Signalgrass, Piojillo de Arizona (terrestrial annual graminoid (6 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, sandy flats, roadsides, ephemeral seeps and along washes and streambeds, occurring from 1,000 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58, 68, 77*
Vulpia microstachys (T. Nuttall) W. Munro var. microstachys: (Festuca microstachys T. Nuttall): Desert Fescue (terrestrial annual graminoid (6 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mountainsides, slopes, among rocks, roadsides, along creeks and riparian areas, occurring from 4,000 to 5,200 feet in elevation) *5, 6, 24, 33, 46, 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Vulpia octoflora (T. Walter) P.A. Rydberg (Festuca octoflora T. Walter): Sixweeks Fescue (terrestrial annual graminoid (3 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, soil pockets in rock outcrops, gravelly flats, streambeds and damp soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 33, 46, 58*
Family Potamogetonaceae: The Pondweed Family
Potamogeton pectinatus (see Stuckenia
pectinatus)
Stuckenia pectinatus (C. Linnaeus) C.J. Börner (Potamogeton pectinatus C. Linnaeus): Sago Pondweed (aquatic perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from springs, stock tanks, ponds, lakes and cienegas, occurring from 1,000 to 7,400 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Family Ruppiaceae: The Ditch-grass Family
Ruppia cirrhosa (V. Petagna) L. Grande (Ruppia maritima C. Linnaeus): Beaked Witch-grass, Spiral Ditchgrass, Widgeon Grass (aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from beach drifts, hot springs, esteros and in pools, ponds, lakes and bays, occurring below 2,800 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is browsed by ducks. *5, 6, 24, 85*
Family Typhaceae: The Cat-tail Family
Typha angustifolia (see note in Typha domingensis)
Typha domingensis C.H. Persoon (Arizona specimens historically referred to as Typha angustifolia C. Linnaeus): Narrow-leaf Cattail, Southern Cattail, Tule (semi-aquatic perennial forb/herb (4 to 7 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from springs, along streams and streambeds, creeks and rivers, sloughs, pools, marshy areas, in shallow water, at the edges of lakes and ponds and moist soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in the wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 108*
Family Zannichelliaceae: The Horned-pondweed Family
Zannichellia palustris C. Linnaeus: Common Poolmat, Horned Pondweed, Horned Poolmat (aquatic perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from springs, creeks, slow streams, rivers, marshes, ditches, cienegas, ponds, lakes and irrigation ditches, occurring in wetland ecological formations within the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 58*
CLASS
MAGNOLIOPSIDA: The DICOTS
Family Acanthaceae: The Acanthus Family
Anisacanthus thurberi (J. Torrey) A. Gray (5): Anisacanthus, Chuparosa, Colegayo, Desert Honeysuckle, Thurber Anisacanthus, Thurber’s Desert-honeysuckle (terrestrial perennial cold deciduous shrub (3 to 8 feet in height) (6); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky canyon bottoms and along gravelly and sandy washes and streambeds, occurring from 2,300 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is browsed by wildlife and the flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds. The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 58, 77, 91*
Beloperone californica (see Justicia californica)
Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray: Arizona Carlowrightia, Arizona Wrightwort, Lemilla, Rama de Toro, Wrightwort (terrestrial annual or perennial subshrub or shrub; within the range of this species it has been range reported from rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 2,500 to 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Dicliptera resupinata (M. H. Vahl) A. L. de Jussieu: Arizona Dicliptera, Arizona Foldwing, Dicliptera, Foldwing, Purple Drop, Twin Seed (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes and floodplains, occurring from 3,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46*
Jacobinia candicans (see Justicia candicans)
Jacobinia ovata (see Justicia candicans)
Justicia californica (G. Bentham) D. Gibson (Beloperone californica G. Bentham): Beloperone, California Beloperone, California Justicia, Chuparosa, Desert Hummingbird Bush, Honeysuckle, Hummingbird-bush, Rama Parda, Water-willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and along gravelly and sandy washes and watercourses, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The nectar-rich flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and eaten by linnets and sparrows. The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental, recovers quickly from frost damage. *5, 6, 10, 13, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 77, 86, 91, 108*
Justicia candicans (C.G. Nees von Esenbeck) L.D. Benson (Jacobinia candicans (C.G. Nees von Esenbeck) G. Bentham & W.J. Hooker f., Jacobinia ovata A. Gray): Arizona Water-willow, Chuparosa, Hierba Azul, Jacobinia, Rama del Toro (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (2 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky foothills, hillsides, rocky slopes, bajadas, among rocks, rocky gorges, arroyos, along washes and streams, riparian areas and rocky soils, occurring from 400 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis) have been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 18, 24, 28, 46, 85, 91*
Justicia longii (Siphonoglossa longiflora)
Ruellia nudiflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) I. Urban var. nudiflora: Common Wild Petunia, Longneck Ruellia, Oregano de China, Ruellia, Violet Ruellia, Violet Wild Petunia, Wild Petunia (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, foothills, rocky slopes, bajadas, swales, flats, banks of arroyos, along rocky and sandy washes, along streams and on floodplains usually among rocks, occurring below 4,200 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 77, 85*
Siphonoglossa longiflora (J. Torrey) A. Gray (Justicia longii R.A. Hilsenbeck): Long-flowered Justicia, Longflowered Tubetongue, Tubetongue, Siphonoglossa, White Needle Flower (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (8 to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky foothills, hillsides, rocky slopes, among boulders and rocks, springs, along washes, riparian areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,700 to 4,700 feet tin elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant is browsed by wildlife and has flowers that are fragrant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 85*
Family Aizoaceae: The Fig-marigold Family
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum C. Linnaeus: Common Iceplant, Crystalline Iceplant, Ice Plant (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (to 3 inches in height with stems 8 to 24 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, slopes, sandy flats, valleys, roadsides, sandy beaches, disturbed areas and sandy soils, occurring below 2,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 22, 24, 46*
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum C. Linnaeus: Slender-leaf Iceplant (terrestrial
annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been
reported from roadsides, floodplains, disturbed areas and low wet areas,
occurring from 1,100 to 1,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland
formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 22,
24,
46*
Trianthema portulacastrum C. Linnaeus: Black Pigweed, Desert Horsepurslane, Desert Purslane, Giant Pigweed, Horse Purslane, Phak Bia Hin, Pigweed, Purslane, Verdolaga Blanca, Verdolaga Rastrera (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, flats, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77*
Family Amaranthaceae: The Amaranth Family
Amaranthus albus C. Linnaeus (Amaranthus graecizans auct. non C. Linnaeus, Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson): Cochino, Prostrate Amaranth, Prostrate Pigweed, Quelite Manchado, Stiff Tumbleweed, Tumbleweed, Tumbleweed Amaranth, Tumble Pigweed, White Amaranth, White Pigweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 to 48 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,500 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 68, 101*
Amaranthus blitoides (see Amaranthus albus)
Amaranthus fimbriatus (J. Torrey) G. Bentham ex S. Watson: Bledo, Fringed Amaranth, Fringed Pigweed, Quelite, Quelitillo, Toothed Amaranth (terrestrial annual forb/herb (12 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, sandy flats and sandy washes, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 68*
Amaranthus graecizans (see Amaranthus albus)
Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson: Bledo, Carelessweed, Palmer Amaranth, Palmer Pigweed, Pigweed, Red-root Pigweed, Quelite, Quiltite de las Aguas (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 6 feet in height, sometimes taller to 15 feet); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 101, 108*
Amaranthus tucsonensis J.S. Henrickson: Tucson Amaranth, Tucson Pigweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, occurring from 2,600 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This species was not found in either BONAP or NRCS Plants Database. *5, 6, 24, 77*
Gomphrena sonorae J. Torrey: Ball Clover, Globe Amaranth, Sonoran Globe Amaranth (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from bases of cliffs, hills, rocky slopes and plains, occurring from 2,600 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Tidestromia lanuginosa (T. Nuttall) P.C. Standley: Espanta Vaqueras, Herba Lanuda, Hierba Ceniza, Honeysweet, Woolly Honeysweet, Woolly Tidestromia (terrestrial annual forb/herb (3 to 18 inches in height, up to 5 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Family Anacardiaceae: The Sumac Family
Rhus aromatica var. trilobata (see Rhus trilobata var. trilobata)
Rhus trilobata T. Nuttall: Agrillas (Hispanic), Agrito (Hispanic), Chascarillo, Ill-scented Sumac, Lantrisco, Lemita, Lemonade Berry, Lemonade Sumac, Lentisco, Limonita, Skunk-bush, Skunkbush Sumac, Squaw-bush, Threeleaf Sumac (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (1 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons and canyon bottoms, hillsides, slopes, meadows, along streams and washes, riparian areas, disturbed areas and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 2,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 28, 30, 46, 48, 63 (no record on species - 090706), 85 (090706), 108*
Rhus trilobata T. Nuttall var. trilobata (Rhus aromatica W. Aiton var. trilobata (T. Nuttall) A. Gray ex S. Watson): Agrillas (Hispanic), Agrito (Hispanic), Chascarillo, Ill-scented Sumac, Lantrisco, Lemita, Lemonade Berry, Lemonade Sumac, Lentisco, Limonita, Skunk-bush, Skunkbush Sumac, Squaw-bush, Threeleaf Sumac (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (2 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, slopes, riparian areas, occurring from 2,500 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 28, 30 (sp.), 46, 48 (sp.), 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae): The Carrot Family
Bowlesia incana H. Ruiz Lopez & J.A. Pavon: American Bowlesia, Hairy Bowlesia, Hoary Bowlesia (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77*
Caucalis microcarpa (see Yabea microcarpa)
Daucus pusillus A. Michaux: American Carrot, American Wild Carrot, Rattlesnake Weed, Southwestern Carrot, Wild Carrot, Zanahoria Silvestre (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 28 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and floodplains, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) T. Coulter & J.N. Rose: Parish’s Biscuitroot (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas and rocky slopes, occurring from 3,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Spermolepis echinata (T. Nuttall ex A.P. de Condolle) A.A. Heller: Beggar’s Lice, Bristly Scaleseed, Scaleseed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Yabea microcarpa (W.J. Hooker & G.A Arnott) B.M. Koso-Poljansky (Caucalis microcarpa W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott): California Hedge Parsley, False Carrot, Hedge Parsley, Wild Parsley (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and gravelly flats, occurring below 4,600 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Apocynacaeae: The Dogbane Family
Haplophyton cimcidium (see Haplophyton crooksii)
Haplophyton cimcidium var. crooksii (see Haplophyton crooksii)
Haplophyton crooksii (L. Benson) L. Benson (Haplophyton cimcidium auct. non A.L. de Candolle [misapplied], Haplophyton cimcidium A.L. de Candolle var. crooksii L. Benson): Actimpatli, Atempatli, Arizona Cockroach Plant, Cockroachplant, Crooks Cockroachplant, Hierba-de-la-cucuracha (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (7 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, canyon bottoms, foothills, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among boulders and rocks, flood plains and riparian areas, occurring from 1,900 to 5,200 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the yellow flowers open in the evening and close in the early morning, this plant is slow growing and may be drought deciduous, it may be useful when planted with succulents in a rock garden. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 63 (082806), 77, 85 (082806), MBJ*
Family Aristolochiaceae: The Birthwort Family
Aristolochia watsoni E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley: Dutchman’s Pipe, Dutchman’s Pipevine, Hierba del Indio, Indian-root, Pipevine Flower, Raiz del Indio, Watson’s Dutchman’s Pipe, Watson Indian Root (terrestrial perennial deciduous (?) forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Family Asclepiadaceae: The Milkweed Family
Asclepias linaria A.J. Cavanilles: Algodoncillo (Hispanic), Atu'sh-jiuátsi (en Mich), Chiche de Burra (Hispanic), Chichivilla Cimarrona (Hispanic), Chucuipe (en Mich), Cinco Negritos (Hispanic), Cola de Gato (Hispanic), Guajito (Hispanic), Hierba de Cuervo (Hispanic), Hierba de Vibora (Hispanic), Hierba del Cuervo (Hispanic), Lumu Turhipiti Xukurhi (en Mich), Oreja de Liebre (Hispanic), Patito (Hispanic), Pineneedle Milkweed, Pinillo (Hispanic), Plumilla (Hispanic), Romerillo (Hispanic), Soliman (Hispanic), Talayote de Coyote (Hispanic), Torbisco (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial fob/herb or subshrub (16 inches to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, steep rock walls, hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky ledges, among rocks, along streams, around stock tanks and reservoirs, rocky sand bars, riparian areas and gravelly and sandy loam soils, occurring from 1,500 to 9,200 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 30, 46 (gen.), 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Asclepias nyctaginifolia A. Gray: Four O’clock Milkweed, Hierba Lechosa, Mojave Milkweed (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, plains, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46 (gen.), 58, 77*
Asclepias subulata J. Decaisne: Ajamete, Bedstraw Milkweed, Cadenilla Bronca, Desert Milkweed, Junete, Leafless Milkweed, Rush Milkweed, Yamate (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, sandy and gravelly plains, flats, roadsides and in washes, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 24, 28, 46 (gen.), 86, 91*
Cynanchum arizonicum (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Metastelma arizonicum A. Gray): Arizona Smallwort, Arizona Swallow-wort, Milkweed Vine (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 4,400 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Funastrum cynanchoides (J. Decaisne) F.R. Schlechter subsp. heterophyllum (A.M. Vail) J.T. Kartesz (Funastrum heterophyllum (G. Engelmann) P.C. Standley, Sarcostemma cynanchoides J. Decaisne subsp. hartwegii (A.M. Vail) L.H. Shinners): Climbing Milkweed, Guirote Lechosa, Hartweg Climbing Milkweed, Hartweg’s Twinevine (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine (8 to 40 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and along washes, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77*
Funastrum heterophyllum (see Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum)
Gonolobus parvifolius (see Matelea parvifolia)
Matelea cordifolia (A. Gray) R.E. Woodson (Rothrockia cordifolia A. Gray): Sonoran Milkvine, Sonoran Milkweed Vine (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, sandy plains and arroyos, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 24, 46*
Matelea parvifolia (J. Torrey) R.E. Woodson (Gonolobus parvifolius J. Torrey): Anglepod, Littleleaf Matelea, Little Leaf Milk Vine, Milkweed Vine, Small-leaf Anglepod, Small-leaved Milkvine, Spearleaf (terrestrial perennial shrub or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes and gravelly flats, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Metastelma arizonicum (see
Cynanchum arizonicum)
Rothrockia cordifolia (see
Matelea cordifolia)
Sarcostemma cynanchoides subsp. hartwegii (see Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum)
Family Asteraceae (Compositae): The Aster Family
Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus (W.H. Harvey & A. Gray ex A. Gray) A. Gray: Goldenhead, Rayless Goldenhead (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (1 to 2 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy mesas, slopes and plains, occurring from 1,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46*
Acourtia nana (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia nana A. Gray): Desert Holly, Dwarf Desertpeony (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (4 to 10 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, bajadas, slopes and gravelly flats, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) J.L. Reveal & G. King (Perezia wrightii A. Gray): Brownfoot, Desert Holly, Perezia, Pink Perezia (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, gravelly bajadas and flats, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Adenophyllum porophylloides (A. Gray) J.L. Strother (Dyssodia porophylloides A. Gray): San Felipe Adenophyllum, San Felipe Dogweed, San Felipe Dyssodia, San Felipe Fetid Marigold (terrestrial perennial subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly flats and washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 24, 28, 15, 46, 77*
Ageratina paupercula (A. Gray) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson (Eupatorium pauperculum A. Gray): Santa Rita Snakeroot (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, crevices in cliffs, rocky slopes, recesses under boulder, along streams and creeks, draws and wet and damp soils, occurring from 3,300 to 5,900 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reported to be white. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Ambrosia ambrosioides (A.J. Cavanilles) F.W. Payne (Franseria ambrosioides A.J. Cavanilles): Ambrosia Leaf Burr Ragweed, Canyon Ragweed, Chicura, Leaf Burr Ragweed (terrestrial perennial evergreen (leaves are cold and drought deciduous) subshrub or shrub (to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, rock crevices, roadsides, sandy washes and streambeds, occurring below 4,500 feet elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 28, 46, 77, 91*
Ambrosia confertiflora A.P. de Candolle (Franseria confertiflora (A.P. de Candolle) P.A. Rydberg): Altamisa de Playa, Bursage Ragweed, Estafiate, Field Ragweed, Slimleaf Bursage, Weakleaf Burr Ragweed, Weak-leaved Burweed (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, slopes, roadsides, washes, floodplains, waste places, disturbed areas and moist and rocky soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 63 (083006), 68, 77*
Ambrosia cordifolia (A. Gray) F.W. Payne (Fransera cordifolia A. Gray): Chicurilla, Sonoran Bursage, Tucson Burr Ragweed (terrestrial perennial (leaves are cold and drought deciduous) subshrub or shrub (28 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, arroyos, washes and floodplains, occurring from 1,500 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 77, 91*
Ambrosia deltoidea (J. Torrey) F.W. Payne (Franseria deltoidea J. Torrey): Burrobush, Bursage, Chamizo Forrajero, Chicurilla, Rabbit Bush, Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle-leaf Bursage, Triangle-leaf Burr Ragweed (terrestrial evergreen perennial subshrub or shrub (12 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, runnels and washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant acts as a nurse plant for Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants and may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 77, 91, 108*
Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) F.W. Payne (Franseria dumosa A. Gray): Burrobush, Burro Weed, Chamizo, Chicurilla, Hierba del Burro, White Bursage, White Burrobush (terrestrial perennial (leaves are cold and drought deciduous) subshrub or shrub (7 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, alluvial fans, gravelly plains, gravelly flats and dunes, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is a host for the parasitic Sand Root (Pholisma sonorae), acts as a nurse plant for Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and other woody plants and may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 77, 91, 108*
Antheropeas lanosum (A. Gray) P.A. Rydberg (Eriophyllum lanosum (A. Gray) A. Gray): White Easterbonnets, Woolly Daisy, Woolly Eriophyllum (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 1½ inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas and rocky and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,000 to 3,600 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Aplopappus acredenius (see Isocoma acradenia var. acradenia)
Aplopappus gracilis (see Machaeranthera gracilis)
Aplopappus laricifolius (see Ericameria
laricifolia)
Aplopappus spinulosus var. gooddingii (see Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. gooddingii var. gooddingii)
Artemisia dracunculoides (see Artemisia dracunculus)
Artemisia dracunculus C. Linnaeus (Artemisia dracunculoides F.T. Pursh): Dragon Wormwood, False Tarragon, False-tarragon Sagewort, French Tarragon, Green Sagewort, Silky Wormwood, Tarragon, True Tarragon, Wormwood (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (2 to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyon bottoms, bases of cliffs, hillsides, rocky slopes, meadows, ravines, among boulders, alluvial terraces, roadsides, streambeds, washes, creekbeds and rivers, flood plains, disturbed areas and gravelly sandy, sandy and rocky clay soils, occurring from 2,200 to 9,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Artemisia ludoviciana T. Nuttall: Louisiana Cudweed Sagewort, Gray Sagewort, Louisiana Sagewort, Louisiana Wormwood, Mugwort Wormwood, Prairie Sage, Sagewort, Silver Wormwood, White Sage, White Sagebrush (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (2 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, hills, rocky slopes, ridges, valleys, fence rows, stream beds, along washes, gulches, floodplains and rocky and sandy and rocky clay loam soils, occurring from 2,400 to 8,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 46, 58, 63 (080106), 85 (073006)*
Artemisia ludoviciana T. Nuttall subsp. albula (E.O. Wooton) K. Keck: Gray Sagewort, White Sage, White Sagebrush, White Sagewort (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (2 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, valleys, gulches, along washes and streambeds and fence rows, occurring from 2,500 to 8,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations; often on limestone) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 63 (080106), 77*
Aster tagetinus (see Machaeranthera tagetina)
Baccharis brachyphylla A. Gray: Shortleaf Baccharis, Short-leaved Baccharis (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from slopes, alluvial plains, gravelly flats, washes, floodplains and streambeds, occurring from 1,500 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Baccharis glutinosa (see Baccharis salicifolia)
Baccharis salicifolia (H. Ruiz Lopez & J.A. Pavon) C.H. Persoon (Baccharis glutinosa C.H. Persoon): Azumiate (Hispanic), Bachomo (Hispanic), Baldag Shi (Hispanic), Batamote (Hispanic), Broom Baccharis, Chamiso (Hispanic), Chamiso del Rio (Hispanic), Chilca, Cucamoarisha (Cora), Cuerepillo (Hispanic), Dsea Miis Ro (Hispanic), Dsea Miis Tee (Hispanic), False Willow, Gila Willow, Groundsel Tree, Guamate, Guatamote (Hispanic), Guatarote (Hispanic), Hierba del Pasmo (Hispanic), Huamate, Jara, Jara Amarilla (Hispanic), Jara Mexicana (Hispanic), Jaral (Hispanic), Jarilla (Hispanic), Mule’s Fat, Rosin Brush, Seep Willow, Seepwillow Baccharis, Sticky Baccharis, Togzten (Hispanic), Tu Ta’ Vi (Hispanic), Water Motie, Water Wally, Water Willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (32 inches to 13 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from along washes, streams and streambeds, rivers and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is useful in controlling watercourse erosion and slowing stream flow and may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 30, 46, 48, 58, 68, 77, 108*
Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray: Amargo, Broom Baccharis, Desert Broom, Desertbroom, Escoba, Hierba del Pasmo, Mexican Broom, Romerillo, Rosin Brush (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet high); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, flats, roadsides, along gravelly and sandy washes, along streams, streambeds, floodplains, bottomlands and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, consider planting only male plants to eliminate seed production. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 58, 77, 108*
Baileya multiradiata W.H. Harvey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Baileya del Desierto, Cloth-of-gold, Desert Baileya, Desert Marigold, Hierba Amarilla, Many-flowered Desert-marigold, Paper Daisy, Wild Marigold (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb (6 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, dry slopes, bajadas, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides and washes, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 58, 68, 77, 80, 86, 108*
Baileya pleniradiata W.H. Harvey & A. Gray: Tecomblate, Desertmarigold Baileya, Woolly Desert Marigold, Woolly Marigold (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb (12 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, bajadas, plains, sandy flats, alkali flats, sand hills, sand hummocks, dunes, sandy roadsides, sandy washes, arroyos, sandy river beds, disturbed areas and gravelly, sandy and silty soils, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (080106), 85 (073006)*
Bebbia juncea (G. Bentham) E.L. Greene var. aspera: Chuckwalla Delight, Junco, Sweetbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along sandy washes, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 46, 77*
Brickellia californica (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray: Brickellbush, California Brickellbush, Pachaba (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (2 to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, cliffs, rocky slopes and flats and along washes, occurring from 3,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Brickellia coulteri A. Gray (Brickellia coulteri A. Gray var. coulteri): Brickellbush, Coulter’s Brickellbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, floodplains and along washes and streambeds, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Brickellia frutescens A. Gray: Rigid Brickellbush, Shrubby Brickellbush, Shrubby Brickellia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (10 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, ridges, pocket of soil in rock outcrops, rocky slopes, crevices and rocky soils, occurring fro 2,000 to 4,100 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray: White Cupfruit, White Tackstem (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hillsides, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and sandy soils, occurring from 500 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 108*
Carthamus tinctorius C. Linnaeus: Safflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, bajadas, roadsides, springs, disturbed areas and along irrigation ditches, occurring from 1,000 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 24*
Centaurea melitensis C. Linnaeus: Cardo, Malta Centaurea, Malta Thistle, Maltese Centaury, Maltese Cockspur, Malta Starthistle, Maltese Star-thistle, Napa Starthistle, Saucy Jack, Tocalote (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, along ditch banks and washes, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 41, 46, 68, 77, 101*
Chaenactis carphoclinia A. Gray (var. carphoclinia is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Broadleaved Chaenactis, False Yarrow, Pebble False-yarrow, Pebble Pincushion, Pincushion Flower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, plains and along washes, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 63 (062606), 77*
Chaenactis stevioides W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott (Chaenactis stevioides W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott var. stevioides): Broad-leaved Chaenactis, Desert Pincushion, Esteve False Yarrow, Esteve Pincushion, Pincushion Flower, Steve’s Dustymaiden (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from dry mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Cirsium neomexicanum A. Gray: Desert Thistle, New Mexico Thistle, Mexican Thistle (terrestrial biennial or perennial forb/herb (to 6 feet high); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Conyza canadensis (C. Linnaeus) A.J. Cronquist var. canadensis (Erigeron canadensis C. Linnaeus): Blood Stanch, Canada Fleabane, Canadian Fleabane, Canadian Horseweed, Horsetail Conyza, Horseweed, Mare’s Tail (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (3 inches to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, washes, floodplains, waste land, disturbed areas and moist and sandy soils, occurring below 7,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77, 101 (sp.)*
Conyza coulteri (see Laennecia coulteri)
Dyssodia cocinna (see Thymophylla concinna)
Dyssodia porophylloides (see Adenophyllum porophylloides)
Dyssodia thurberi (see Thymophylla pentachaeta var. belenidium)
Eclipta alba (see Eclipta prostrata)
Eclipta prostrata (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus (Eclipta alba (C. Linnaeus) J.C. Hasskarl: Eclipta, False Daisy, White Eclipta, White Heads, Yerba de Tago, Yerba de Tajo (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from along streams, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey: Brittlebush, Button Brittlebush, Goldenhills, Hierba Cenisa, Hierba de Gusano, Hierba de las Animas, Hierba del Vaso, Incienso, Rama Blanca, White Brittlebush (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (18 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, flats and washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 18, 28, 46, 48, 58, 86, 91, 108*
Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey var. farinosa: Brittlebush, Button Brittlebush, Goldenhills, Hierba Cenisa, Hierba de Gusano, Hierba de las Animas, Hierba del Vaso, Incienso, Rama Blanca, White Brittlebush (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (18 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, flats and washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13 (sp.), 15, 18 (sp.), 24, 46 (sp.), 48 (sp.), 77, 91 (sp.)*
Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex J. Torrey x Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray var. frutescens *24*
Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray var. frutescens: Button Brittlebush, Green Brittlebush, Rayless Encelia (terrestrial perennial (leaves are drought deciduous) subshrub or shrub (3 to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, flats, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 24, 28, 15, 46 (sp.), 77, 91*
Ericameria cuneata (A. Gray) A.J. McClatchie var. spathulata (A. Gray) W. Hall (Haplopappus cuneatus A. Gray var. spathulatus (A. Gray) J. Blake ex P.A. Munz): Cliff Goldenbush, Desert Rock Goldenbush, Wedgeleaf Golden Weed (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (12 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky ledges, rocks and crevices in boulders and rocks, occurring from 3,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13 (sp.), 15, 24, 46, 77*
Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus (Aplopappus) laricifolius A. Gray): Larch-leaf Goldenweed, Turpentine Bush, Turpentine Brush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, plains and flats, occurring from 3,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Erigeron canadensis (see Conyza canadensis)
Erigeron divergens J. Torrey & A. Gray: Diffuse Daisy, Fleabane, Fleabane Daisy, Green Rabbit Bush, Spreading Fleabane (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, roadsides, along washes and floodplains, occurring from 1,000 to 9,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 86*
Erigeron lobatus A. Nelson: Desert Fleabane, Fleabane, Lobed Daisy, Lobed Fleabane (terrestrial biennial forb/herb (4 to 9 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, lava flows, plains, seeps, stream beds, along sandy washes, arroyos and rivers, occurring from 600 to 6,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 8, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (080106), 77, 85 (073006)*
Eriophyllum lanosum (see Antheropeas lanosum)
Eupatorium pauperculum (see Ageratina paupercula)
Eupatorium solidaginifolium (see Koanophyllon solidaginifolium)
Evax multicaulis (see Evax verna var. verna)
Evax verna C.S. Rafinesque var. verna C.S. Rafinesque (Evax multicaulis A.P. de Candolle): Cotton-rose, Evax, Manystem Evax, Rabbit Tobacco, Roundhead Rabbit-tobacco, Spring Pygmycudweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from slopes and rocky and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,500 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 63 (083006), 77*
Filago arizonica A. Gray: Arizona Cottonrose, Arizona Filago, Arizona Fluffweed, Arizona Herba Impia (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, ridges and rocky and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,000 to 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Filago californica T. Nuttall: California Cottonrose, California Filago, California Fluffweed, Herba Impia (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 500 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Filago depressa A. Gray: Dwarf Cottonrose, Dwarf Filago (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and along sandy washes, occurring from 2,000 to 4,400 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Franseria ambrosioides (see Ambrosia ambrosioides)
Franseria confertiflora (see Ambrosia confertiflora)
Fransera cordifolia (see Ambrosia cordifolia)
Franseria deltoidea (see Ambrosia deltoidea)
Franseria dumosa (see Ambrosia dumosa)
Gaillardia arizonica A. Gray: Arizona Blanketflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hills, plains, sandy flats and washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Geraea canescens J. Torrey & A.Gray: Desert Gold, Desert Sunflower, Hairy Desertsunflower, Hairy-headed Sunflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rock outcrops, gravelly and sandy hillsides, sand dunes, sandy flats, desert pavement, sandy roadsides, along arroyos, disturbed areas gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 86, 108*
Gnaphalium palustre T. Nuttall: Cudweed, Lowland Cudweed, Marsh Everlasting, Western Marsh Cudweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, meadows, rocky ledges and outcrops, seeps, washes, along creeks, dry river channels, around stock tanks, mud flats, floodplains, sandbars, riparian areas and moist soils, occurring below 5,900 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 101*
Gnaphalium wrightii (Pseudognaphalium canescens subsp. canescens)
Greenella arizonica (see Gutierrezia arizonica)
Gutierrezia arizonica (A. Gray) M.A. Lane (Greenella arizonica A. Gray): Arizona Snakeweed (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, slopes, bajadas, plains and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Gutierrezia sarothrae (F.T. Pursh) N.L. Britton & H.H. Rusby: Broombrush, Broom Snakeweed, Broomweed, Cayaye, Hierba de la Vibora, Hierba de San Nicolas, Matchbrush, Matchweed, Perennial Broomweed, Perrenial Snakeweed, Resinweed, Round-head Broomweed, Sheepweed, Stinkweed, Snakeweed, Turpentineweed, Yellowtop, Yellow-weed, Yerba de San Nicholas (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (6 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, clearings in forests, stony plains, flats, roadsides, along washes and gravelly, sandy, loam and clayey soils, occurring from 2,800 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 80, 86, 101*
Gymnosperma glutinosum (C.P. Sprengel) C.F. Lessing (Selloa glutinosa C.P. Sprengel): Cola de Zorro, Escobilla, Glutinous Gymnosperma, Gumhead, Hierba Pegajosa, Jarilla, Jucu Ndede, Mariquita, Motita, Moto, Nakedseed Weed, Pegajosa, Tatalencho, Tata Lencho, Xonequilitl, Zazal (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, washes and streambeds, occurring from 1,000 feet to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 28, 46, 77*
Haplopappus acredenius (see Isocoma acradenia var. acradenia)
Haplopappus cuneatus var. spathulatus (see Ericameria cuneata var. spathulata)
Haplopappus gracilis (see Machaeranthera gracilis)
Haplopappus laricifolius (see Ericameria
laricifolia)
Haplopappus spinulosus var. gooddingii (see Machaeranthera pinnatifida subsp. gooddingii var. gooddingii)
Helianthus annuus C. Linnaeus: Annual Sunflower, Common Sunflower, Isoauringonkukka, Kansas Sunflower, Mirasol, Sunflower, Wild Artichoke, Wild Sunflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to13 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from foothills, bajadas, plains, flats, roadsides, creeks, ditch banks, waste places, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring below 7,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 58, 68, 77, 80, 86, 101*
Hoffmeisteria laphamioides (see Pleurocoronis laphamioides)
Hymenoclea monogyra J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Burrobrush, Jecota, Leafy Burrobush, Leafy Burrobrush, Romerillo, Singlewhorl Burrobrush (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 13 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from sandy washes, streambeds and floodplains, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is useful in controlling erosion and may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 91*
Hymenoclea salsola J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray: Burrobrush, Cheeseweed, Jecota, Romerillo, White Burrobrush, White Cheesebush (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (2 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, alluvial plains, flats, arroyos, sandy washes, streambeds. alluvial plains, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is useful in the re-vegetation of disturbed sites and may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 91, 108*
Hymenoclea salsola J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray var. pentalepis: Burrobrush, Cheesebush, Cheeseweed, Jecota, Romerillo, White Burrobrush, White Cheesebush (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, plains, flats, arroyos, gravelly and sandy washes, streambeds and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is useful in the revegetation of disturbed sites and plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 91*
Hymenothrix wislizeni A. Gray: Golden Ragweed, TransPecos Thimblehead, Wislizenus Beeflower (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this
species it has been reported from mesas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, disturbed areas and sandy
soils, occurring from 2,500 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub
ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Isocoma acradenia (E.L. Greene) E.L. Greene var. acradenia (Aplopappus acredenius (E.L. Greene) J. Blake, Haplopappus acredenius (E.L. Greene) J. Blake: Alkali Goldenbush, Alkali Golden Weed, Alkali Jimmyweed (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet high); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, saline flats, terraces, roadsides, along washes, creeks and streams, riparian scrublands, alkaline and sandy and moist loam soils and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 80*
Koanophyllon solidaginifolium (A. Gray) G. King & H.E. Robbins (Eupatorium solidaginifolium A. Gray): Boneset, Shrubby Thoroughwort (terrestrial perennial subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons and rocky slope, occurring from 3,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 63 (062406), 77*
Lactuca serriola C. Linnaeus: China Lettuce, Compass Plant, Horse Thistle, Milk Thistle, Prickly Lettuce, Wild Lettuce, Wild Opium (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (1 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 8,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 101*
Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom (Conyza coulteri A. Gray): Conyza, Coulter Conyza, Coulter Marshtail (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, plains, washes, river bottoms, floodplains, moist soils, adjacent to riparian areas and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,500 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77, 80*
Lygodesmia exigua (see Prenanthella exigua)
Machaeranthera arida B.L. Turner & J. Horne (Machaeranthera coulteri (A. Gray) B.L. Turner & J. Horne var. arida (B.L. Turner & J. Horne) B.L. Turner, Psilactis coulteri A. Gray): Arid Spiny Daisy, Arid Tansyaster, Silver Lake Daisy (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, roadsides, floodplains and riverbanks and bottoms, occurring from 200 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 80*
Machaeranthera asteroides J. Torrey var. glandulosa B.L. Turner (Machaeranthera hansonii A. Nelson): Golenweed, Hanson’s Fall Tansyaster, Machaeranthera, Tansyaster (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, among boulders, roadsides, along washes and creeks, floodplains, riparian areas, disturbed areas and sandy soils from 1,800 to 6,900 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 48 (gen.), 80, 85*
Machaeranthera carnosa (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom var. carnosa: Shrubby Alkaliaster (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from salty flats 1,000 to 1,100 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 48 (gen.), 80*
Machaeranthera coulteri var. arida (see Machaeranthera arida)
Machaeranthera gracilis (T. Nuttall) L.H. Shinners (Haplopappus gracilis (T. Nuttall) A. Gray): Goldenweed, Slender Goldenweed, Yellow Daisy, Yellow Spiny Daisy (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, dry plains and along washes, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80*
Machaeranthera hansonii (see Machaeranthera asteroides var. glandulosa)
Machaeranthera pinnatifida (W.J. Hooker) L.H. Shinners subsp. gooddingii (A. Nelson) B.L. Turner & C.J. Hartman var. gooddingii (A. Nelson) B.L. Turner & C.J. Hartman (Aplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Condolle var. gooddingii A. Nelson, Haplopappus spinulosus (F.T. Pursh) A.P. de Candolle var. gooddingii A. Nelson): Cutleaf Ironplant, Goodding’s Tansyaster, Lacy Tansyaster, Spiny Haplopappus (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and disturbed areas, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (083006), 80*
Machaeranthera tagetina E.L. Greene (Aster tagetinus (E.L. Greene) J. Blake): Mesa Tansyaster, Tansyleaf Spine Aster (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, riverbanks, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,500 to 4,600 feet elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80*
Malacothrix californica var. glabrata (see Malacothrix glabrata)
Malacothrix fendleri A. Gray: Desert Dandelion, Fendler’s Desertdandelion (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 6 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, hills, rocky slopes, sandy plains, flats, roadsides, along washes, riparian areas and sandy soils, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Malacothrix glabrata (A. Gray ex D.C. Eaton) A. Gray (Malacothrix californica var. glabrata A. Gray ex D.C. Eaton): California Desert-dandelion, Desert Dandelion, Smooth Desertdandelion (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly and sandy flats, washes and sandy soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Malacothrix sonorae W.S. Davis & J.E. Raven: Sonoran Desertdandelion (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, cocky canyons and canyon bottoms, cliffs, hillsides, rocky slopes, gulches, along streams, washes and creeks, riparian areas and moist and sandy soils, occurring from 800 to 6,600 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 63 (080206), 85 (080206)*
Microseris lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) A. Gray (Microseris linearifolia (T. Nuttall) C.H. Schultz: Hierba de Pasmo, Uropappus lindleyi (A.P. de Candolle) T. Nuttall, Uropappus linearifolius T. Nuttall): Lindley’s Silverpuffs, Linearleaf Microseris, Narrowleaf Microseris, Silver Puffs, Starpoint (terrestrial annual forb/herb (12 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, bajadas, plains, roadsides, sandy washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the forest, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 63 (083006), 77*
Microseris linearifolia (see Microseris lindleyi)
Monoptilon bellioides (A. Gray) H.M. Hall: Desert Daisy, Mohave Desertstar, Rock Daisy (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 2 inches in height and 1 to 10 inches in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and sandy slopes, rocky and gravelly flats, along washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 200 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 77, 86*
Packera quercetorum (E.L. Greene) C. Jeffrey (Senecio quercetorum E.L. Greene): Oak Creek Ragwort (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, draws, among rocks, along streams and creeks and riparian areas, occurring from 2,300 to 6,800 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetlands ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46*
Palafoxia arida B.L. Turner & J. Morris var. arida (Palafoxia linearis (A.J. Cavanilles) M. Lagasca y Segura): Desert Needles, Desert Palafox, Desert Palafoxia, Spanish Needles (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, sandy plains, sand dunes, roadsides, alluvial plains, sandy flats, sandy washes, bottomlands, sandy and gravelly soils and disturbed areas, occurring below 2,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 85*
Palafoxia linearis (see Palafoxia arida var. arida)
Parthenice mollis A. Gray: Annual Monsterwort (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 7 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, bajadas, along washes and streambeds, occurring from 3,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58*
Pectis linifolia C. Linnaeus (Pectis linifolia C. Linnaeus var. linifolia): Narrowleaf Lemmonweed, Romero Macho (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from shaded canyons, slopes, sandy flats and floodplains, occurring from 2,600 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 77*
Pectis linifolia var. linifolia (see Pectis linifolia)
Pectis papposa W.H. Harvey & A. Gray var. papposa: Chinchweed, Chinchweed Fetidmarigold, Desert Chinchweed, Fetid Marigold, Limoncillo, Manybristle Chinchweed, Manzanilla de Coyote (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 8 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, streambeds and sandy soils, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46 (sp.), 86, 108*
Perezia nana (see Acourtia nana)
Perezia wrightii (see Acourtia wrightii)
Perityle ajoensis T.K. Todsen: Ajo Rock Daisy, Ajo Rockdaisy (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 12 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from cliffs, rock faces, benches and crevices, occurring from 2,600 to 4,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 9, 24, 85*
Perityle emoryi J. Torrey: Desert Rock Daisy, Emory’s Rockdaisy, Emory Rocklily, Rock Daisy (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from cliffs, rocky slopes, crevices in boulders and washes, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 77*
Pleurocoronis laphamioides (J.N. Rose) R.M. King & H.E. Robinson [excluded] (Hoffmeisteria laphamioides J.N. Rose [excluded]): Arrow Leaf (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC. *5, 6, 24, 46 (gen.), 63 (062406)*
Pluchea odorata (C. Linnaeus) A.H. de Cassini (var. odorata is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona, Pluchea purpurascens (O. Swartz) A.P. de Candolle): Marsh Fleabane, Sweetscent (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from wet meadows, around springs, river bottoms, bosques, marshes, ponds and lakes, disturbed areas and wet, sandy and silty clay soils, occurring from 600 to 2,800 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (083006), 85*
Pluchea sericea (T. Nuttall) F.V. Coville (Tessaria sericea (T. Nuttall) L.H. Shinners): Arrowweed, Arrowweed Pluchea, Arrowwood, Marsh Fleabane (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from along streams, rivers and ditches, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is a host for the parasitic Sand Root (Pholisma sonorae) and is browsed by deer. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 24, 28, 46, 48, 108*
Porophyllum gracile G. Bentham: Deerweed, Hierba del Venado, Odora, Poreleaf, Slender Poreleaf (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 28 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and washes, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Prenanthella exigua (A. Gray) P.A. Rydberg (Lygodesmia exigua A. Gray) Brightwhite, Feeble Prenanthella: (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky outcrops, gravelly ridges, talus slopes, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, lava flows and slides, desert pavement, desert varnish, roadsides, sandy washes and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, gypsum soils, silty soils and clay loam soils, occurring from 700 to 5,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (080106), 77, 80, 85 (080106)*
Pseudognaphalium canescens (A.P. de Candolle) W.A. Weber subsp. canescens (Gnaphalium wrightii A. Gray): Everlasting, Gordolobo, Wright’s Cudweed (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes and hills, occurring from 3,500 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 63 (083006), 77*
Psilactis asteroides (see Machaeranthera asteroides var. asteroides).
Psilactis coulteri (see Machaeranthera arida)
Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) E.L. Greene: Cooper Paperflower, Paper Daisy, Paper Flower, Whitestem Paperflower, Yellow Paper Daisy (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (4 inches to 2 feet in height and 8 to 20 inches in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 80, 86*
Rafinesquia californica T. Nuttall: California Chicory, California Plumeseed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and washes, occurring from 3,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 77, 80*
Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray: Desert-hicory, Desert Dandelion, Goatsbeard, New Mexico Plumeseed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky, gravelly and sandy slopes and plains, occurring from 200 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86, 108*
Selloa glutinosa (see Gymnosperma glutinosum)
Senecio douglasii var. monoensis (see Senecio flacciduss var. monoensis)
Senecio flaccidus C.F. Lessing var. monoensis (E.L. Greene) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkley (Senecio douglasii A.P. de Candolle var. monoensis (E.L. Greene) W.L. Jepson, Senecio monoensis E.L. Greene): Comb Butterweed, Creek Senecio, Groundsel, Mono Groundsel, Mono Ragwort, Sand Wash Groundsel, Shrubby Ragwort, Threadleaf Groundsel, Threadleaf Ragwort (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (12 to 32 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, floodplains and streambeds, occurring from 1,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 63 (083006), 77, 86 (sp.)*
Senecio lemmonii A. Gray: Groundsel; Lemmon Butterweed, Lemmon Groundsel, Lemmon’s Ragwort (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountain slopes, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Senecio monoensis (see Senecio flaccidus var. monoensis)
Senecio mohavensis A. Gray: Mojave Groundsel, Mojave Ragwort (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, crevices in boulders, rocky hillsides, bajadas, flats, draws, along washes and riparian areas, occurring below 2,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Senecio quercetorum (see Packera quercetorum)
Sonchus asper (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill (Sonchus asper (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill subsp. asper [superfluous autonym]): Achicoria Dulce, Cerraja, Chinita, Prickly Sowthistle, Rough Sowthistle, Sow Thistle, Spinyleaf Sowthistle, Spiny Sowthistle (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, slopes, roadsides, washes, ditch banks, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 8,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 30, 58, 68, 77, 80, 101*
Sonchus asper subsp. asper (see Sonchus asper)
Sonchus oleraceus C. Linnaeus: Achicoria (Hispanic), Achicoria Dulce (Hispanic), Annual Sowthistle, Borraja (Hispanic), Borrajilla (Hispanic), Cardo (Hispanic), Cerraja (Hispanic), Chicalotillo (Hispanic), Chicoria (Hispanic), Chicoria (Purépecha), Colewort, Common Sowthistle, Diente de León (Hispanic), Endivia (Hispanic), Grespino Commune (Hispanic), Hare’s Lettuce, Hierba del Golpe (Hispanic), Kaalivalvatti (Hispanic), Lechuguilla (Hispanic), Matalí Morado (Hispanic), Milk Thistle, Mitihuaraca (Hispanic), Muela de Caballo (Hispanic), Smooth Sowthistle, Sow Thistle, Tlamatsalin (Michoacán), Tskutsuk Chekamiti (Purépecha) (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, ditch banks, floodplains, waste places, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 30, 46, 68, 77, 80, 101*
Stephanomeria exigua T. Nuttall var. exigua (Stephanomeria exigua T. Nuttall var. pentachaeta (D.C. Eaton) H.M. Hall): Annual Mitra, Small Stephanomeria, Small Wirelettuce, Wire Lettuce (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been range reported from mesas, hills, plains, sand dunes and gravelly sandy and sandy soils, occurring from 400 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Stephanomeria pauciflora (J. Torrey) A. Nelson (Stephanomeria pauciflora (J. Torrey) A. Nelson var. pauciflora): Brownplume Wirelettuce, Desert Straw, Small-flowered Wirelettuce (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, sandy plains, roadsides, along washes and floodplains, occurring from 150 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Stylocline gnaphalioides T. Nuttall: Everlasting Neststraw, Mountain Neststraw (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, hillsides, gravelly and sandy flats, along washes, riparian areas and gravelly, sandy and silty soils, occurring from 500 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 77, 85 (051006)*
Stylocline micropoides A. Gray: Desert Neststraw, Woollyhead Fambract, Woollyhead Neststraw (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, rocky and gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 500 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Tessaria sericea (see Pluchea sericea)
Thymophylla concinna (A. Gray) J.L. Strother (Dyssodia cocinna (A. Gray) P.A. Robins): Dogweed, Manzanilla de Coyote, Sonoran Pricklyleaf (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, alluvial fans, plains, valleys and floodplains, occurring from 1,000 to 2,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (080106), 77, 85 (073006)*
Thymophylla pentachaeta (A.P. de Candolle) J.K. Small var. belenidium (A.P. de Candolle) J.L. Strother (Dyssodia thurberi (A. Gray) A. Nelson): Firehair Dogweed, Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf, Thurber Dysodia (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,800 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 18 (sp.), 24, 46, 63 (083006)*
Townsendia annua J.H. Beaman: Annual Townsend Daisy (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 2 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hills and flats, occurring from 1,400 to 5,900 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Trichoptilium incisum A. Gray: Yellowdome, Yellow Head (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 8 inches); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy mesas, hillsides, ridge tops, slopes, rocky banks, along arroyos and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 3,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 86*
Trixis californica A. Kellogg (Trixis californica A. Kellogg var. californica [superfluous autonym]): American Threefold, American Trixis, Arizona Green Plant, California Trixis (terrestrial perennial (leaves are cold and drought deciduous) subshrub or shrub (1 to 3½ feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, among boulders and rocks, flats and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86, 91*
Trixis californica var. californica (see Trixis californica)
Uropappus lindleyi (see Microseris lindleyi)
Uropappus linearifolius (see Microseris lindleyi)
Viguiera deltoidea var. parishii (see Viguiera parishii)
Viguiera parishii E.L. Greene (Viguiera deltoidea A. Gray var. parishii (E.L. Greene) G. Vasey & J.N. Rose): Ariosa, Golden Eye, Parish’s Goldeneye, Parish Viguiera (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (2 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from dry mesas, canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, gravelly and sandy plains, among boulders, bajadas and along washes and arroyos, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 24, 28, 46, 91*
Zinnia acerosa (A.P. de Condolle) A. Gray (Zinnia pumila A. Gray): Desert Zinnia, Spinyleaf Zinnia, White Zinnia, Wild Zinnia (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (6 to 12 inches in height and to 2 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from dry mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky hills and rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, ridge tops, terraces, gravelly bajadas, sandy alluvial fans, gravelly flats, roadsides, valley bottoms, floodplains, riparian areas and gravelly silt/loam soils, occurring from 1,5000 to 9,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 85 (052006)*
Family Berberidaceae: The Barberry Family
Berberis haematocarpa (see Mahonia haematocarpa)
Berberis harrisoniana T.H. Kearney & R.H. Peebles: Harrison’s Barberry, Kofa Barberry, Kofa Mahonia, Kofa Mountain Barberry, Red Barberry (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (1½ to 9 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, cliffs, rocky slopes, talus slopes and among boulders, occurring from 2,200 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is a secondary host of the black stem rust of cereal grains. This plant is reputed to be sometimes poisonous to livestock. *5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 24, 28, 46*
Mahonia haematocarpa (E.O. Wooton) F.K. Fedde (Berberis haematocarpa E.O. Wooton): Algerita, Arizona Algerita, Mexican Barberry, Red Barberry, Red Mahonia (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (2 to 7 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains and mountain slopes, mesas, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky hills and hillsides, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides, dry rocky stream beds and banks, gravelly sandy washes, sandy arroyos, disturbed areas and rocky, gravelly soils and rocky silty soils, sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils, occurring from 1,400 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The berries are eaten by birds and mammals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental; the flowers are reported to be fragrant. This plant is a secondary host of the black stem rust of cereal grains. This plant is reputed to be sometimes poisonous to livestock. *5, 6, 13, 24, 28 46, 63 (081206), 77, 85 (081206)*
Family Bignoniaceae: The Trumpet-creeper Family
Chilopsis linearis (A.J. Cavanilles) R. Sweet subsp. arcuata (F.R. Fosberg) J.S. Henrickson (Chilopsis linearis (A.J. Cavanilles) R. Sweet var. arcuata F.R. Fosberg): Desert Catalpa, Desert Willow, Flowering Willow, Jano, Mimbre, Western Desert-willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (10 to 25 feet or more in height and 10 to 30 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from drainages, roadsides and along washes and streams located in mesas, foothills and plains, occurring from 1,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful in erosion control and as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18 (sp.), 24, 26 (sp.), 28 (sp.), 46, 52 (sp.), 53, 58, 74 (sp.), 91 (sp.)*
Family Boraginaceae: The Borage Family
Amsinckia echinata (see Amsinckia menziesii var, intermedia)
Amsinckia intermedia (see Amsinckia menziesii var, intermedia)
Amsinckia intermedia var. echinata (see Amsinckia menziesii var, intermedia)
Amsinckia menziesii (J.G. Lehmann) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbride var, intermedia (F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey) F.R. Ganders (Amsinckia echinata A. Gray, Amsinckia intermedia F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey, Amsinckia intermedia F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey var. echinata (A. Gray) I.L. Wiggins): Coast Fiddleneck, Common Fiddleneck, Fiddleneck, Devil’s Lettuce, Fiddleneck, Finger Weed, Kurttukeltalemmikki, Menzies Fiddleneck, Ranchers Fireweed, Sacoto Gordo, Tarweed, Yellow Burnweed, Yellow Burrweed, Yellow Forget Me Not, Yellow Tarweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 inches to 2½ feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 86, 101*
Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray: Bristly
Fiddleneck, Checker Fiddleneck, Checkered Fiddleneck, Devil’s Lettuce,
Tessellate Fiddle Neck, Western Fiddleneck (terrestrial
annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from
desert mountains, mesas, bajadas, gravelly flats, along sandy washes, disturbed
areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,200 to 3,600 feet in
elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77, 80*
Coldenia canescens (see Tiquilia canescens var. canescens)
Cryptantha angustifolia (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene: Bristlelobe Cryptantha, Cat’s-eye Panamint, Desert Cryptantha, Narrow-leaf Cryptantha, Narrow-leaved Forget-me-not, Narrow-leaved Nievitas, Narrow-leaved Popcorn Flower, Panamint Cryptantha, Peluda (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 10 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy flats and along sandy washes, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) E.L. Greene: Bearded Cat’s-eye, Bearded Cryptantha, Bearded Forget-me-not, Bearded Nievitas, Peluda (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky slopes, gravelly and sandy flats and washes, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Cryptantha maritima (E.L. Greene) E.L. Greene: Guadalupe Cat’s-eye, Guadalupe Cryptantha, White-haired Cryptantha, Whitehair Nievitas (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyon bottoms, flats and washes, occurring below 2,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 77*
Cryptantha pterocarya (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene var. cycloptera (E.L. Greene) J.F. Macbride: Wingnut Cat’s-eye, Wingnut Cryptantha, Wingnut Nievitas, Peluda (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes and rocky and gravelly flats and along washes, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46*
Harpagonella palmeri A. Gray var. arizonica I.M. Johnston: Arizona Harpagonella, Arizona Grapplinghook, Grappling Hook, Palmer Grapplinghook (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, benches and gravelly flats, occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15 (sp.), 16 (sp.), 24, 46, 58, 77 (sp.)*
Heliotropium curassavicum C. Linneaus: Alkali Heliotrope, Chinese-pusley, Cola del Mico (Monkey Tail), Hierba del Sapo, Monkey-tail, Quail-plant, Salt Heliotrope (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 16 inches high); within the range of this species it has been reported from valleys and moist saline soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The fruits are eaten by quail. *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 68, 80, 86, 108*
Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) E.L. Greene: Flatspine Stickseed, Stickseed (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (6 to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from dry plains, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 8,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 101*
Pectocarya heterocarpa (I.M. Johnston) I.M. Johnston: Chuckwalla Combseed, Chuckwalla Pectocarya, Hairyleaf Combbur, Hairy-leaved Combbur, Mixed-nut Comb-bur (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly slopes, flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 3,600 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Pectocarya platycarpa P.A. Munz & I.M. Johnston: Broadfruit Combseed, Broadnut Combbur, Broad-nutted Combbur, Broad-wing Comb-bur (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Pectocarya recurvata I.M. Johnston: Arched Bomb-bur, Archnut Combbur, Arch-nutted Combbur, Curvenut Combseed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly slopes, flats and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A. Gray) E.L. Greene ex A. Gray: Arizona Popcornflower, Bloodweed, Blood Weed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats, among rocks, washes, streambeds and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77, 80*
Plagiobothrys jonesii A. Gray: Jones Popcorn Flower, Mohave Popcornflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, among boulders, flats, valleys, roadsides, along washes, riparian areas and rocky, gravelly, sandy and sandy loam soils, occurring below 4,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 80*
Tiquilia canescens (A.P. de Candolle) A. Richardson var. canescens (Coldenia canescens A.P. de Candolle): Crinkle Mats, Gray Coldenia, Hierba de la Virgin, Oreja de Perro, Shrubby Coldenia, Woody Crinklemat (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 8 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, dry mesas, gravelly bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, dirt roads and rocky and calcareous soils, occurring below 3,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 63 (083006), 77*
Family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): The Mustard Family
Arabis eremophila (see Arabis perennans)
Arabis perennans S. Watson (Arabis eremophila E.L. Greene, Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W.A. Weber: Perennial Rockcress, Rock Cress, Stiff-arm Rock Cress (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountain slopes, rocky canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock crevices and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 63 (062606), 77*
Boechera perennans (see Arabis perennans)
Brassica eruca (see Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa)
Brassica nigra (C. Linnaeus) W.D. Koch: Black Mustard, Short-pod Mustard (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring below 8,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 68, 77, 101*
Brassica tournefortii A. Gouan: African Mustard, Asian Mustard, Mostaza, Mostaza Africana, Mostaza del Sahara, Sahara Mustard, Wild Turnip (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,100 to 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 28, 46, 77*
Caulanthus lasiophyllus (see Guillenia lasiophylla)
Caulanthus lasiophyllus var. utahensis (see Guillenia lasiophylla)
Descurainia pinnata (T. Walter) N.L. Britton: Green Tansy Mustard, Pamita, Pinnate Tansy Mustard, Sirolitutilli, Tansy Mustard, Western Tansymustard, Yellow Tansy Mustard (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (4 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 68, 77, 101*
Draba cuneifolia T. Nuttall ex J Torrey & A. Gray var. cuneifolia: Gasa, Wedgeleaf Draba, Wedgeleaf Whitlow Grass, Whitlow-grass, Whitlow-wort (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, rocky and gravelly flats, seeps and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46 (sp.)*
Eruca sericea G. Bentham? (see footnote under Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa)
Eruca vesicaria (C. Linnaeus) A.J. Cavanilles subsp. sativa (P. Miller) A. Thellung (Brassica eruca C. Linnaeus, Eruca sativa (P. Miller): Chacuacumba (Purépecha), Garden Rocket, Mostaza (Hispanic), Rabanillo (Hispanic), Rábano Blanco (Hispanic), Ranu-urapiti (Purépecha), Rocketsalad, Roquette (terrestrial annual forb/herb (32 to 48 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from slopes, flats, roadsides, washes, waste places, disturbed areas and sandy and loamy soils, occurring from 500 to 4,100 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC. *5, 6, 24 (recorded as Eruca sericea G. Bentham - unable to locate species records), 30, 46, 63 (081706)*
Erysimum capitatum (D. Douglas ex W.J. Hooker) E.L. Greene: Coast Wallflower, Desert Wallflower, Douglas’s Wallflower, Sanddune Wallflower, Western-wallflower (terrestrial biennial or perennial forb/herb or subshrub (6 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and sandy canyon bottoms, hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky ledges, meadows, slopes, flats, roadsides, stony banks, cienegas, riparian areas and rocky clay soils, occurring to 2,500 to 9,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 58, 86*
Guillenia lasiophylla (W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott) E.L. Greene (Caulanthus lasiophyllus (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) E.B. Payson, Caulanthus lasiophyllus (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) E.B. Payson var. utahensis (P.A. Rydberg) E.B. Payson, Thelypodium lasiophyllum (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) E.L. Greene): California Mustard, Cutleaf Thelypody, Wild Cabbage (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains, occurring below 3,600 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Lepidium densiflorum H.A. Schrader: Common Pepperweed, Greenflower Pepperweed, Miner’s Pepperweed, Miner’s Pepperwort, Peppergrass, Prairie Pepperweed (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from ledges, slopes, meadows, washes and riverbeds, riparian areas, rocky and sandy soils and disturbed areas, occurring from 900 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Lepidium lasiocarpum T. Nuttall: Hairypod Pepperweed, Sand Peppergrass, Shaggyfruit Pepperweed (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (1 to 15 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats, along washes, floodplains and disturbed sites, occurring below 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 68, 77*
Lepidium thurberi E.O. Wooton: Thurber Peppergrass, Thurber’s Pepperweed (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, roadsides and floodplains, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Lesquerella tenella A. Nelson: Delicate Bladderpod, Moapa Bladderpod, Palmer Bean Pod (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, bajadas, sand hills, flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,200 to 3,900 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 48 (gen.)*
Lyrocarpa coulteri W.J. Hooker & W.H. Harvey ex & W.H. Harvey var. coulteri: Coulter Lyrefruit, Coulter’s Lyrepod, Lyre Pod (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains canyons, sand dunes, washes and sandy rocky soils, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation; the flowers are reported to be fragrant) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Nasturtium microphyllum C.M. Boenninghausen ex H.G. Reichenbach (Rorippa microphylla (C.M. Boenninghausen ex H.G. Reichenbach) N. Hylander ex A. & D.B. Löve, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (C. Linnaeus) A. Hayek var. longisiliqua (J.F. Irmisch) B. Boivin): Onerow Yellowcress (semi-aquatic perennial forb/herb) EXOTIC. *5, 6. 24, 63 (090706), 85 (no records - 090706)*
Rorippa microphylla (see Nasturtium microphyllum)
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum var. longisiliqua (see Nasturtium microphyllum)
Schoenocrambe linearifolia (A. Gray) R.C. Rollins (Sisymbrium linearifolium (A. Gray) E.B. Payson): Slimleaf Plainsmustard (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (16 inches to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, hillsides, rocky slopes, meadows, among boulders, streams and stream and creek beds, along streams and creeks, ravines and sandy soils, occurring from 2,500 to 9,600 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 63 (090706), 85 (090706)*
Sisymbrium irio C. Linnaeus: London Rocket, Pamita, Pamiton, Rocket Mustard (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides, floodplains, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 101*
Sisymbrium linearifolium (see Schoenocrambe linearifolia)
Sisymbrium orientale C. Linnaeus: Indian Hedgemustard, Oriental Hedgemustard, Tumble Mustard (terrestrial annual forb/herb (3 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, springs, washes, riparian areas, disturbed areas and sandy clayish soils, occurring from 1,500 to 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 24, 77, 85*
Streptanthella longirostris (S. Watson) P.A. Rydberg: Long-beaded Twist Plant, Longbeak Fiddle Mustard, Longbeak Streptanthella, Long-beaked Twist Flower (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from sand hills, gypsum hills, sandy flats, lava flows, sand dunes and moist soils, sandy soils, sandy loam soils and gypsum soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (080106), 85 (080106)*
Streptanthus carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray: Lyreleaf Jewelflower, Lyreleaf Twistflower, Lyre-leaved Twistflower, Pecos Twist Flower, Silver Bells (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (1 to 3½ feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation) *5, 6, 8, 24, 46, 77*
Thelypodium lasiophyllum (see Guillenia lasiophylla)
Thelypodium wrightii A. Gray subsp. wrightii: Wright Thelypody (terrestrial biennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, slopes, roadsides, along washes and rich soils, occurring from 2,500 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 46, 24*
Thysanocarpus amplectens (see Thysanocarpus curvipes)
Thysanocarpus curvipes W.J. Hooker (Thysanocarpus curvipes W.J. Hooker var. elegans (F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey) B.L. Robinson; Thysanocarpus amplectens E.L. Greene): Lace Pod, Lacepod, Sand Fringepod (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, meadows, flats, along washes and floodplains, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Thysanocarpus curvipes var. elegans (see Thysanocarpus curvipes)
Family Burseraceae: The Frankincense Family
Bursera microphylla A. Gray: Copal, Elephant Bursera, Elephant Tree, Little Leaf Elephant Tree, Torote, Torote Colorado (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (10 to 26 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, canyons, cliffs, foothills, hillsides, rocky slopes, gravelly plains, flats and washes, occurring below 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental but is frost sensitive. *5, 6, 13, 24, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 91, 108*
Family Cactaceae: The Cactus Family
Carnegiea gigantea (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Cereus giganteus G. Engelmann): Giant
Cactus, Saguaro, Sahuaro (terrestrial perennial succulent tree (9 to
50 feet or more in height and 1 to 2½
feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from
desert mountains, canyon walls, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridges, foothills,
rocky and gravelly hills, rocky hillsides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats,
valleys, along washes and arroyos and rocky and gravelly soils, occurring from 600
to 5,100 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological
formations) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus), Costa’s
Hummingbird (Calypte costae),
Curved-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma
curvirostre), Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris
curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae) and
Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus)
have been observed visiting the flowers. Coyotes (Canis latrans), Javelina (Peccari
tajacu) and White-winged Doves (Zenaida
asiatica) as well as other birds and animals feed on the saguaro fruit and
seeds. Gila Woodpeckers (Melanerpes
uropygialis) and Gilded Flickers (Colaptes
chrysoides) make holes in this plant for their nests which are later
utilized by Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus
cinerascens), Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus
brunneicapillus), Elf Owls (Micrathene
whitneyi), House Finch (Carpodacus
mexicanus), Lucy’s Warbler (Vermivora
luciae), Purple Martins (Progne subis),
and Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus
brunneicapillus). Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo
jamaicensis), White-winged Doves (Zenaida
asiatica) and other birds nest on the arms of the plant. This plant may be
useful as an ornamental. One of the largest known saguaros, located in
Cereus giganteus (see Carnegiea gigantea)
Cereus greggii (see Peniocereus greggii)
Cereus greggii var. transmontanus (see Peniocereus greggii var. transmontanus)
Cereus schottii (see Pachycereus schottii)
Cereus striatus (see Peniocereus striatus)
Cereus thurberi (see Stenocereus thurberi)
Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) F.M. Knuth var. coloradensis (L.D. Benson) D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia acanthocarpa G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow var. coloradensis L.D. Benson): Colorado Buckthorn Cholla, Colorado Desert Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (4 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, hills, bajadas, slopes, benches, flats, desertscrubs, along washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 2,000 to 4,300 feet elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia acanthocarpa (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 24, 27, 28 (sp.), 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.), 53 (sp.)*
Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) F.M. Knuth var. major (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia acanthocarpa G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow var. major (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) L.D. Benson, Opuntia acanthocarpa G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow var. ramosa R.H. Peebles): Buckhorn Cholla, Major Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent treelike shrub (3 to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and sandy soils, occurring from 500 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia acanthocarpa (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 24, 27, 28 (sp.), 46, 48 (gen.), 53 (sp.), 77*
Cylindropuntia arbuscula (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia arbuscula G. Engelmann): Arizona Pencil Cholla, Bush Pencil Cholla, Pencil Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia arbuscula (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 24, 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 91, 108*
Cylindropuntia bigelovii (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia bigelovii G. Engelmann): Arizona Jumping Cactus, Ball Cholla, Cholla Guera, Jumping Cholla, Silver Cholla, Teddy Bear Cactus, Teddybear Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 5, or to 9 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountainsides, canyons, rocky slopes, talus slopes, hillsides, bajadas, plains, flats, along washes and arroyos and rocky and gravelly soils, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia bigelovii (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 18, 24 (recorded as Cylindropuntia bigelovii (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth var. bigelovii), 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 86, 91, 108*
Cylindropuntia fulgida (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia fulgida G. Engelmann): Chain Cholla, Chain-fruit Cholla, Cholla, Cholla Brincadora, Choya, Jumping Cholla, Sonora Jumping Cholla, Velas de Ccoyote (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub or tree (to 15 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, hillsides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia fulgida (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48, 52, 53, 77, 91, 108*
Cylindropuntia fulgida (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth var. fulgida (Opuntia fulgida G. Engelmann var. fulgida): Chain Cholla, Chain-fruit Cholla, Cholla, Cholla Brincadora, Choya, Jumping Cholla, Sonora Jumping Cholla, Velas de Ccoyote (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub or tree (to 15 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, hillsides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia fulgida (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 16 (sp.), 24, 27 (sp.), 28 (sp.), 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 52 (sp.), 53 (sp.), 77, 91*
Cylindropuntia fulgida (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth var. mammillata (H.W. Schott ex G. Engelmann) C. Backeberg (Opuntia fulgida G. Engelmann var. mammillata (H.W. Schott ex G. Engelmann) T. Coulter): Cholla Brincadora, Cholla, Jumping Cholla, Smooth Chain-fruit Cholla, Velas de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub or tree (to 15 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia fulgida (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 16 (sp.), 24, 27, 28 (sp.), 46, 48 (gen.), 53 (sp.), 58, 77, 91*
Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (A.P. de Candolle) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia leptocaulis A.P. de Candolle): Agujilla, Christmas Cactus, Christmas Cholla, Darning Needle Cactus, Desert Christmas Cactus, Desert Christmas Cholla, Diamond Cactus, Holycross Cholla, Pencil-joint Cholla, Pipestem Cactus, Rattail Cactus, Tajasilla, Tasajillo, Tesajo (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (to 3 feet in height and width); within the range for this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos, bottomlands and floodplains, occurring from 200 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia leptocaulis (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 18, 24, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 63 (083006), 77, 86, 91, 108*
Cylindropuntia ramosissima (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia ramosissima G. Engelmann): Branched Pencil Cholla, Darning Needle Cholla, Diamond Cholla, Diamond Plated Pencil Cholla, Holy Cross Cholla, Rattail Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, along washes and sandy soils, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia ramosissima (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 24, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 91, 108*
Cylindropuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia spinosior (G. Engelmann) J.W. Toumey): Cane Cholla, Cardenche, Handgrip Cholla, Spiny Cholla, Tasajo, Walkingstick Cactus, Walking Stick Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent subshrub, shrub or tree (8 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountainsides, canyons, hills, hillsides, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, valleys, along washes and arroyos and floodplains, occurring from 1,000 to over 6,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia spinosior (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 24, 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 53, 58, 77*
Cylindropuntia versicolor (G. Engelmann ex T. Coulter) F.M. Knuth (Opuntia versicolor G. Engelmann ex T. Coulter): Deer Horn Cactus, Deer Horn Cholla, Staghorn Cholla, Tree Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (to 15 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes and arroyos, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, varied flower colors between plants and the cascading sometimes purplish to reddish colored branches with pendulous bright yellow fruits make this an attractive plant. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains as Opuntia versicolor (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 16, 24, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Echinocactus visnaga (see Echinomastus erectocentrus)
Echinocereus engelmannii (C.C. Parry ex G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire: Engelmann’s Cactus, Engelmann Hedgehog, Engelmann’s Hedgehog Cactus, Hedgehog Cactus, Strawberry Cactus, Strawberry Echinocereus, Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus, Torch Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (stems 6 to 18 inches in height in clusters of 5 to 15 stems); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon, hillsides, plains along washes and in rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental) *5, 6, 12, 18, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 108*
Echinocereus engelmannii (C.C. Parry ex G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire var. acicularis L. Benson: Engelmann’s Hedgehog Cactus, Needle-spined Hedgehog Cactus, Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (stems 6 to 8 inches in height in clusters of 5 to 25, or as many as 50 stems); within the range of this species it has been reported from range reported from rocky ridges, hills, rocky, gravelly and sandy hillsides, slopes, plains, flats, valleys and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 18 (sp.), 24, 27, 28 (sp.), 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.)*
Echinocereus engelmannii var. nicholii (see Echinocereus nicholii)
Echinocereus nicholii (L. Benson) E. Parfitt (Echinocereus engelmannii (C.C. Parry ex G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire var. nicholii L. Benson): Golden Hedgehog, Nichol’s Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (stems 1 to 2 feet in height (stems up to 5 feet in length) in clusters of 10 to 30 stems); within the range of this species it has been reported from ridges, bajadas, slopes, flats and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 24, 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Echinocereus polyacanthus G. Engelmann (Echinocereus triglochidiatus G. Engelmann var. polyacanthus G. Engelmann): Claret-cup Hedgehog, Mohave Mound Cactus, Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (stems to 18 inches in height in clusters of 5 to 50 stems); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, hillsides and among rocks, occurring from 3,000 to 9,600 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 24 (recorded as Echinocereus santaritensis W. Blum & Rutow), 27, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Echinocereus santaritensis (see footnote under Echinocereus polyacanthus)
Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. polyacanthus (see Echinocereus polyacanthus)
Echinomastus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Sclerocactus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.P. Taylor): Redspine Fishhook Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 6 inches in height and 3 to 5 inches in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from knolls, ridges, hills, bajadas, slopes, alluvial fans and flats, occurring from 1,200 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations); includes Echinomastus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. acunensis (W.T. Marshall) L. Benson: Acuna Cactus, Bisnagitas, Redspine Fishhook Cactus, Red Pineapple Cactus, Red-spined Pineapple Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 6 inches in height and 3 to 4 inches in width); within the range of this variety it has been reported from hills, knolls, gravelly ridges bajadas and flats, occurring from 1,200 to 3,600 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Pollinated by polylectic bees (Megachile palmensis and Diadasia rinconis), small mammals and the larvae of the Opuntia Borer (Moneilema gigas) feed on the stems and the pyralith moth (Yosemitia graciella) feeds on the seeds), and Echinomastus erectocentrus (T. Coulter) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. erectocentrus: Bisnagitas, Needle-spined Pineapple Cactus, Red-spine Butterfly-cactus, Redspine Fishhook Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 6 inches in height and 3 to 5 inches in diameter); within the range of this variety it has been reported from hills, slopes, bajadas, alluvial fans, flats and alluvial soils, occurring from 1,300 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The species change in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, species remains in Sclerocactus (accessed 041506). *5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 24, 27, 45, 46, 63 (062406), 108 (recorded as Echinocactus visnaga)*
Echinomastus erectocentrus var. acunensis (see Echinomastus erectocentrus)
Echinomastus erectocentrus var. erectocentrus (see Echinomastus erectocentrus)
Ferocactus covillei (see Ferocactus emoryi)
Ferocactus cylindraceus (G. Engelmann) C.R. Orcutt (Ferocactus acanthodes (C. Lemaire) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose): Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, California Barrel Cactus, California fire Barrel, Compass Barrel Cactus, Compass Plant, Spiny Barrel, Mountain Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon walls, ridges, hills, hillsides, bajadas, slopes, alluvial fans, valleys and along washes, occurring from 200 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 26 (gen.), 45, 46, 77, 86, 91, 108*
Ferocactus cylindraceus (G. Engelmann) C.R. Orcutt var. eastwoodiae (G. Engelmann) N.P. Taylor (Ferocactus acanthodes (C. Lemaire) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. eastwoodiae L. Benson, Ferocactus eastwoodiae (L. Benson) L. Benson): Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, California Barrel Cactus, Cliff Barrel Cactus, Eastwood Barrel Cactus, Compass Plant (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within range reported from ledges, occurring from 1,300 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 8, 12, 18 (sp.), 26 (gen.), 27 (sp.), 46 (sp.), 86 (sp.), 91*
Ferocactus emoryi (G. Engelmann) C.R. Orcutt (Ferocactus covillei N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose): Bisnaga, Biznaga, Coville Barrel, Emory’s Barrel Cactus, Red-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (2 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills, hillsides, bajadas, alluvial fans, plains, flats, along washes and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,500 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 24, 26 (gen.), 27, 45, 46, 91*
Ferocactus wislizeni (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose: Arizona Barrel Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Bisnaga, Biznaga, Biznaga de Agua, Biznagre, Candy Barrel, Candy Barrelcactus, Compass Barrel, Compass Plant, Fishhook Barrel, Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Southwest Barrel Cactus, Southwestern Barrel Cactus, Visnaga, Wislizenus Barrel, Yellow-spined Barrel Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub or tree (2 to 11 feet in height and 1 to 2 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon walls, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, alluvial fans, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and arroyos and in rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26 (gen.), 27, 28, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 91, 108*
Grusonia kunzei (J.N. Rose) D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia kunzei J.N. Rose): Desert Club Cholla, Devil’s Cholla, Kunze Club Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (to 12 inches in height and 5 to 15 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from broad valleys in sandy and clay soils, occurring from 300 to 2,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 12, 24, 27, 45, 46, 91*
Grusonia parishii (C.R. Orcutt) D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia parishii C.R. Orcutt): Matted Cholla, Parish Cholla, Parish Club Cholla (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (stems 2 to 3 inches in length forming mats 6 to 12 inches in height and up to several yards in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, plains, flats, valleys and sandy soils, occurring from 3,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 12, 24, 27, 45, 46, 91*
Lemaireocereus thurberi (see Stenocereus thurberi)
Lophocereus schottii (see Pachycereus schottii)
Mammillaria grahamii G. Engelmann (Mammillaria microcarpa G. Engelmann): Arizona Fishhook Cabeza de Viejo Cekida, Cactus, Biznaguita, Fishhook Cactus, Fishhook Pincushion, Graham Fishhook, Graham’s Nipple Cactus, Graham Pincushion Cactus, Lizard Catcher (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (2 to 6 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, rock outcrops, rocky hillsides, boulder crevices, gravelly flats, valleys and along washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 27 (sp.), 28, 45 (sp.), 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 86 (sp.)*
Mammillaria microcarpa (see Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii)
Mammillaria tetrancistra G. Engelmann: Common Fishhook Cactus, Corkseed Fishhook Cactus, Corky-seed Fishhook (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (to 6 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy hills, plains and valleys, occurring from 400 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 18 (gen.), 24, 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Mammillaria thornberi C.R. Orcutt: Clustered Fishhook, Thornber Clustered Pincushion Cactus, Thornber’s Nipple Cactus, Thornber Pincushion (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (2 to 4 or 10½ inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, flats, valleys and along washes, occurring from 600 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental and is very attractive in both flower and fruit. *5, 6, 8, 12, 18 (gen.), 24, 27, 45, 48 (gen.), 77*
Opuntia acanthocarpa var. coloradensis (see Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. coloradensis)
Opuntia acanthocarpa var. major (see Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major)
Opuntia acanthocarpa var. ramosa (see Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major)
Opuntia arbuscula (see Cylindropuntia arbuscula)
Opuntia bigelovii (see Cylindropuntia bigelovii)
Opuntia chlorotica G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow: Dollarjoint Pricklypear, Nopal, Nopal Rastrera, Pancake Pear, Pancake Prickly-pear, Silver-dollar Cactus, Smooth Clock-face Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (3 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, ledges, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, hills, hillsides, flats, valleys and rocky and sandy soils, occurring from 1,800 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 24, 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 91*
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck: Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (forms clumps 4 to 5 feet in height and 10 feet or more in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, along washes, gullies and arroyos and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant provides cover for many desert animals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 27, 28, 45 (sp.), 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 91, 108*
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D.L. Walkington): Abrojo, Cactus Apple, Desert Pricklypear Cactus, Engelmann Pricklypear, Flaming Pricklypear, Joconostle, Nopal, Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (forms clumps 4 to 5 feet in height and 10 feet or more in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, ridges, bajadas, slopes, benches, rocky and gravelly flats, valleys, along washes, gullies and arroyos and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant provides cover for many desert animals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 12, 15, 24, 27, 28, 45 (sp.), 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 91*
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. flavispina (L. Benson) E. Parfitt & D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. flavispina L. Benson): Cactus Apple, Yellow-spined Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (forms clumps to 3 feet in height and 3 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, bajadas, flats and along washes, occurring from 1,200 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant provides cover for many desert animals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 8, 24, 27, 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.)*
Opuntia engelmannii J.F. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. linguiformis (D. Griffiths) E. Parfitt & D.J. Pinkava (Opuntia lindheimeri G. Engelmann var. linguiformis (D. Griffiths) L. Benson): Cactus Apple, Cow’s Tongue, Cow’s-tongue Pricklypear, Lengua de Vaca, Prickly Pear (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub; within range reported from bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and floodplains, occurring from 2,200 to 2,600 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Opuntia fulgida (see Cylindropuntia fulgida)
Opuntia fulgida var. fulgida (see Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida)
Opuntia fulgida var. mammillata (see Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mammillata)
Opuntia kunzei (see Grusonia kunzei)
Opuntia leptocaulis (see Cylindropuntia leptocaulis)
Opuntia lindheimeri var. linguiformis (see Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis)
Opuntia parishii (see Grusonia parishii)
Opuntia phaeacantha var. discata (see Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii)
Opuntia phaeacantha var. flavispina (see Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina)
Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann (Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. major G. Engelmann, Opuntia phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. phaeacantha [superflouous autonym]): Abrojo, Joconostle, Major Pricklypear, Mojave Pricklypear, Nopal, Sprawling Prickly Pear, Vela de Coyote, Yellow Pricklypear (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (forms clumps to 5 feet in height and 8 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hills, bajadas, flats, and valleys and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant provides cover for many desert animals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. The change in nomenclature in USDA NRCS *5* has not been recognized in BONAP *5*, varieties remain as varieties of Opuntia phaeacantha (accessed 041806). *5, 6, 12, 24, 27, 45, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 91*
Opuntia phaeacantha var. major (see Opuntia phaeacantha)
Opuntia phaeacantha var. phaeacantha (see Opuntia phaeacantha)
Opuntia ramosissima (see Cylindropuntia ramosissima)
Opuntia spinosior (see Cylindropuntia spinosior)
Opuntia versicolor (see Cylindropuntia versicolor)
Pachycereus schottii (G. Engelmann) D.R. Hunt (Cereus schottii G. Engelmann, Lophocereus schottii (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose): Old Man, Senita, Senita Cactus, Sina, Sinita, Whisker Cactus (perennial succulent shrub or tree (6 to 21 feet in height with stems clustering 6 to 15 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky hillsides, plains, flats, valleys, dunes, along washes and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 2,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48, 53, 63 (091206), 91, 108*
Peniocereus greggii (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose (Cereus greggii G. Engelmann): Arizona Queen of the Night, Chaparral Cactus, Deerhorn Cactus, Desert Night-blooming Cereus, Desert Threadcereus, Nightblooming Cereus, Queen of the Night, Reina de la Noche (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (1 to 8 feet in height and ½ inch in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The seeds are eaten by birds. This plant may be useful as an ornamental when planted with other desert shrubs and trees such as the Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina) for support and protection, the large (2-3 inch) flowers are very fragrant. *5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48, 63 (091206), 77, 86, 108*
Peniocereus greggii (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose var. transmontanus (G. Engelmann) C. Backeberg (Cereus greggii G. Engelmann var. transmontanus G. Engelmann): Arizona Queen of the Night, Chaparral Cactus, Deerhorn Cactus, Desert Night-blooming Cereus, Desert Threadcereus, Nightblooming Cereus, Queen of the Night, Reina de la Noche (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (1 to 8 feet in height and ½ inch in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The seeds are eaten by birds. This plant may be useful as an ornamental when planted with other desert shrubs and trees such as the Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata), Foothill Paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) and Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina) for support and protection, the large (2-3 inch) flowers are very fragrant.*5, 6, 12, 15, 24, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48, 63 (091206), 77, 86*
Peniocereus striatus (T.S. Brandegee) F. Buxbaum (Cereus striatus T.S. Brandegee, Wilcoxia diguetii (G.H. Weber) R.H. Peebles): Cardoncillo, Dahlia Rooted Cactus, Dahlia-rooted Cereus, Dahlia-rooted Gear-stem Cactus, Jacamatraca, Thread-cereus, Gearstem Cactus (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub (10 inches to 6 feet in height and ¼ inch in diameter); within range reported from hills, slopes, plains, flats, valleys, washes, alluvial bottoms, bottomlands and sandy and silty soils, occurring below 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The seeds are eaten by birds. *5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 27, 45, 46, 63 (091206)*
Sclerocactus erectocentrus (see Echinomastus erectocentrus)
Stenocereus thurberi (G. Engelmann) F. Buxbaum (Cereus thurberi G. Engelmann, Lemaireocereus thurberi (G. Engelmann) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose): Marismena, Mehuele, Organo, Organpipe Cactus, Pitahaya, Pitahaya Dulce, Pitayo Dulce (Spanish) (terrestrial perennial succulent shrub or tree (9 to 25 feet in height and 5 to 8 inches in diameter with stems clustering to 6 to 18 feet in diameter); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, cliff ledges, rocky slopes, ridges, hills, bajadas, plains, flats and rocky and sandy soils, occurring below 3,700 feet elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers, pollinated by bats and bees, fruits are eaten by ants, bats, Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis (Shaw) subsp. mexicana) and White-winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica). This plant may be useful as an ornamental but is sensitive to frosts. *5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 27, 28, 45, 46, 48, 53, 63 (091206), 91, 108*
Wilcoxia diguetii (see Peniocereus striatus)
Family Campanulaceae:
The
Nemacladus glanduliferus W.L. Jepson var. orientalis R. McVaugh: Glandular Nemacladus, Glandular Threadplant, Silver Stem Threadplant, Thread Plant, Threadstem (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77 (sp.)*
Triodanis biflora (H. Ruiz Lopez & J.A. Pavon) E.L. Greene (Triodanis perfoliata (C. Linnaeus) J.A. Nieuwland): Clasping-leaf Venus’-looking-glass, Clasping Venus’ Looking-glass, Venus Looking Glass (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky banks, plains, along washes and streambeds, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Triodanis perfoliata (see Triodanis biflora)
Family Capparaceae (Capparidaceae): The Caper Family
Atamisquea emarginata J. Miers ex W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott (Capparis atamisquea C.E. Kuntze, non Capparis emarginata A. Richard nec A. Zippelius ex J.B. Spanoghe): Atamisquea, Palo Zorrillo, Sol es Suegro del la Lena, Vomitbush (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 26 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, rocky hilltops, hills, gravelly and sandy bajadas, sand hills, dunes, gravelly and sandy plains, gravelly flats, playas, coastal plains, washes, riparian areas, disturbed areas and fine textured, saline and sandy soils, occurring below 2,500 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 8, 13, 24, 46, 63 (062406), 85, 91*
Capparis atamisquea C.E. Kuntze, non Capparis emarginata (see Atamisquea emarginata)
Polanisia dodecandra (C. Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle subsp. trachysperma (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H.H. Iltis (Polanisia trachysperma (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H.H. Iltis): Roughseed Clammy Weed, Sandyseed Clammyweed, Western Clammyweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (4 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and streambeds, waste places, disturbed areas and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 86*
Polanisia trachysperma (see Polanisia dodecandra subsp. trachysperma)
Wislizenia refracta var. melilotoides (Wislizenia refracta subsp. refracta)
Wislizenia refracta G. Engelmann subsp. refracta (Wislizenia refracta var. melilotoides (E.L. Greene) I.M. Johnson): Jackass Clover, Spectacle Fruit, Spectacle Pod (terrestrial annual forb/herb (16 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, washes, streambeds and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) has been observed visiting the flowers. *5, 6, 24, 28, 46*
Family Caryophyllaceae: The Pink Family
Achyronychia cooperi J. Torrey & A. Gray: Sand Mat, Frost Mat, Onyxflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from sandy soil, occurring below 2,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is reported to be an attractive, mat forming plant with green foliage and white flowers. *5, 6, 24, 46*
Cerastium texanum N.L. Britton: Mouse-ear Chickweed, Texas Chickweed, Texas Mouse-ear Chickweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, hillsides, slopes, crevices, among rocks, seeps, along streams and creeks, gravelly and sandy washes, occurring from 1,500 to 9,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 63 (090806), 85 (090806)*
Herniaria cinerea (see Herniaria hirsuta subsp. cinerea)
Herniaria hirsuta C. Linnaeus subsp. cinerea (A.P. de Condolle) A.X. Coutinho (Herniaria cinerea A.P. de Candolle): Burstwort, Hairy Rupturewort (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, bajadas, gravelly flats, valley plains, washes, riparian areas, disturbed areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,200 to 3,600 feet in elevation. in the woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC. *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Loeflingia squarrosa T. Nuttall: Spreading Pygmyleaf (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Silene antirrhina C. Linnaeus: Catchfly, Desert Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Catchfly, Sleepy Silene (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, rocky and gravelly slopes, rocky and gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds and waste places, occurring below 7,400 feet in elevation in the forest, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Family Chenopodiaceae: The Goosefoot Family
Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Watson) Kuntze: Chico, Ink Weed, Iodinebush, Picleweed (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (3 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from sand hills, meadows, sandy plains. alkali and flats, sand dunes, beaches, shorelines, tidal flats, tidal marshes, riparian areas and wet, moist, damp, sandy, alkali clay and saline soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 46, 63 (070106), 85 (070106), 108*
Atriplex canescens (F.T. Pursh) T. Nuttall var. canescens: Cenizo, Chamiso, Chamiso Cenizo, Chamiza, Costilla de Vaca, Fourwing Saltbush, Grey Sage Brush, Orache, Saladillo, Wngscale (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly and sandy flats and along washes, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is a larval food plant for the Pygmy Blue (Brefidium exile). This plant may be useful in controlling erosion and as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16 (sp.), 18 (sp.), 24, 26 (sp.), 28 (sp.), 46, 48 (sp.), 58, 77 (sp.), 82, 91*
Atriplex canescens (F.T. Pursh) T. Nuttall var. linearis (S. Watson) P.A. Munz (Atriplex canescens subsp. linearis (S. Watson) W. Hall & F.E. Clements, Atriplex linearis S. Watson): Cenizo, Chamiso, Chamiza, Costilla de Vaca, Four-wing Saltbush, Narrow-leaf Saltbush, Narrowleaf Wingscale, Thinleaf Fourwing Saltbush, Grey Sage Brush, Orache, Saladillo, Wngscale (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, slopes, gravelly flats and alkaline soils, occurring below 2,900 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is a larval food plant for the Pygmy Blue (Brefidium exile). This plant may be useful in controlling erosion and as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16 (sp.), 18 (sp.), 24, 26 (sp.), 28 (sp.), 46, 48 (sp.), 77, 82, 91*
Atriplex elegans (C.H. Moquin-Tandon) D.N. Dietrich: Chamiso Cenizo, Fasciculata Saltbush, Salton Fasciculata Saltbush, Wheelscale, Wheelscale Saltbush (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 26 (gen.), 46, 68*
Atriplex lentiformis (J. Torrey) S. Watson: Big Saltbush, Lens-scale, Quail-brush, Quailbush, White-thistle (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (3 to 12 feet in height and 6 to 15 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from slopes, alluvial plains, valley bottoms, along washes and streams, river banks and bottoms, floodplains, playas, disturbed areas and moist, dry, alkaline and sandy soils, occurring below 4,200 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant provides food and cover for birds and mammals, is browsed by cattle and may have potential as a commercial livestock fodder. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 26, 46, 48, 77, 91, 108*
Atriplex linearis (see Atriplex canescens var. linearis)
Atriplex
Atriplex polycarpa (J. Torrey) S. Watson: All-scale, Cattle Saltbush, Cattle Spinach, Cenizo, Chamizo, Chamiso Cenizo, Cow Spinach, Desert Sage, Desert Saltbush, Littleleaf Saltbush (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (1 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, plains, gravelly flats, dunes, valley bottoms, along washes, floodplains, playa margins and alkaline and non-alkaline soils, occurring from 400 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Cattle Saltbush is a very important browse plant. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 26 (gen.), 28, 46, 48, 77, 91, 108*
Chenopodium murale C. Linnaeus: Chual, Chuana Soap, Cuhal, Goosefoot, Green Fat Hen, Green Goosefoot, Lamb’s Quarters, Nettleleaf Goosefoot, Nettle Leaved Fat Hen, Rauniosavikka, Round Leaved Fat Hen, Sowbane, Swinebane, Wall Goosefoot, Wheat bush (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 8,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 68, 77, 101*
Chenopodium watsonii A. Nelson: Watson’s Goosefoot (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, meadows, boulder fields, flats, roadsides, draws, along washes and rivers, disturbed areas and gravelly, sandy, silty and gravelly clay loam soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,900 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 85*
Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) E.L. Greene: Annual Povertyweed, Monolepis, Nutall Monolepis, Nuttall’s Povertyweed, Papago Spinach, Patata, Patota, Patote, Poverty Weed, Suolasavikka (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 8 inches in height and/or 3 to 15 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly flats, roadsides, washes, floodplains, alkaline depressions, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring below 7,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80*
Nitrophila occidentalis (C.H. Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson: Boraxweed,
Salsola kali var. tenuifolia (see Salsola tragus)
Salsola kali subsp. tragus (see Salsola tragus)
Salsola tragus C. Linnaeus (Salsola kali C. Linnaeus var. tenuifolia (H. Tausch) P. Aellen, Salsola kali C. Linnaeus subsp. tragus (C. Linnaeus) P. Aellen): Cardo Ruso, Chamiso, Chamiso Valador, Coast Saltwort, Common Russian Thistle, Prickly Russian Thistle, Russian Thistle, Tumbleweed, Tumbling Thistle, Volador, Wind Witch (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 inches to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring from 150 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 101*
Suaeda moquinii (J. Torrey) E.L. Greene (Suaeda nigra (Rafenesque) J.F. MacBride, Suaeda torreyana S. Watson, Suaeda torreyana S. Watson var. ramosissima (P.C. Standley) P.A. Munz): Bush Seepweed, Desert Seepweed, Inkweed, Iodineweed, Mojave Seablite, Quelite Salado, Torrey Sea-blite (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from sand hills, alkali flats, floodplains and coastal salt marshes, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46*
Suaeda nigra (see Suaeda moquinii)
Suaeda torreyana (see Suaeda moquini)
Suaeda torreyana var. ramosissima (see Suaeda moquinii)
Family Convolvulaceae: The Morning-glory Family
Evolvulus alsinoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus var. angustifolius J. Torrey (Evolvulus alsinoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus (var. acapulcensis (C.L. von Willdenow) S.J. van Ooststroom is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Acapulco Evolvulus, Arizona Blue Eyes, Dio de Vibora, Slender Dwarf Morning-glory (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, dry plains and along washes, occurring from 2,200 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Evolvulus alsinoides var. acapulcensis (see Evolvulus alsinoides var. angustifolius)
Ipomoea costellata J. Torrey: Crestrib Morning-glory (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, plains and sandy washes, occurring from 3,400 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Ipomoea cristulata E.H. Hallier f.: Scarlet Creeper, Scarlet Morning Glory, Star Glory Morning-glory, TransPecos Morning-glory (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine (3 to 7 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 3,400 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 48 (gen.), 77, 86*
Ipomoea desertorum (see Ipomoea hederacea)
Ipomoea hederacea N.J. von Jacquin (Ipomoea desertorum H.D. House, Ipomoea hirsutula auct. non N.J. von Jacquin f. [misapplied]): Blue Morning-glory, Desert Morning-glory, Entireleaf Morningglory, Ivyleaf Morning-glory, Mexican Morningglory, Morning Glory, Trompillo Morado (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine (to 20 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, along streams and washes, arroyos, mesquite bosques, floodplains, riparian areas, disturbed areas and gravelly sandy and silty soils and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 400 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (081106), 68, 77, 85 (081106), 101*
Ipomoea hirsutula auct. non N.J. von Jacquin f. (see Ipomoea hederacea)
Jacquemontia pringlei A. Gray: Pringle’s Clustervine (terrestrial perennial vine, subshrub or shrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, foothills, rocky hills, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among rocks, rocky crevices, draws, along streams, riparian areas and sandy soils, occurring from 500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 46, 85*
Family Crassulaceae: The Stonecrop Family
Crassula connata J. Miers (Tillaea erecta W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott): Pygmy Stonecrop, Pygmy Weed, Sand Pygmyweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly flats, seeps, washes, streambeds and moist and damp soils, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Dudleya arizonica (see Dudleya pulverulenta subsp. arizonica)
Dudleya pulverulenta (T. Nuttall) N.L. Britton & J.N. Rose subsp. arizonica (J.N. Rose) R.E. Moran (Dudleya arizonica J.N. Rose, Echeveria pulverulenta T. Nuttall subsp. arizonica (J.N. Rose) I.W. Clokey): Arizona Chalk-lettuce, Arizona Liveforever, Chalk Dudleya (terrestrial perennial succulent forb/herb (to 2½ inches in height, rosettes growing to 10 inches in width with a flowering stalk reaching 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, cliff faces, rock ledges, crevices and rocky slopes, occurring from 500 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46*
Echeveria pulverulenta subsp. arizonica (see Dudleya pulverulenta subsp. arizonica)
Echeveria rusbyi (see Graptopetalum rusbyi)
Graptopetalum rusbyi (E.L. Greene) J.N. Rose (Echeveria rusbyi (E.L. Greene) A. Nelson & J.F. MacBride): San Francisco Leatherpetal, San Francisco River Leatherpetal (terrestrial perennial succulent forb/herb (to 1½ inches in height with a flowering stalk reaching 10 inches in height; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon walls, rocky ledges, rocky hillsides, rocky outcrops, rocky slopes, rock crevices, among rocks, ravines, along streams, riparian woodlands and rocky and rocky loam soils, occurring from 2,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 85*
Tillaea erecta (see Crassula connata)
Family Crossosomataceae: The Crossosoma Family
Crossosoma bigelovii S. Watson: Bigelow Ragged Rock-flower, Crossosoma, Ragged Rockflower, Rhyolite Bush (terrestrial perennial shrub (20 inches to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, crevices of cliff faces, rocky slopes, rocky hillsides and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, flowers are reported to be fragrant. *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 28, 46, 77*
Family Cucurbitaceae: The Cucumber Family
Brandegea bigelovii (S.Watson) C.A. Cogniaux.: Desert Starvine (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, foothills, bajadas, plains, desertscrubs, arroyos, along washes, gravelly river beds, riparian areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The flowers are reported to be fragrant. *5, 6, 24, 46*
Cucurbita digitata A. Gray: Calabachilla, Chichi Coyota, Coyote Gourd, Coyote Melon, Fingerleaf Gourd (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine (trailing stems reaching 3 to 40 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyon bottoms, hills, sandy benches, dry plains, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides, gulches, sandy washes, floodplains, waste places and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 68*
Echinopepon wrightii (A Gray) S Watson: Wright Mockcucumber, Wild Balsam Apple, Wild Balsamapple (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, foothills, rocky slopes, draws, along washes and streams, floodplains, riparian areas and sandy soils, occurring from 1,600 to 4,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Marah gilensis E.L. Greene: Big Root, Gila Manroot, Wild Cucumber (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky mountainsides, canyons, among boulders, rocky slopes, seeps, springs, gorges, along washes and streams, bosques and silty soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58*
Tumamoca macdougalii J.N. Rose: Globeberry, MacDougal Tumamoc Globeberry, Tumamoc Globeberry (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine (to 5 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, hillsides, bajadas, slopes, among rocks, gravelly flats, valleys, coastal plains, mesquite bosques, along sandy washes, gullies, arroyos, stream terraces and rocky and sandy soils, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub regional formations) The flowers are pollinated by moths; cardinals, thrashers, Gambel Quail (Callipepla gambelii) and Gila Woodpeckers (Melanerpes uropygialis) feed on the fruits and seeds, and Javelinas (Peccari tajacu) feed on the tuberous roots. This plant may be useful as an ornamental, vines bear small pale yellow flowers and berry-like bright red fruits, plants remains dormant during winter and early spring, vines die back after fruiting or are killed by frost, plant beneath shrubs and low growing tree that will give support to the vines. *5, 6, 8, 9, 16, 24, 46, 77, 85, 91*
Family Cuscutaceae: The Dodder Family
Cuscuta californica W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott: Chaparral Dodder (terrestrial perennial parasitic forb/herb or vine; reported as growing on Abronia spp., Ambrosia (Fransera) spp., Andenostoma spp., Asclepias spp., Baileya spp., Calliandra spp., Dalea spp., Eriogonum spp. Foeniculum spp. and Polygonum spp., occurring from 600 to 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 68 (gen.), 80 (gen.)*
Cuscuta salina G. Engelmann var. salina: Golden Thread, Saltmarsh Dodder (terrestrial perennial parasitic forb/herb or vine; reported as growing on Allenrolfea spp., Atriplex spp., Bassia spp., Cressa spp., Haplopappus spp., Nitrophila spp., Salicornia spp., Salsola spp., Suaeda spp., Xanthium spp., occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.)*
Cuscuta tuberculata K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Tubercle Dodder, Tuber Dodder, Umbrella Dodder (terrestrial perennial parasitic forb/herb or vine; reported as growing on Allionia spp., Baccharis spp., Bebbia spp., Boerhavia spp., Euphorbia spp., Tidestroemia lanuginosa, Zizyphus spp. and other hosts, occurring from 400 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.)*
Cuscuta umbellata K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Big-flower Dodder, Flatglobe Dodder, Umbrella Dodder (terrestrial annual parasitic forb/herb or vine; reported as growing on Alternanthera spp., Amaranthus spp., Atriplex spp., Boerhavia spp., Euphorbia spp., Kallstoremia spp., Polygonum spp., Suaeda spp., Sesuvium spp., Trianthema spp. and Tribulus spp., occurring from 1,000 to 7,100 feet in elevation in the forest, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 68, 80 (gen.)*
Family Euphorbiaceae: The Spurge Family
Acalypha californica G. Bentham (Acalypha pringlei S. Watson): California Copperleaf, Copperleaf, Hierba del Cancer, Pringle Three-seeded Mercury (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (20 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from foothills, rocky slopes, ravines and along washes occurring from 1,500 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 13, 24, 46, 108*
Acalypha pringlei (see Acalypha californica)
Argythamnia claryana W.L. Jepson (Ditaxis adenophora auct. non (A. Gray) F.A. Pax & K. Hoffmann [misapplied]): Desert Silverbush, Glandular Silverbush (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, among rocks and springs, occurring from 300 to 2,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Argythamnia lanceolata (G. Bentham) J. Müller Argoviensis (Ditaxis lanceolata (G. Bentham) F.A. Pax & K. Hoffmann: Lanceleaf Ditaxis, Lance-leaved Argythamnia, Narrowleaf Silverbush (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas, occurring from 350 to 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 77*
Argythamnia neomexicana J. Müller Argoviensis (Ditaxis neomexicana (J. Müller Argoviensis) F.X. Heller): Ditaxis, New Mexico Ditaxis, New Mexico Silverbush, New Mexico Wild Mercury (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Chamaesyce abramsiana (L.C. Wheeler) D.L. Koutnik (Euphorbia abramsiana L.C. Wheeler): Abrams’ Sandmat, Abram Spurge, Golondrina (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 150 to 3,100 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce albomarginata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J.K. Small (Euphorbia albomarginata J. Torrey & A. Gray): Golondrina, Rattlesnake Weed, White Margin Euphorbia, Whitemargin Sandmat, White Margin Spurge (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to ½ inch in height and 10 to 21 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80 (gen.), 86*
Chamaesyce arizonica (G. Engelmann) J.C. Arthur (Euphorbia arizonica G. Engelmann): Arizona Euphorbia, Arizona Sandmat, Arizona Spurge, Spurge (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce capitellata (G. Engelmann) C.F. Millspaugh (Euphorbia capitellata G. Engelmann): Golondrinia, Head Euphorbia, Head Sandmat, Head Spurge, Spurge (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly flats and roadsides, occurring from 1,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce florida (G. Engelmann) C.F. Millspaugh (Euphorbia florida G. Engelmann): Chiricahua Mountain Sandmat, Florida Spurge, Spurge (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats and along sandy washes, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (C. Linnaeus) J.K. Small (Euphorbia hyssopifolia C. Linnaeus): Hyssopleaf Euphorbia, Hyssopleaf Sandmat, Hyssop Spurge, (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (4 inches to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, soil pockets on rock outcrops, gravelly flats, roadsides and along sandy washes, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce melandenia (J. Torrey) C.F. Millspaugh (Euphorbia melanadenia J. Torrey): Red-gland Spurge, Squaw Spurge, Squaw Sandmat, Spurge (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, hillsides and flats, occurring from 500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce micromera (P.E. Bossier) E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley (Euphorbia micromera P.E. Boissier): Golondrina, Littleleaf Spurge, Pitseed Euphorbia, Sonoran Sandmat (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, gravelly and sandy flats and washes, occurring from 500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 68, 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce pediculifera (G. Engelmann) J.N. Rose & P.C. Standley var. pediculifera (Euphorbia pediculifera G. Engelmann): Carrizo Mountain Sandmat, Carrizo Mountain Spurge, Golondrina, Spurge, Louse Spurge (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 500 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce polycarpa (G. Bentham) C.F. Millspaugh ex S.B. Parish (Euphorbia polycarpa G. Bentham): Desert Spurge, Golondrina, Smallseed Sandmat, Smallseed Spurge (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb, within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy mesas, gravelly and sandy plains, sandy flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 500 to 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 63 (080506), 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce prostrata (W. Aiton) J.K. Small (Euphorbia chamaesyce C. Linnaeus, Euphorbia prostrata W. Aiton): Celidonia (Hispanic), Golondrina (Hispanic), Groundfig Spurge, Hierba de la Golondrina (Hispanic), Kanab-mukuy (Maya), Prostrate Sandmat, Prostrate Spurge (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (stems 3 to 7 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, roadsides, dry stream beds, around stock tanks, rivers, cienegas, bosques, riparian areas, disturbed areas and silty soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,300 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 30, 46, 68, 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Chamaesyce setiloba (G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey) C.F. Millspaugh ex S.B. Parish (Euphorbia setiloba G. Engelmann): Bristlelobe Sandmat, Bristlelobe Spurge, Golondrina, Fringed Spurge, Yuma Sandmat, Yuma Spurge (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 200 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Croton sonorae J. Torrey: Rama Blanca, Sonora Croton, Sonoran Croton, Vera Prieta (terrestrial perennial shrub (to 7 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, occurring from 2,000 to 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation. Plants in this genus are probably more or less poisonous.) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46*
Ditaxis adenophora (see Argythamnia claryana)
Ditaxis lanceolata (see Argythamnia lanceolata)
Ditaxis neomexicana (see Argythamnia neomexicana)
Euphorbia abramsiana (see Chamaesyce abramsiana)
Euphorbia albomarginata (see Chamaesyce albomarginata)
Euphorbia arizonica (see Chamaesyce arizonica)
Euphorbia capitellata (see Chamaesyce capitellata)
Euphorbia chamaesyce (see Chamaesyce prostrata)
Euphorbia eriantha G. Bentham: Beetle Spurge, Desert Poinsettia, Threaded Spurge, Woollyflower Euphorbia (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 15 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 300 to 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Plants in the genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Euphorbia
Euphorbia heterophylla C. Linnaeus: Catalina, Japanese Poinsettia, Mexican Fireplant, Painted Spurge, Picachalih, Summer Poinsettia, Wild Poinsettia (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, soil pockets in rocky outcrops and along washes, occurring from 2,400 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Plants in this genus have properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 24, 46, 58, 68 (gen.), 77, 80 (gen.), 86 (gen.)*
Euphorbia hyssopifolia (see Chamaesyce hyssopifolia)
Euphorbia melanadenia (see Chamaesyce melandenia)
Euphorbia micromera (see Chamaesyce micromera)
Euphorbia pediculifera (see Chamaesyce pediculifera)
Euphorbia polycarpa (see Chamaesyce polycarpa var. polycarpa)
Euphorbia prostrata (see Chamaesyce prostrata)
Euphorbia setiloba (see Chamaesyce setiloba)
Jatropha cardiophylla (J. Torrey) J. Müller Argoviensis: Limber Bush, Limberbush, Matacora, Nettlespurge, Sangre de Cristo, Sangre-de-drago, Sangregrado, Sangrengado, Torote (terrestrial perennial deciduous semi-succulent shrub (1 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, foothills, hills, rocky hillsides, foothills, bajadas, dry plains and along washes, sandy arroyos, floodplains, riparian areas and rocky soils, occurring from 100 to 4,800 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, emerald green leaves appear around the time of the first rains and then provide color when the leaves turn gold in the fall. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 46, 48, 58, 77, 80 (gen.), 91, 108*
Jatropha cinerea (C.G. de Ortega) J. Müller Argoviensis: Arizona Nettlespurge, Ashy Jatropha, Ashy Limberbush, Mexican Nettlespurge, Sangre de Drago (terrestrial perennial drought deciduous semi-succulent shrub (3 to 14 feet in height, and trees to 20 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hillsides, sandy slopes, bajadas, dry plains, sandy flats, sand dunes, roadsides, valleys along washes, sandy arroyos, coastal plains, disturbed soils and rocky, sandy and sandy silty soils, occurring below 1,800 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 8, 13, 24, 46, 80 (gen.), 85, 91, 108*
Jatropha cuneata I.L. Wiggins & R.C. Rollins: Limber Bush,
Matacora, Physicnut, Sange-de-drago,
Sangrengado, Shrubby Limberbush (terrestrial
perennial drought deciduous semi-succulent shrub (2 to 8 feet in height);
within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains,
rocky mesas, canyons, rocky benches, foothills, hills, hillsides, rocky slopes,
bajadas, sandy knolls, plains, sandy flats, sand dunes, washes, arroyos and
rocky and sandy soils, occurring below 2,100 feet in elevation in the desertscrub
ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13,
24,
28, 46, 80 (gen.), 85, 91*
Sapium biloculare (see Sebastiania bilocularis)
Sebastiania bilocularis S. Watson (Sapium biloculare (S. Watson) F.A. Pax): Arizona Jumping Bean, Arrow Poison Plant, Hierba de la Flecha (Herb of the Arrow), Hierba Malla (Bad Herb), Jumping Bean Sapium, Mago, Mexican Jumping Bean, Yerba de Fleche, Yerba Mala (terrestrial perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree (15 to 20 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, rocky and gravelly slopes, plains, flats, desert pavement, valleys and sandy washes and watercourses, occurring from 800 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The sap is poisonous, wind may release sufficient toxin to cause stinging eyes and congested lungs. *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 53, 91, 108*
Stillingia linearifolia S. Watson: Linearleaf Sand Spurge, Narrowleaf Stillinga, Noseburn, Queen’s-root, Quemadore (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, plateaus, canyons, rocky ridges, sand hills, slopes, sand dunes, sand hummocks, sandy plains, sandy flats, sandy washes and sandy soils, gravelly silty soils and sandy clay loam soils, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 24, 31, 46, 63 (080606), 80 (gen.), 85 (080606)*
Tragia nepetifolia A.J. Cavanilles: Catnip Noseburn, Ortiguilla (Hispanic), Ra´oke (Purépecha), Ra´uli (Purépecha) (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (6 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, hills, rocky hillsides, buttes, rocky slopes, benches, roadsides, along washes, streambeds, riparian areas, disturbed areas, occurring from 1,500 to 9,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 30, 46, 58, 77, 85 (080106)*
Family Fabaceae (Leguminosae): The Pea Family
Acacia angustissima (P. Miller) C.E. Kuntze var. suffructescens (J.N. Rose) P.T. Isely (Acacia cuspidata D.F. von Schlechtendal): Barbus de Chivo, Cantemo, Fern Acacia, Guajillo, Palo de Pulque (Hispanic), Prairie Acacia, Siraku K’amataraku (Purépecha), Timbe (Hispanic), Timben (Hispanic), Timbre (Hispanic), Whiteball Acacia (terrestrial perennial deciduous forb/herb or subshrub (2 to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains and mountain sides, rocky canyons, rocky slopes, rocky hills, hillsides, bajadas, roadsides, valleys. washes, along streams, riparian areas and rocky, gravelly and clay soils, occurring from 2,200 to 6,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Quail feed on the seeds. This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the leaves are fernlike. *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 28 (sp.), 30 (sp.), 46, 48 (sp.), 91 (sp.)*
Acacia constricta G. Bentham: Chaparro Prieto, Common Whitethorn, Garabato, Gigantillo, Huisache, Largoncillo, Mescat Acacia, Twinthorn Acacia, Vara Prieta, Vinorama, Whitethorn Acacia, White Thorn (terrestrial perennial deciduous (drought and cold) shrub or tree (2 to 18 feet in height and to 18 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, along washes and arroyos and floodplains, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reported to be fragrant. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 68, 77, 80, 91, 108, WTK (1105)*
Acacia cuspidata (see Acacia angustissima var. suffructescens)
Acacia greggii var. arizonica (see Acacia greggii var. greggii)
Acacia greggii A. Gray (var. greggii is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona, Acacia greggii A. Gray var. arizonica P.T. Isley): Acacia, Algarroba, Catclaw, Catclaw Acacia, Devil’s Catclaw, Devil’s Claw, Gatuno, Gregg’s Acacia, Gregg Catclaw, Tear Blanket, Tepame, Tesota, Texas Mimosa, Una de Gato (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (5 to 25 feet in height and 15 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, among boulders, floodplains and along sandy washes and streams, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 58, 77, 80, 91, 108*
Astragalus didymocarpus W.J. Hooker & G.A. Arnott (var. dispermus (A. Gray) W.L. Jepson is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Desert Dwarf Locoweed, Dwarf Loco, Dwarf White Milkvetch, Hierba Loca, Two-seeded Milkvetch (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky hillsides, among rocks, plains, flats, roadsides, washes, floodplains, disturbed areas and gravelly, sandy and clay loam soils, occurring from 1,000 to 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 77*
Astragalus lentiginosus D. Douglas ex W.J. Hooker var. australis R.C. Barneby: Freckled Milkvetch, Speckledpod Milkvetch (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hillsides, bajadas, roadsides, along washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,800 to 6,300 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 77*
Astragalus lentiginosus D. Douglas ex W.J. Hooker var. yuccanus M.E. Jones: Blue Loco, Crazyweed, Hierba Loca, Loco, Locoweed, Mottled Locoweed, Poisonvetch, Rattleweed, Yucca Milkvetch (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, hills, gravelly hillsides, bajadas, plains, flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and sandy and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 800 to 4,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 85*
Astragalus nuttallianus A.P. de Candolle var. austrinus (J.K. Small) R.C. Barneby: Locoweed, Nuttall Locoweed, Nuttall Milkvetch, Small-flowered Milkvetch (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, slopes, plains and gravelly flats, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46 (sp.), 63 (083006), 77*
Astragalus nuttallianus A.P. de Condolle var. imperfectus (P.A. Rydberg) R.C. Barneby: Locoweed, Nuttall Locoweed, Nuttall Milkvetch, Smallflowered Milkvetch, Turkeypeas (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Calliandra eriophylla G. Bentham var. eriophylla: Cabelleto de Angel, Cabeza Angel, Fairyduster, False Mesquite, False Mesquite Calliandra, Guajillo, Hairy-leaved Calliandra, Huajillo, Mesquitilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous subshrub or shrub (8 inches to 4 feet in height and 4 to 5 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, hillsides, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Fairyduster is browsed by wildlife and is highly palatable to Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48 (sp.), 58, 77, 86, 91, 108*
Cassia covesii (see Senna covesii)
Cercidium floridum (see Parkinsonia
Cercidium microphyllum (see Parkinsonia microphylla)
Coursetia glandulosa A. Gray (Coursetia microphylla A. Gray): Arí (Hispanic), Baby Bonnets, Chino, Chipile, Chipilillo, Coursetia, Cousamo, Lac Bush, Rosary Babybonnets, Samo (Tarahumara), Samo Prieto, Samota, Sámu (Hispanic), Tepechipile, Zamota (Hispanic) (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 20 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, hills, rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly alluvial fans, flats, among rocks and along washes, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) An orange-colored lac may be observed on the stems of the plant that is produced by the feeding of an insect in the genus Tachardia. The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthis latirostris) has been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 24, 28, 30, 46, 77, 91*
Coursetia microphylla (see Coursetia glandulosa)
Dalea mollis G. Bentham: Hairy Prairie-clover, Silk Dalea, Soft Dalea (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, foothills, hills, hillsides, rocky slopes, flats, dunes, arroyos and rocky, gravelly, sandy and sandy loam soils, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Dalea parryi (see
Dalea pogonathera A. Gray var. poganthera: Bearded Dalea, Bearded Prairie Clover, Herba del Corazon, Heirba del Corazo (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, hills bajadas, flats, roadsides, occurring from 2,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46 (sp.)*
Dalea pringlei A. Gray var. pringlei: Pringle Indigo Bush, Pringle’s Prairie Clover (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky slopes, hills, sandy banks and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15 (sp.), 24, 46 (sp.), 77 (sp.)*
Dalea spinosa (see Psorothamnus spinosus)
Desmodium procumbens (P. Miller) A.S. Hitchcock var. procumbens: Tick Clover, Western Trailing Ticktrefoil (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, gravelly slopes, cliff bases, sandy washes, ravines, riparian areas and sandy soils, occurring from 700 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46 (sp.), 85*
Galactia wrightii A. Gray: Cliff Bean, Wright’s Milkpea (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or, vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, along washes and streams and rocky soils, occurring from 700 to 7,600 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Lotus humistratus E.L. Greene: Foothill Deervetch, Hill Deervetch, Hill Lotus, Foothill Deervetch (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 inches in height and 4 to 18 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 86*
Lotus rigidus (G. Bentham) E.L. Greene: Desert Rock Pea, Shrubby Deervetch, Wiry Lotus (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 91*
Lotus salsuginosus E.L. Greene (var. brevivexillus A.M. Ottley is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Coastal Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Coastal Lotus, Deer Vetch (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, hills and flats, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Lotus strigosus (T. Nuttall) E.L. Greene (var. tomentellus P.T. Isely is the variety reported from Arizona, Lotus tomentellus E.L. Greene): Annual Lotus, Desert Deervetch, Desert Lotus, Greene’s Desert Deervetch, Hairy Deer Vetch, Hairy Lotus, Strigose Bird’s-foot Trefoil (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 10 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly flats, among boulders, along sandy washes and sandy and gravelly soils, occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Lotus tomentellus (see Lotus strigosus var. tomentellus)
Lupinus arizonicus (S. Watson) S. Watson: Arizona Lupine, Lupino (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides and sandy washes, occurring below 3000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 80 (gen.)*
Lupinus concinnus J.G. Agardh: Annual Lupine, Bajada Lupine, Bluebonnet, Elegant Lupine, Lupine, Scarlet Lupine (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 6 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly and sandy flats and along washes, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80 (gen.), 108*
Lupinus sparsiflorus G. Bentham: Arizona Lupine, Coulter Lupine, Desert Lupine, Mojave Lupine (terrestrial annual forb/herb (8 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, bajadas, flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80 (gen.), 86, 108*
Marina parryi (J. Torrey & A. Gray) R.C. Barneby (Dalea parryi J. Torrey & A. Gray): Parry Dalea, Parry Indigo Pea, Parry Marina, Parry’s False Prairie-clover (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 or more feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and roadsides, occurring from 2,200 to 4,700 feet in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 77*
Medicago hispida (see Medicago polymorpha)
Medicago polymorpha C. Linnaeus (Medicago hispida J. Gaertner, Medicago polymorpha C. Linnaeus var. vulgaris (G. Bentham) L.H. Shinners): Burclover, California Bur Clover, Carretilla (Hispanic), Medic, Uirhijpiku Sapichu (Purépecha) (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or vine (to 2 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, cienegas and moist soils, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 30, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80*
Medicago polymorpha var. vulgaris (see Medicago polymorpha)
Melilotus indicus (C. Linnaeus) J. Allioni: Alfalfilla, Annual Yellow Sweetclover, Sour Clover (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (18 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, roadsides, creeks, cienegas, ditches, ponds, waste places and moist disturbed areas, occurring below 7,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77, 80 (gen.)*
Mimosa distachya A.J. Cavanilles var. laxiflora (G. Bentham) R.C. Barneby (Mimosa laxiflora G. Bentham): Arizona Mimosa, Culion, Curca, Garabatillo, Gastuna, Iguano (terrestrial perennial cold and drought deciduous shrub (5 to 23 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, alluvial flats, arroyos and along washes, occurring from 400 to 3,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The seeds of the plant are eaten by birds. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 8, 13, 24, 46, 77, 91*
Mimosa laxiflora (see Mimosa distachya var. laxiflora)
Nissolia schottii (J. Torrey) A. Gray: Schott’s Yellowhood (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 2,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Olneya tesota A. Gray: Comitin, Arizona Ironwood, Desert Ironwood, Ironwood, Palo de Hierro, Palo Fierro, Tesota (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (15 to 30 feet in height and 15 to 30 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy mesas, rocky canyons, rocky foothills, hills, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, plains, flats, floodplains and along washes, occurring below 3,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers; the trees are browsed by Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) and the seeds are an important food of desert animals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 77, 91, 108, WTK (1105)*
Parkinsonia aculeata C. Linnaeus: Bacapore, Bagota, Espinillo, Guacoporo, Horse Bean, Jerusalem Thorn, Junco, Long-leaf Paloverde, Mexican Paloverde, Mezquite Verde, Retama (terrestrial perennial drought and possibly cold deciduous shrub or tree (15 to 40 feet in height and 15 to 30 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, foothills, hills, bajadas, gravelly and sandy alluvial fans, sandy plains, flats, roadsides, floodplains, along washes and arroyos, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Jerusalem Thorn is native to the Castle Dome Mountains (Yuma County) and the foothills of the Coyote and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County) in Arizona. The foliage and pods are browsed by wildlife. *5, 6, 13, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 58, 77, 80, 91*
Parkinsonia florida (G. Bentham ex A. Gray) S. Watson (Cercidium floridum G. Bentham): Blue Paloverde, Palo Verde (Green Tree) (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (10 to 33 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, hills, bajadas, slopes, flats, valleys, roadsides, floodplains and along sandy washes, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The twigs and seed pods are browsed by wildlife and the seeds are eaten by birds and rodents. The Blue Paloverde is useful in controlling erosion. This plant may be useful as an ornamental; has a very showy display of yellow flowers in the spring. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 58, 77, 86, 91, 108, WTK (1105)*
Parkinsonia microphylla J. Torrey (Cercidium microphyllum (J. Torrey) J.N. Rose & I.M. Johnston): Dipua, Foothill Paloverde, Hillside Paloverde, Horsebean, Little Horsebean, Little Leaf Horsebean, Little Leaf Paloverde, Palo Verde (Green Tree), Yellow Paloverde (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (10 to 26 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, rocky and gravelly bajadas, alluvial fans and gravelly flats, occurring from 500 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 77, 86, 91, 108, WTK (1105)*
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. acutifolius: Frijol, Tepary, Tepary Bean, Wild Tepary Bean (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, moist swales, washes, mesquite bosques, riparian areas and disturbed areas, occurring from 3,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and wetland ecological formations) Growing this plant may increase soil fertility. *5, 6, 24, 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.), 63 (081206), 85 (081206)*
Phaseolus filiformis G. Bentham (Phaseolus wrightii A. Gray): Desert Bean, Slimjim Bean, Wright Bean (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon bottoms and rocky slopes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Phaseolus wrightii (see Phaseolus filiformis)
Prosopis glandulosa J. Torrey var. glandulosa (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Candolle var. glandulosa (J. Torrey) T.D. Cockerell): Common Mesquite, Honey Mesquite, Mesquite, Mizquitl (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 50 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, plains, valleys, floodplains and along washes and streams, occurring from 2,300 to 6,100 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Costa’s hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers, this plant provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 18 (sp.), 26, 28 (sp.), 46, 52 (sp.), 53 (sp.), 63 (083106), 101 (sp.), 108*
Prosopis glandulosa J. Torrey var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Candolle. var. torreyana L. Benson): Algarroba, Chachaca, Honey Mesquite, Mesquite, Mezquite, Mizquitl, Western Honey Mesquite (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 30 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, bajadas, sandy flats, valleys, roadsides, along washes, streams and rivers and floodplains, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Povides food and shelter for many species of wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 18 (sp.), 24, 28 (sp.), 46, 52 (sp.), 53 (sp.), 63 (083106), 68, 80, 91, 101 (sp.)*
Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa (see Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa)
Prosopis juliflora var. torreyana (see Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana)
Prosopis juliflora var. velutina (see Prosopis velutina)
Prosopis pubescens G. Bentham: Fremont Screwbean, Screwbean, Screwbean Mesquite, Screwpod Mesquite, Tornillo (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (7 to 33 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from valleys, bottomlands, floodplains, seeps, along streams, rivers, ponds and water holes, occurring from 500 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Screwbean Mesquite provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 91*
Prosopis velutina E.O. Wooton (Prosopis juliflora (O. Swartz) A.P. de Candolle var. velutina (E.O. Wooton) C.S. Sargent): Algarroba, Chachaca, Mesquite, Mezquite, Mizquitl, Velvet Mesquite (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 56 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, bajadas, rocky slopes, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and streams and floodplains, occurring from 500 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Velvet Mesquite provides food and shelter for many species of wildlife. Much of the mesquite forest (bosques) originally found along the desert water courses have been lost to fuel wood cutting and clearing for agricultural fields and commercial and residential development. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53 (sp.), 58, 63 (083106), 68, 77, 80, 91, 108, WTK (1105)*
Psorothamnus spinosus (A. Gray) R.C. Barneby (Dalea spinosa A. Gray): Corona de Cristo, Indigo Bush, Indigo Thorn, Mangle, Smoke Thorn, Smokethorn Dalea, Smoketree (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (4 to 27 feet in height and 10 to 15 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from sandy washes and arroyos and in sandy and gravelly soils, occurring below 1,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental but is very frost sensitive. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 86, 91, 108*
Rhynchosia senna J. Gillies ex W.J. Hooker var. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Rhynchosia texana J. Torrey & A. Gray): Rosary Bean, Texas Snoutbean (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine (to 8 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, slopes, plains, roadsides, along creeks, floodplains and riparian areas, occurring from 2,400 to 6,100 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful in controlling erosion and as a ground cover. *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Rhynchosia texana (see Rhynchosia senna var. texana)
Senna covesii (A. Gray) J.B. Irwin & R.C. Barneby (Cassia covesii A. Gray): Coves’ Cassia, Cove Senna, Dais, Daisillo, Desert Senna, Hojasen, Rosemaria, Rattlebox, Rattleweed (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, sandy river bottoms and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Cove Cassia is a larval food plant for the Cloudless Sulfur (Phoebis sennae) and Sleepy Orange (Eurema nicippe). This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 68, 77, 82*
Tephrosia tenella (see Tephrosia vicioides)
Tephrosia vicioides D.F. Schlechtendal (Tephrosia tenella A. Gray): Red Hoarypea (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons and canyon bottoms, bases of cliffs, rocky, gravelly and sandy slopes, hills, hillsides, among boulders and rocks, soil pockets on rocky outcrops, roadsides, arroyos and gravelly, sandy and sandy loam soils, occurring from 160 to 6,100 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is suspected of being poisonous. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77, 85*
Trifolium arizonicum (see Trifolium mucronatum subsp. lacerum)
Trifolium mucronatum C.L. von Wildenow ex C.P. Sprengel subsp. lacerum (E.L. Greene) J.M. Gillett (Trifolium arizonicum E.L. Greene, Trifolium wormskioldii (also wormskjoldii) Lehmann var. arizonicum (E.L. Greene) R.C. Barneby): Cusp Clover, Spinytooth Clover (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (4 to 32 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, meadows, hills, coastal dunes, streambanks, riparian areas and wet soils, occurring from 2,400 to 7,100 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) This plant is reported to be beneficial to the soil. *5, 6, 24, 46, 58, 80 (gen.), 86*
Trifolium wormskioldii (also wormskjoldii) var. arizonicum (see Trifolium mucronatum subsp. lacerum)
Vicia exigua (see Vicia ludoviciana subsp. ludoviciana)
Vicia ludoviciana T. Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana (Vicia exigua T. Nuttall): Louisiana Vetch, Slender Vetch, Slim Vetch, Vetch (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon bottoms, ridge tops, foothills, hills, rocky hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, rock outcrops, basins, along washes and streambeds and sandy, gravelly and rocky loam soils, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16 (sp.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 85, 80 (gen.)*
Family Fagaceae: The Beech Family
Quercus ajoensis C.H. Muller (Quercus turbinella E.L. Greene var. ajoensis (C.H. Muller) E.L. Little): Ajo Mountain Scrub Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (15 to 33 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, hilltops, along stream beds and washes and moist soils, occurring from 2,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18 (gen.), 46, 63 (070106), 83 (070106), 108*
Quercus grisea F.M. Liebmann: Encino (Hispanic), Gray Oak, Scrub Oak, Shin Oak: (terrestrial perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree (7 to 65 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, foothills, hills, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, valleys, along streams and washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 4,200 to 7,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 30, 46, 52, 53, 63 (090806), 68 (gen.), 85 (090806), 108*
Quercus turbinella E.L. Greene (Quercus turbinella E.L. Greene subsp. turbinella): California Scrub Oak, Desert Scrub Oak, Scrub Oak, Scrub Live Oak, Shrub Live Oak, Sonoran Scrub Oak, Turbinella Oak, Tucker Oak (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (5 to 23 feet in height and generally about as wide as tall); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, rocky canyons, rocky slopes, hills, hillsides, rocky ravines and ravine bottoms and riparian areas, occurring from 1,500 to 8,000 feet elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The leaves are browsed by wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 18, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 58, 63 (062406), 68 (gen.), 77, 108*
Quercus turbinella
var. ajoensis (see Quercus ajoensis)
Quercus turbinella subsp. turbinella (see Quercus turbinella)
Family Fouquieriaceae: The Ocotillo Family
Fouquieria splendens G. Engelmann: Albarda, Barda, Candle Bush, Candle Wood, Coach Whip, Flamingsword, Jacob’s Staff, Monkey-tail, Ocotillo, Ocotillo del Corral, Slimwood, Vine Cactus (terrestrial perennial deciduous drought and cold) moderately succulent shrub (cluster of 6 to 100 stems 6 to 33 feet in height and 5 to 10 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, mesas, rocky and stony slopes, hills, bajadas, gravelly and sandy plains, gravelly flats and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris), Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa californica), Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers and is a preferred food plant of the Costa’s Hummingbird. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86, 91, 108*
Family Gentianaceae: The Gentian Family
Centaurium calycosum (S.B. Buckley) M.L. Fernald: Arizona Centaury, Buckley’s Centaury, Canchalgua, Centaury, Rosita (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (5 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, hillsides, moist meadows, prairies, seeps, springs, along washes, streams and creeks, river bottoms, prairies, flats, floodplains, sand bars, around pools and stock tanks, cienegas, riparian areas, disturbed areas and moist, damp and sandy soils, occurring from 150 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 77, 86*
Eustoma exaltatum (C. Linnaeus) R.A. Salisbury ex G. Don (subsp. exaltatum is the variety reported from Arizona; forma albilflorum H.C. Benke (?) has been reported from Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument): Alkali Chalice, Catchfly-gentian, Catchfly Prairie Gentian (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from seeps, springs, cienegas, boggy and swampy areas, along streams, stream beds, rivers and ditches, around ponds and lakes, riparian areas and moist and wet and sandy soils, occurring from 100 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 28, 46 (sp.)*
Family Geraniaceae: The Geranium Family
Erodium cicutarium (C. Linnaeus) C.L. L'Héritier de Brutelle: Afilaree, Agujitas (Hispanic), Alfilaria, Alfilerilla, Alfirerillo (Hispanic), Arete (Hispanic), Clocks, Common Stork’s Bill, Filaree, Heronbill, Pikuku Jasi (Purépecha), Pin-clover, Red-stem Filaree, Redstem Stork’s Bill, Semuchi (Hispanic), Storksbill (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (4 to 24 inches or more in height or length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hillsides, bajadas, plains, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides, gravelly and sandy washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 8,500+ feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 22, 24, 28, 30, 46, 58, 77, 80, 86, 101, 108*
Erodium texanum A. Gray: Alfilerilla, Desert Stork’s Bill, False Filaree, Large-flowered Stork’s Bill, Texas Stork’s Bill (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, bajadas, prairies, plains, rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Geranium carolinianum C. Linnaeus: Carolina Crane’s-bill, Carolina Geranium (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, slopes, springs, along washes, stream beds and creeks, riparian areas and moist, damp, rocky, sandy and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 1,800 to 5,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Family Hydrophyllaceae: The Waterleaf Family
Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (G. Bentham) E.L. Greene var. bipinnatifida (J. Torrey) L. Constance: Common Eucrypta, Spotted Hideseed, Torrey Eucrypta (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and gravelly flats, occurring below 3,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Eucrypta micrantha (J. Torrey) A.A. Heller: Dainty Desert Hideseed, Peluda, Smallflower Eucrypta, Small-flowered Eucrypta (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 10 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and rocky slopes and gravelly flats, occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Nama hispidum A. Gray (Nama hispidum A. Gray var. spathulatum (J. Torrey) C.L. Hitchcock): Bristly Nama, Hispid Nama, Hohr-oohit (Seri), Morada, Purple Mat, Purple Roll-leaf, Rough Nama, Sand Bells (terrestrial annual forb/herb (7 to 12 inches in height and to 16 inches in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, lava flows, bajadas, alluvial terraces, plains, gravelly and sandy flats, dunes, sand hummocks, sandy draws, roadsides, along sandy streambeds, washes and dry river bottoms, floodplains, coastal plains, riparian areas, disturbed areas and rocky cobble, sandy, sandy loam and loamy soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This small annual forb may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers have been described as being lavender, purple, violet-blue and sometimes with a white throated corolla. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 63 (091606), 77, 85 (091606), 108*
Nama hispidum var. spathulatum (see Nama hispidum)
Phacelia affinis A. Gray: Limestone Phacelia, Limestone Scorpion-weed, Purple Bell Phacelia, Purple Bell (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 10 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky mesas, canyons, hills, hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, valleys, seeps, along streams and sandy washes and rocky, sandy and sandy loam soils, occurring from 400 to 6,300 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 63 (090806), 77, 85 (090806)*
Phacelia ambigua (see Phacelia crenulata var. ambigua)
Phacelia caerulea E.L. Greene (Phacelia coerulea E.L. Greene [orthographic variant]): Blue Phacelia, Caterpillar Weed, Skyblue Phacelia (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 1,800 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Phacelia coerulea (see Phacelia caerulea)
Phacelia crenulata J. Torrey ex S. Watson: Caterpillar Weed, Cleftleaf Wildheliotrope, Common Phacelia, Desert Heliotrope, Scalloped Phacelia, Scorpion-weed, Wild-heliotrope (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, foothills, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring below 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 28, 46, 77, 80, 108*
Phacelia crenulata J. Torrey ex S. Watson var. ambigua (M.E. Jones) J.F. Macbride (Phacelia ambigua M.E. Jones): Caterpillar Weed, Notch-leaf Phacelia, Phacelia, Purplestem Phacelia, Scorpion-weed, Wild-heliotrope (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills and plains, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 28 (sp.), 46, 80 (sp.) *
Phacelia distans G. Bentham (Phacelia distans G. Bentham var. australis A. Brand): Blue Phacelia, Caterpillar Phacelia, Distant Phacelia, Fern-leaf Phacelia, Scorpion-weed, Wild-heliotrope (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (8 to 32 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Phacelia distans var. australis (see Phacelia distans)
Phacelia neglecta W. Jones: Alkali Phacelia, Alkali Scorpion-weed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 4 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, bajadas, slopes, lava flow, talus slopes, gravelly flats, desert pavement, desert varnish and stony soils, occurring below 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46*
Phacelia pedicellata A. Gray: Pedicellate Phacelia, Pedicellate Scorpion-weed, Specter Phacelia (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, dry rocky slopes, talus slopes, among boulders and rocks, rocky washes and creeks, around lakes, riparian areas and alluvial gravels and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 80*
Phacelia ramosissima D. Douglas ex J.G. Lehmann (var. latifolia (J. Torrey) A.J. Cronquist is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Branched Scorpion-weed, Branching Phacelia (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (3 to 4 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, cliffs, talus slopes, rocky slopes, along streams, riparian areas, disturbed areas and gravelly soils, occurring from 1,800 to 8,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 63 (062606), 58, 85 (062606)*
Pholistoma auritum (J. Lindley) N. Lilja (var. arizonicum (W. Jones) L. Constance is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Arizona Fiestaflower, Arizona Pholistoma, Blue Fiesta Flower, Sticky Waterleaf (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, among boulders and along washes, occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 77*
Family Krameriaceae: The Ratany Family
Krameria erecta C.L. von Wildenow (Krameria parviflora G. Bentham): Chacate, Coashui, Littleleaf Ratany, Pima Ratany, Purple Heather, Range Ratany, Small-flower Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (12 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly plains and gravelly flats, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Krameria grayi J.N. Rose & W.H. Painter: Chacate, Cosahui, Crimson-beak, Gray Ratany, White Ratany (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, dry plains, gravelly flats and rocky and sandy soils, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 24, 16, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Krameria parviflora (see Krameria
erecta)
Family Lamiaceae (Labiatae): The Mint Family
Hedeoma nana (J. Torrey) J.I. Briquet subsp. macrocalyx W.S. Stewart (Hedeoma nanum (J. Torrey) J.I. Briquet subsp. macrocalyx W.S. Stewart): Dwarf False Pennyroyal, False Pennyroyal, Low Hedeoma, Mock-pennyroyal, Oregano (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and flats, occurring from 650 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Hedeoma nanum subsp. macrocalyx (see Hedeoma nana subsp. macrocalyx)
Hyptis emoryi J. Torrey: Bee Sage, Desert Lavender, Lavender, Salvia (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (2 to 15 feet in height and 3 to 8 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, foothills, rocky slopes, among boulders and along sandy washes, occurring, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Native bees and hummingbirds visit the flowers and the seeds provide food for wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental, but is sensitive to frosts. *5, 6, 13, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 77, 91*
Monardella arizonica C.C. Epling: Arizona Monardella, Arizona Mountainbalm, Bee Balm (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky ledges in canyons and springs, occurring from 2,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46*
Salazaria mexicana J. Torrey: Bladder Sage, Mexican Bladdersage, Paper-bag Bush (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from foothills and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) The flowers and fruit are reported to be attractive. *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 48, 86*
Salvia columbariae G. Bentham (var. columbariae is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): California Chia, California Sage, Chia, Desert Chia, Desert Sage (terrestrial annual forb/herb (4 to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly bajadas, slopes, gravelly flats and along sandy washes, occurring below 4,700 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 86*
Salvia pinguifolia (M.L. Fernald) E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley: Rock Sage (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 5 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, below cliffs, hillsides, rocky slopes, woodlands, desertscrubs, rocky draws, gulches, rocky arroyos, riparian areas and rocky clay loam soils, occurring from 2,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Teucrium cubense N.J. von Jacquin var. densum (Teucrium cubense N.J. von Jacquin subsp. depressum (J.K. Small) McClintock & C.C. Epling): Combleaf Germander, Small Coast Germander, Small Coastal Germander (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from along streams and sandy washes and wet and moist soils, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 16 (sp.), 24, 46, 77*
Teucrium cubense subsp. depressum (see Teucrium cubense var. densum)
Teucrium glandulosum A. Kellogg: Common Germander, Germader (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, arroyos, washes, riparian areas, occurring from 1,400 to 4,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formation) *5, 6, 24 46*
Family Linaceae: The Flax Family
Linum lewisii F.T. Pursh (var. lewisii is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona; Linum perenne C. Linnaeus subsp. lewisii (F.T. Pursh) O.E. Hulten): Blue Flax, Lewis Flax, Prairie Flax, Western Blue Flax (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, flats and roadsides, occurring from 2,400 to 9,500 feet in elevation in the forest grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80*
Linum perenne subsp. lewisii (see Linum lewisii var. lewisii)
Family Loasaceae: Blazingstar Family
Eucnide rupestris (H.E. Baillon) H.J. Thompson & W.R. Ernst (Sympeteleia rupestris (H.E. Baillon) A. Gray: Flor de la Piedra, Rock Nettle, Rock Stingbush, Velcro Plant (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, rocky cliffs and cliff faces, rocky slopes, among rocks, above coves, washes, tanks and rocky soils, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 24, 46, 85*
Mentzelia affinis E.L. Greene: Blazing Star, Pega Pega, Stickleaf, Triangle-seed, Yellowcomet (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, roadsides and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Mentzelia involucrata S. Watson: Bracted Blazing Star, Desert Blazing Star, Sand Blazing Star, Blazing Star, Whitebract Blazingstar, Whitebract Stickleaf (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, talus slopes, rocky and gravelly hillsides, rocky slopes, bajadas, among boulders, terraces, desert flats, along washes and rivers and dry and rocky and sandy soils, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (081106), 85 (081106)*
Mentzelia isolata H.S. Gentry: Isolated Blazingstar (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, talus slopes, rock outcrops, springs, washes, riparian areas and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 3,500 to 5,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 48 (gen.)*
Mentzelia multiflora (T. Nuttall) A. Gray: Adonis Blazingstar, Adonis Stickleaf, Blazingstar, Desert Blazingstar, Desert Mentzelia, Manyflowered Mentzelia (terrestrial biennial or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, gravelly flats, sand dunes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 600 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 48 (gen.), 63 (070606)*
Petalonyx linearis E.L. Greene: Longleaf Sandpaper Plant, Long-leaved Sandpaper Plant, Narrowleaf Sandpaper Plant (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, cliff faces, rocky hills, rocky, gravelly and sandy slopes, washes, floodplains and in rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 13, 24, 46, 91*
Petalonyx thurberi A. Gray (subsp. thurberi is the subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Sandpaper Plant, Thurber‘s Sandpaper Plant (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (1 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, plains, dunes, arroyos, sandy washes and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 24, 46 (sp.), 91*
Sympeteleia rupestris (see Eucnide rupestris)
Family Malpighiaceae: The Barbados-cherry Family
Janusia gracilis A. Gray: Desert Vine, Fermina, Slender Janusia (terrestrial perennial deciduous forb/herb or vine (18 inches to 10 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky mountainsides, rocky canyons, canyon bottoms, rocky hills, gravelly ridges, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among rocks, volcanic plugs, gravelly bajadas, alluvial fans and canyons, gravelly flats, along perennial streams, sandy washes and creeks, rocky stream beds and banks, gullies, rocky arroyo bottoms, flood plains, riparian areas and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils and rocky clay loam and clay loam soils, occurring from 500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Slender Janusia is a food plant of the Sonoran Desert Tortoise. (Gopherus agassizi) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are yellow and the fruit wings are reddish. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 63 (090206), 77, 85 (090206)*
Family Malvaceae: The Mallow Family
Abutilon abutiloides (N.J. von Jacquin) C.A. Garcke ex N.L. Britton & W.M. Wilson [Abutilon californicum G. Bentham sensu Kearney and Peebles, Arizona Flora]: Berlandier Abutilon, Indian Mallow, Shrubby Indian Mallow (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (6 to 7 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas and along washes, occurring between 2,000 and 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Shrubby Indian Mallow is a food and nesting plant of the caterpillar of the Arizona Powdered-skipper (Systaceae zampa). *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 77*
Abutilon incanum (J.H. Link) R. Sweet: Hoary Abutilon, Hoary Indian Mallow, Indian Mallow, Pelotazo, Pelotazo Chico, Tronadora (terrestrial perennial evergreen subshrub or shrub (20 inches to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, gravelly plains and along arroyos, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 91*
Abutilon malacum S. Watson: Indian Mallow, Yellow Abutilon, Yellow Indian Mallow (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, cliffs, rocky slopes, rocky ravines, bajadas, hilltops, along washes, floodplains and rocky soils, occurring from 1,700 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 77*
Abutilon palmeri A. Gray: Indian Mallow, Palmer’s Indian Mallow (terrestrial perennial shrub (6 to 8 feet in height and to 5 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, rocky hills and rocky slopes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation; useful as an ornamental in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 28, 46*
Anoda abutiloides A. Gray: False Indian Mallow, Indian Anoda (terrestrial annual forb/herb or subshrub (2 to 5¼ feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, among rocks, valleys, along washes and streambeds, around pools and riparian areas, occurring from 1,500 to 5,200 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 15, 46, 58*
Anoda pentaschista A. Gray: Field Anoda (terrestrial summer annual herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, fields, roadsides, along washes, cienegas, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Eremalche exilis (A. Gray) E.L. Greene (Malvastrum exile A. Gray): Five Spot, White Mallow (terrestrial winter annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains and mesas, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Gayoides crispum (see Herissantia crispa)
Herissantia crispa (C. Linnaeus) G.K. Brizicky (Gayoides crispum (C. Linnaeus) J.K. Small): Bladdermallow, Curly Abutilon, False Indian Mallow, Netvein Herissantia (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb, vine or subshrub (to 2 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes and gravelly flats, occurring below 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Bladdermallow is a food and nesting plant of the caterpillar of the Erichson’s White-skipper (Heliopetes domicella). *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Hibiscus biseptus S. Watson: Arizona Rosemallow, Malvita, Sonoran Rose Mallow (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky hills and rocky slopes, occurring from 3,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Hibiscus coulteri W.H. Harvey ex A. Gray: Coulter Hibiscus, Desert Rosemallow, Pelotazo (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (3 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon walls, hillsides, rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas, occurring from 1,500 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 86*
Hibiscus denudatus G. Bentham: Naked Hibiscus, Paleface, Pale Face Mallow, Paleface Rosemallow, Rock Hibiscus (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hills, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and washes, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24 (recoded as Hibiscus denudatus Bentham var. denudatus), 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 86*
Horsfordia alata (S. Watson) A. Gray: Big Feltplant, Malva Blanca, Mariola, Pink Felt Plant, Pink Velvetmallow (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (6 to 14 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among boulders, sandy washes, arroyos, dry river bottoms, stock tanks, riparian areas rocky, pebbly and sandy soils, occurring from 200 to 2,600 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 63 (062506), 85 (062506), 91*
Horsfordia newberryi (S. Watson) A. Gray: Newberry’s Velvetmallow, Orange Velvet-mallow, Yellow Felt Plant (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (7 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 24, 46, 77, 91*
Malva parviflora C. Linnaeus: Cheese Weed, Cheeseweed Mallow, Little Mallow, Malva, Small-flowered Malva, Small-whorl Mallow (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb (1 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, roadsides and disturbed areas, occurring below 8,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 101*
Malvastrum bicuspidatum (S. Watson) J.N. Rose: Malva Peluda, Mexican Shrub Mallow, Shrubby False Mallow, Tachi (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (6 to 7 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky hillsides and rocky slopes, occurring from 3,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 13, 24 (recorded as Malvastrum bicuspidatum (S. Watson) Rose subsp. bicuspidatum), 46, 77*
Malvastrum exile (see Eremalche exilis)
Rhynchosida physocalyx (A. Gray) P.A. Fryxell (Sida physocalyx A. Gray): Buffpetal, Spearleaf Sida, Tuberous Rhynchosida (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (6 inches to 3 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, gravelly bajadas, along washes, floodplains and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77*
Sida abutifolia P. Miller (Sida filicaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray, Sida procumbens E.J. Schwartz): Spreading Fanpetals, Spreading Sida (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains and gravelly and sandy flats, occurring from 2,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Sida filicaulis (see Sida abutifolia)
Sida physocalyx (see Rhynchosida physocalyx)
Sida procumbens (see Sida abutifolia)
Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray subsp. ambigua: Apricot Globemallow, Apricot Mallow, Desert Hollyhock, Desert Globemallow, Desert Mallow, Globe Mallow, Mal de Ojo, Mountain Apricot Mallow, Plantas Muy Malas, Sore-eye Poppy (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (20 to 40 inches in height and 2 to 3 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Apricot Mallow is browsed by Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18, 24, 28, 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.), 68 (gen.), 77, 86*
Sphaeralcea coulteri (S. Watson) A. Gray: Coulter’s Globemallow (terrestrial annual forb/herb or subshrub (8 to 60 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, gravelly and sandy flats and roadsides, occurring below 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 68 (gen.), 77, 86*
Sphaeralcea emoryi J. Torrey ex A. Gray (Sphaeralcea emoryi J. Torrey ex A. Gray var. californica (S.B. Parish) L.H. Shinners, Sphaeralcea emoryi J. Torrey ex A. Gray var. variabilis (T.D. Cockerell) T.H. Kearney): Emory’s Globemallow, Mal de Ojo (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, flats and roadsides, occurring below 3,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 68, 77*
Sphaeralcea emoryi var. californica (see Sphaeralcea emoryi)
Sphaeralcea emoryi var. variabilis (see Sphaeralcea emoryi)
Sphaeralcea laxa E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley: Caliche Globemallow, Mal de Ojo (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and roadsides, occurring from 2,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 68, 77*
Family Molluginaceae: The Carpetweed Family
(genus Mollugo formerly placed in Aizoaceae)
Mollugo cerviana (C. Linnaeus) N.C. Seringe: Threadstem Carpetweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly flats, occurring from about 1,500 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 77*
Family Moraceae: The Mulberry Family
Ficus carica C. Linnaeus: Common Fig, Edible Fig, Ficu, Fig, Picu (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (15 to 30 feet in height; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, foothills, hillsides, near springs, riparian areas and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 5,200 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC. *5, 6, 18, 24, 26, 63 (062506), 85 (0602506)*
Morus microphylla S.B. Buckley: Dwarf Mulberry, Mexican Mulberry, Mountain Mulberry, Small-leaved Mulberry, Texas Mulberry, Western Mulberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (to 20 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, below cliffs, along washes and streams and moist soils, occurring from 1,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The fruits are eaten by wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 52, 53, 58, 77, 108*
Family Nyctaginaceae: The Four-o’clock Family
Abronia villosa S. Watson: Desert Sand Verbena, Hairy Sand Verbena, Sand Verbena (terrestrial annual forb/herb (12 inches in height with stems trailing to 3 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from sandy flats, dunes, roadsides and sandy soils, occurring, occurring below 1,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reported to be fragrant. *5, 6, 28, 46, 63 (070306), 108*
Allionia incarnata C. Linnaeus: Guapile, Herba de la Hormiga, Pink Three-flower, Trailing Allionia, Trailing Four O’Clock, Trailing Windmills, Umbrella Wort, Windmills (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 4 inches in height and with stems 6 inches to 10 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, sandy plains, along washes, roadsides, waste places, disturbed areas and gravely and sandy soils, occurring from below 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 86*
Boerhavia coccinea P. Miller: Indian Boerhaavia, Red Spiderling, Scarlet Spiderling, Wine-fower (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (stems trailing 1 to 6 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from foothills, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and streambeds and disturbed areas, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 108*
Boerhavia erecta C. Linnaeus: Erect Spiderling, Five Winged Spiderling, Hamip Caacöl (Seri), Mochi, Spiderling (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, hills, rocky slopes, soil pockets in rocky outcrops, alluvial fans, rocky bottomland, valley plains and bottoms, roadsides, along sandy washes, rocky arroyos and stream beds, flood plains, riparian areas, waste places, disturbed areas and sandy soils, occurring from 100 to 5,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 63 (081206), 85 (090806)*
Boerhavia intermedia W. Jones: Fivewing Spiderling, Five-winged Ringstem, Mochi, Spreading Spiderling (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, damp soil in floodplains, along washes and streambeds, disturbed areas and damp soils, occurring from 1,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58*
Boerhavia megaptera P.C. Standley: Tucson Mountain Spiderling, Winged Spiderling (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 2,300 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Boerhavia pterocarpa S. Watson: Apache Pass Spiderling (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, roadsides, flood plains and sandy soils, occurring from 2,400 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 63 (090806), 85 (090806)*
Boerhavia scandens C. Linnaeus (Commicarpus scandens (C. Linnaeus) P.C. Standley): Bush Spiderling, Climbing Wartclub, Miona, Pega-polla (terrestrial perennial subshrub or vine; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats and along washes and streambeds, occurring from 2,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Boerhavia spicata J.D. Choisy: Creeping Spiderling, Mochi (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, flats, roadsides and along washes and streambeds, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Boerhavia wrightii A. Gray: Creeping Stickstem, Fourwing Spiderling, Large-bracted Boerhaavia, Largebract Spiderling, Mochi, Spiderling, Wright Spiderling (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Commicarpus scandens (see Boerhavia scandens)
Mirabilis bigelovii (see Mirabilis laevis var. villosa)
Mirabilis bigelovii var. bigelovii (see Mirabilis laevis var. villosa)
Mirabilis laevis (G. Bentham) M.C. Curran var. villosa (A. Kellogg) R.W. Spellenberg (Mirabilis bigelovii A. Gray, Mirabilis bigelovii A. Gray var. bigelovii): Bigelow Four O’clock, Desert Wishbone Bush, Wishbone-bush (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains and rocky mountainsides, canyons, hills, hillsides, rocky slopes, among boulders and rocks, flats, along washes and arroyos, stream beds and rocky and gravelly loam soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 77*
Mirabilis multiflora (J. Torrey) A. Gray: Colorado Four O’Clock, Desert Four O’Clock, Manyflowered Four O’Clock, Maravilla, Showy Four O’Clock, Wild Four O’Clock (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (10 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, bases of cliffs, meadows, foothills, hillsides, slopes, among rocks, roadsides, springs, washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 2,500 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48, 77, 86*
Family Oleaceae: The Olive Family
Forestiera phillyreoides (see Forestiera shrevei)
Forestiera shrevei P.C. Standley (Forestera phillyreoides (G. Bentham) J. Torrey): Desert Olive, Desert-olive Forestiera, Forestiera, Palo de Tucublate, Shreve Desert Olive, Tanglebrush, Tanglebush, Wild Olive, Twinberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous to nearly evergreen shrub or tree (3 to 25 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons and canyon walls, rocky slopes and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 24, 28, 30, 46, 52, 53, 58, 77, 108*
Menodora scabra A. Gray (Menodora scoparia G. Engelmann ex A. Gray): Rough Desert Olive, Rough Menodora, Twinberry, Twinfruit, Yellow Menodora (terrestrial perennial deciduous forb/herb or subshrub (6 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from dry mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,500 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the woodland grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Rough Menodora is an important browse plant for wildlife. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48, 63 (062706), 77, 86*
Menodora scoparia (see Menodora scabra)
Family Onagraceae: The Evening-primrose Family
Camissonia boothii (D. Douglas) J.E. Raven subsp. condensata (P.A. Munz) J.E. Raven (Oenothera decorticans (W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott) E.L. Greene (var. condensata P.A. Munz is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona)): Booth Evening-primrose, Booth Suncop, Shredding Suncup, Woody Bottle-washer (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert hills, flats, valleys, open deserts, roadsides, sandy washes and desert pavement, occurring below 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Camissonia californica (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) J.E. Raven (Eulobus californicus T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray, Oenothera leptocarpa E.L. Greene): California Suncup, Mustard Camissonia, Mustard Evening-primrose (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, plains, flats and along washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Camissonia chamaenerioides (A. Gray) J.E. Raven (Oenothera chamaeneriodes A. Gray): Desert Evening Primrose, Longcapsule Suncup, Long-capsuled Primrose, Long-fruit Suncup, Willow-herb Primrose (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Camissonia claviformis (J. Torrey & J.C. Frémont) J.E. Raven subsp. aurantiaca (P.A. Munz) J.E. Raven (Oenothera clavaeformis J. Torrey & J.C. Frémont var. aurantiaca (S. Watson) P.A. Munz): Brown-eyed Primrose, Browneyes, Clavate-fruited Primrose (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy flats, sandy places and along washes, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Camissonia claviformis (J. Torrey & J.C. Frémont) J.E. Raven subsp. peeblesii (P.A. Munz) J.E. Raven (Oenothera clavaeformis J. Torrey & J.C. Frémont var. peeblesii P.A. Munz): Peebles’ Browneyes (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, rocky hillsides, desertscrubs, flats, along washes, riparian areas, sandy soils and disturbed areas, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Camissonia claviformis (J. Torrey & J.C. Frémont) J.E. Raven subsp. rubescens (J.E. Raven) J.E. Raven (Oenothera clavaeformis J. Torrey & J.C. Frémont var. rubescens J.E. Raven): Brown-eyed Primrose, Browneyes, Clavate-fruited Primrose (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, dunes, lava flows, desert valleys and sandy soils, occurring from 700 to 1,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 48 (gen.)*
Epilobium canum (E.L. Greene) J.E. Raven subsp. latifoliium (W.J.Hooker) J.E. Raven (Zauschneria californica K. Presl subsp. latifolia (W.J. Hooker) K. Keck, Zauschneria latifolia (W.J. Hooker) E.L. Greene var. arizonica (A. Davidson) M.L. Hilend) is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona)): Arizona Trumpet, California Firechalice, California Fuchsia, Hummingbird Trumpet (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (1 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, ridges, among rocks, along washes and damp soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The flowers produce a nectar which serves as an important food source for hummingbirds. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 18, 24, 28, 46, 58, 86 (sp.)*
Eulobus californicus (see Camissonia californica)
Gaura parviflora D. Douglas ex J.G. Lehmann (Gaura parviflora D. Douglas ex J.G. Lehmann var. glabra P.A. Munz, Gaura parviflora D. Douglas ex J.G. Lehmann var. lachnocarpa C.A. Weatherby): Butterfly Weed, Downy Gaura, Lizard Tail, Lizardtail Gaura, Small-flowered Gaura, Tall Gaura, Velvet Leaf Gaura, Velvet Leaved Gaura, Velvetweed, Velvety Gaura, Willow Gaura (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, flats, roadsides, along sandy washes, low-lying areas, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 6,800 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 101*
Gaura parviflora var. glabra (see Gaura parviflora)
Gaura parviflora var. lachnocarpa (see Gaura parviflora)
Oenothera arizonica (P.A. Munz) W.L. Wagner (Oenothera californica (S. Watson) S. Watson subsp. arizonica (P.A. Munz) W.E. Klein, Oenothera deltoides J. Torrey & J.C. Frémont var. arizonica P.A. Munz): Arizona Primrose, California Evening-primrose (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 12 inches in height with stems 4 to 40 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky ridges, sandy flats, desertscrub, dunes, washes, sandy river bottoms, disturbed areas and sandy soils, occurring from 1,700 to 1,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Oenothera californica subsp. arizonica (see Oenothera arizonica)
Oenothera chamaeneriodes (see Camissonia chamaenerioides)
Oenothera clavaeformis var. aurantiaca (see Camissonia claviformis subsp. aurantiaca)
Oenothera clavaeformis var. peeblesii (see Camissonia claviformis subsp. peeblesii)
Oenothera clavaeformis var. rubescens (see Camissonia claviformis subsp. rubescens)
Oenothera decorticans var. condensata (see Camissonia boothii subsp. condensata)
Oenothera deltoides var. arizonica (see Oenothera arizonica)
Oenothera leptocarpa (Camissonia californica)
Oenothera primiveris A. Gray: Bottle Evening Primrose, Desert Evening-primrose, Large Yellow Desert Primrose, Sundrop, Yellow Desert Evening-primrose, Yellow Desert Primrose (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 4 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas and rocky and gravelly flats, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Zauschneria californica subsp. latifolia (see Epilobium canum subsp. latifolium)
Zauschneria latifolia var. arizonica (see Epilobium canum subsp. latifoliium)
Family Orobanchaceae: The Broom-rape Family
Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A.A. Heller: Broom Rape, Burro Weed Strangler, Cancer-root, Desert Broomrape, Flor de Tierra, Louisiana Broomrape (terrestrial annual (root parasitic) forb/herb (4 to 15 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, sand dunes, flats, sandy washes, riparian areas, disturbed areas and sandy and sandy clay soils, occurring from 200 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 63 (082406), 77, 85 (090806)*
Orobanche fasciculata T. Nuttall (Orobanche fasciculata T. Nuttall var. lutea (C.C. Parry) D.B. Achey): Cancer-root, Clustered Broomrape, Purple Broomrape, Tufted Broomrape (terrestrial annual (root parasitic) forb/herb (to 4 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, hillsides, slopes, craters, meadows, volcanic cinders, sand dunes, sandy washes and gravelly and sandy clay soils, occurring from 3,800 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 63 (090806), 85 (090806)*
Orobanche fasciculata var. lutea (see Orobanche fasciculata)
Family Oxalidaceae: The Wood-sorrel Family
Oxalis albicans K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth: Radishroot Woodasorrel (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rock faces, cave openings, ravines, springs, washes, streambeds, creeks, mesquite bosques, riparian woodlands and moist soils, occurring from 2,500 to 7,500 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 80 (gen.)*
Family Papaveraceae: The Poppy Family
Argemone gracilenta E.L. Greene: Cardo, Crested Pricklepoppy, Crested Prickly Poppy, Prickly Poppy, Sonoran Pricklypoppy (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from desert flats, roadsides, along arroyos and washes, disturbed areas and rocky and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 900 to 3,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 68 (gen.), 77, 80*
Argemone mexicana var. ochroleuca (see Argemone ochroleuca)
Argemone ochroleuca R. Sweet (Argemone mexicana R. Sweet var. ochroleuca (R. Sweet) J. Lindley): Cardo, Pale Mexican Pricklypoppy, Prickle Poppy, Yellow Pricklepoppy, Yellow Prickly Poppy (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from bajadas, flats, roadsides, washes, arroyos and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,300 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 68 (gen.), 77, 80*
Eschscholzia californica L.K. von Chamisso subsp. mexicana (E.L. Greene) J.C. Clark (Eschscholtzia mexicana E.L. Greene): Amapola, Amorilla, Amopola del Campo (Poppy of the Countryside), California Poppy, Desert Gold Poppy, Gold Poppy, Mexican Gold Poppy (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (8 to 24 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, rocky and gravelly slopes, ridge tops, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats and roadsides, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 58, 77, 86, 108*
Eschscholtzia mexicana (see Eschscholzia californica subsp. mexicana)
Eschscholzia minutiflora S. Watson: Little Gold Poppy, Pygmy Goldenpoppy, Pygmy Poppy (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 20 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, among rocks, sandy flats, gravelly and sandy washes, riverbeds, floodplains and sandy soils, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46*
Family Pedaliaceae (Martyniaceae): The Sesame Family
Proboscidea althaeifolia (G. Bentham) J. Decaisne (Proboscidea arenaria (G. Engelmann) J. Decaisne): Cuernitos, Desert Devil’s-claw, Desert Unicorn-plant, Devil’s Claw, Devil’s-horn, Elephant Tusks, Gato, Guernito, Red Devil’s Claw, Roundbrack Devil’s Claw, Sand Devil’s Claw, Torito, Una de Gato (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (to 12 inches in height and 3 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, bajadas, plains, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides, sandy washes and sandy soils, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Proboscidea arenaria (see Proboscidea althaeifolia)
Proboscidea parviflora (E.O. Wooton) P.C. Standley subsp. parviflora: Cuernitos, Devil’s Claw, Doubleclaw, Elephant Tusks, New Mexico Devil’s-claw, Small-flowered Devil’s-claw, Elephant Tusks, Guernito, Red Devil’s Claw, Small-flowered Unicorn Plant, Torito, Una de Gato, Unicorn Plant (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 3 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, plains, gravelly flats, roadsides, washes and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Family Phytolaccaceae: Pokeweed Family
Rivina humilis C. Linnaeus: Bloodberry Rougeplant, Coralito, Hierba del Cáncer (Hispanic), Pigeon Berry, Rougeplant (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or vine (to 60 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, among boulders, along washes and creeks, ravines and riparian areas, occurring from 1,500 to 5,200 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 30, 46, 58*
Family Plantaginaceae: The Plantain Family
Plantago fastigiata (see Plantago ovata)
Plantago insularis (see Plantago ovata)
Plantago ovata P. Forsskal (Plantago fastigiata J. Morris, Plantago insularis A. Eastwood, Plantago insularis A. Eastwood var. fastigiata (J. Morris) W.L. Jepson): Blond Psyllium, Desert Indianwheat, Fleaseed, Fleawort, Indian Wheat, Psyllium (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly and sandy bajadas, plains and gravelly flats, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (080806), 77, 108*
Plantago patagonica N.J. von Jacquin (Plantago patagonica N.J. von Jacquin var. gnaphaloides (T. Nuttall) A. Gray, Plantago purshii J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes): Bristle Bract Plantain, Indian Wheat, Pastora, Pursh Plantain, Woolly Plantain (terrestrial annual forb/herb (3 to 10 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, washes, streambeds, disturbed areas and damp and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 28, 48 (gen..), 58, 77, 101*
Plantago patagonica var. gnaphaloides (see Plantago patagonica)
Plantago purshii (see Plantago patagonica)
Family Plumbaginaceae: The Leadwort Family
Plumbago zeylanica C. Linnaeus: White Leadwort, Wild Leadwort (terrestrial perennial vine or shrub (3 to 10 feet in height)) EXOTIC. *5, 6, 24, 63 (062506), 85 (062506 - no records)*
Family Polemoniaceae: The Phlox Family
Eriastrum diffusum (A. Gray) F. Mason: Blue Star, Miniature Starflower, Miniature Woollystar, Miniature Wool Star, Starflower, Woollystar (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 4½ inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Eriastrum eremicum (W.L. Jepson) F. Mason: Desert Eriastrum, Desert Woolstar, Desert Woollystar (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, mesas, sandy ridges, knolls, hillsides, slopes, dry plains, sandy flats, sandy washes, along creeks, gravelly and moist sandy soils, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Gilia bigelovii (see Linanthus bigelovii)
Gilia flavocincta A. Nelson subsp. australis (V. Grant & A.D. Grant) M.A. Day & V. Grant (Gilia ophthalmoides A. Brand var. australis V. Grant & A.D. Grant): Gilia, Gily-flower, Lesser Yellowthroat Gilia, Yellowthroat Gily-flower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, rocky hills, hillsides, rocky outcrops, flats, along washes and streams, floodplains, riparian areas, rocky or sandy soils and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,800 to 6,900 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 77*
Gilia multiflora (see Ipomopsis multiflora)
Gilia ophthalmoides var. australis (see Gilia flavocincta subsp. australis)
Gilia stellata A.A. Heller: Star Gilia, Star Gily-flower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky mountainsides, canyons, rocky and sandy slopes, hills, gravelly hillsides, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, rocky and gravelly roadsides, along washes and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 400 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 77*
Ipomopsis multiflora (T. Nuttall) V. Grant (Gilia multiflora T. Nuttall): Many-flower Gilia, Manyflowered Gilia, Manyflowered Ipomopsis (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (1 to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and rocky canyon walls, mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, rocky outcrops, among boulders, roadsides, along streams and washes, gulches, ravines, rocky drainages, lake beds, and rocky, sandy, sandy silty, gravelly clay and gravelly loam and sandy loam soils, occurring from 3,200 to 9,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 63 (090906), 85 (090906)*
Langloisia setosissima (J. Torrey & A. Gray ex J. Torrey) E.L. Greene subsp. setosissima: Great Basin Langloisia, Moth Langloisia (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, hills, rocky hillsides, bajadas, roadsides, sandy washes and desert pavement and rocky gravelly, sandy and clay loam soils and disturbed areas, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Linanthus aureus (T. Nuttall) E.L. Greene: Desert Gold, Golden Linanthus, Yellow Linanthus (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 4 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky, gravelly and sandy slopes, dry plains, flats and sandy soils, occurring from 2,000 to 6,800 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Linanthus bigelovii (A. Gray) E.L. Greene (Gilia bigelovii A. Gray): Bigelow Gilia, Bigelow’s Linanthus (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from dry mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Linanthus demissus (A. Gray) E.L. Greene: Desertsnow, Linanthus (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 4 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from sandy soils, occurring below 2,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46*
Phlox tenuifolia E. Nelson.: Desert Phlox, Santa Catalina Mountain Phlox, Vine Phlox (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and banks of washes, occurring from 1,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 77*
Family Polygalaceae: The Milkwort Family
Polygala macradenia A. Gray: Glandleaf Milkwort, Milkwort (terrestrial perennial subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, ridges and gravelly flats, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 77*
Family Polygonaceae: The Buckwheat Family
Chorizanthe brevicornu J. Torrey var. brevicornu: Brittle Spineflower, Short-horn Spine-flower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring below 3,100 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Chorizanthe corrugata (J. Torrey) J. Torrey & A. Gray: Corrugated Spiny-herb, Wrinkled Chorizanthe, Wrinkled Spineflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the reange of this species it has been reported from mesas, bajadas, hills, lava flows, sandy flats, dunes, roadsides, sandy washes and desert pavement, rocky, gravelly and sandy and silt loam soils, occurring below 1,700 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Chorizanthe rigida (J. Torrey) J. Torrey & A. Gray: Devil’s Spineflower, Devil’s Spiny-herb, Rigid Spineflower, Rigid Spiny Herb, Turk’s Rug (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 4 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly and sandy bajadas and gravelly flats, occurring below 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 77*
Eriogonum abertianum J. Torrey (Eriogonum abertianum J. Torrey var. abertianum [superfluous autonym], Eriogonum abertianum J. Torrey var. cyclosepalum (E.L. Greene) F.R. Fosberg): Abert’s Buckwheat, Abert Wild Buckwheat, Wild Buckwheat (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, foothills, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,500 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Eriogonum abertianum var. abertianum (see Eriogonum abertianum)
Eriogonum clutei (see Eriogonum deflexum var. deflexum)
Eriogonum deflexum J. Torrey (var. deflexum is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona; Eriogonum clutei P.A. Rydberg, Eriogonum deflexum J. Torrey var. turbinatum (J.K. Small) J.L. Reveal): Flatcrown Buckwheat, Flatcrowned Wild Buckwheat, Flat-topped Buckwheat, Skeleton Weed, Skeleton Weed Eriogonum (terrestrial annual forb/herb (6 to 18 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, waste places, disturbed areas and rocky soils, occurring below 4,400 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 68, 77*
Eriogonum deflexum var. turbinatum (see Eriogonum deflexum var. deflexum)
Eriogonum fasciculatum G. Bentham var. polifolium (G. Bentham) J. Torrey & A. Gray (Eriogonum polifolium G. Bentham): Bladderstem, California Buckwheat, Desert Trumpet, Eastern Mojave Buckwheat, Flat-top Buckwheat, Flat-top Buckwheat-brush, Indian Pipe-weed, Maderista (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, hillsides, flats and along washes, occurring from 1,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers have been reported to be slightly fragrant. *5, 6, 13, 18 (gen. & sp.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Eriogonum inflatum J. Torrey & J.C. Fremont var. inflatum: Bladder Stem, Desert Trumpet, Indian Pipe-weed (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (8 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky and sandy slopes, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 86*
Eriogonum polifolium (see Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium)
Eriogonum thomasii J. Torrey: Thomas Buckwheat, Thomas’ Buckwheat, Thomas Wild Buckwheat, Wild Buckwheat (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, hills, hillsides, bajadas, sandy flats, arroyos, along sandy washes, floodplains, disturbed areas and rocky, gravelly, sandy and silt soils, occurring below 3,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Eriogonum trichopes J. Torrey (var. trichopes is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Little Desert Buckwheat, Little Deserttrumpet, Little Trumpet, Yellow Trumpet (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, hills, gravelly bajadas, gravelly flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16 (sp.), 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Eriogonum wrightii J. Torrey ex G Bentham var. nodosum (J.K. Small) J.L. Reveal: Bastardsage, Bastardsage, Wright Buckwheat, Wright Buckwheat Brush (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (6 inches 3 feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, hills, rocky hillsides, ridge tops, rocky and gravelly slopes, rocky outcrops, rock crevices, among boulders, springs, rocky banks of washes and rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,400 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant is an important browse plant for deer. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46 (sp.), 48 (gen.), 63 (090906), 85 (090906)*
Polygonum argyrocoleon E.G. von Steudel ex Kunz: Persian Knotweed, Silversheath, Silversheath Knotweed (terrestrial annual forb/herb (8 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, draws, sand bars, riparian areas, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Weed. *5, 6, 24, 46, 68, 80, 101*
Pterostegia drymarioides F.E. von Fischer & C.A. Mey: Spreading Buckwheat, Woodland Pterostegia, Woodland Threadstem (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and recesses beneath boulder, occurring below 4,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46*
Rumex hymenosepalus J. Torrey: Canaigra, Canaigre Dock, Desert Rhubarb, Dock; Sorrel, Wild Rhubarb (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (12 inches to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, roadsides, along sandy washes and streambeds, stagnant pools, disturbed areas and moist and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 48, 58, 68, 80*
Family Portulacaceae: The Purselane Family
Calandrinia ciliata (L.H. Ruiz & J.A. Pavon) A.P. de Candolle (Calandrinia ciliata (L.H. Ruiz & J.A. Pavon) A.P. de Candolle var. menziesii (W.J. Hooker) J.F. Macbride): Desert Rock Purslane, Fringed Redmaids, Red Maids, Rock Purslane (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 16 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, hills, plains, gravelly flats, seeps, along washes, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring from 1,500 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 63 (083006), 77, 86, 101*
Calandrinia ciliata var. menziesii (see Calandrinia ciliata)
Calyptridium monandrum (see Cistanthe monandra)
Cistanthe monandra (T. Nuttall) M.A. Hershkovitz (Calyptridium monandrum T. Nuttall): Common Pussypaws, Sand Cress (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky ridgetops, sandy bajadas, slopes, plains, gravelly and sandy flats and along sandy washes, occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Claytonia perfoliata J. Donn ex C.L. von Wildenow subsp. mexicana (P.A. Rydberg) J.M. Miller & K.L. Chambers: Indian Lettuce, Miner’s Lettuce (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms and among boulders, occurring from 2,400 to 3,565 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 80 (sp.)*
Phemeranthus aurantiacus (G. Engelmann) Kiger (Talinum angustissimum (A. Gray) E.O. Wooton & P.C. Standley, Talinum aurantiacum G. Engelmann): Flame Flower, Orange Flame Flower, Talinum, Yellow Flame Flower (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (6 to 14 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, rocky outcrops, plains, flats, streambeds and damp soils, occurring from 2,200 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 8, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Portulaca coronata (see Portulaca umbraticola subsp umbraticola)
Portulaca halimoides C. Linnaeus (Portulaca parvula A. Gray): Dwarf Purslane, Silkcotton Purslane, Sinkerleaf Purselane (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, plains, flats, valleys, roadsides, washes, floodplains, disturbed areas and sandy and rocky loam soils, occurring below 9,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46*
Portulaca lanceolata (see Portulaca umbraticola)
Portulaca oleracea C. Linnaeus (Portulaca retusa G. Engelmann by E.D. Hatch et al): Chamó (Tarahumara), Chamokó (Hispanic), Common Purslane, Little Hogweed, Pursley, Pusley, Roughseed Purslane, Sa´luchi (Tarahumara), Verdolaga (Hispanic), Verdolagas (Hispanic), Verdolaguilla (Hispanic), Western Pulsey, Wild Portulaca, Xakua Tsirakua (Purépecha), Yiwa Xiquitú (Hispanic), (terrestrial annual forb/herb (2 to 16 inches in height and 2 inches to 2 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, mesas, rocky slopes, clearings in forests, meadows, bajadas, plains, flats, streambeds, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring from 4,000 to 8,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 18, 24, 28, 30, 46, 68, 77, 80, 86, 101*
Portulaca parvula (see Portulaca halimoides)
Portulaca retusa (see Portulaca oleracea)
Portulaca suffrutescens G. Engelmann: Shrubby Purslane (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, sandy bajadas, plains and along roadways, occurring from 3,000 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Portulaca umbraticola subsp lanceolata (see Portulaca umbraticola subsp umbraticola)
Portulaca umbraticola K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth subsp umbraticola (Portulaca lanceolata G. Engelmann non A.H. Haworth, Portulaca umbraticola K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth subsp lanceolata (G. Engelmann) J.H. Matthews & D.W. Ketron): Purslane, Wingpod Purslane (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, rocky slopes, among boulders, cracks and crevices in rocks, plains, flats, roadsides, streambeds, tinajas and dry soils, occurring from 2,500 to 4,300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46 (sp.), 63 (090906), 85 (090906)*
Talinum angustissimum (see Phemeranthus aurantiacus)
Talinum aurantiacum (see Phemeranthus aurantiacus)
Talinum paniculatum (N.J. von Jacquin) J. Gaertner: Jewels of Opar, Pink Baby Breath, Rama del Sapo (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, among rocks, flats, washes and rich soils, occurring from 2,900 to 5,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Family Primulaceae: The Primrose Family
Anagallis arvensis C. Linnaeus: Hierba del Pájaro (Hispanic), Jaboncillo (Hispanic), Pimpernel, Poorman’s-westherglass, Saponaria (Hispanic), Scarlet Pimpernel, Xukurhi Xapu (Michoacán) (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (stems 4 to 20 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, meadows, roadsides, gulches, along streams and dry river beds, around pools, riparian areas, disturbed areas and wet and moist soils, occurring from 900 to 9,300 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC. This plant is poisonous. *5, 6, 24, 30, 46, 63 (081906), 85 (081906), 86*
Androsace occidentalis F.T. Pursh: Rock Jasmine, Western Rockjasmine (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, flats, ephemeral seeps and along washes and streams, streambeds and damp soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Family Punicaceae: The Pomegranate Family
Punica granatum C. Linnaeus: Pomegranate (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (8 to 20 feet in height and to about 10 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from along washes, around ponds, riparian areas and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC. *5, 6, 18, 24, 26*
Family Ranunculaceae: The Buttercup Family
Anemone tuberosa P.A. Rydberg (var. tuberosa is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Desert Anemone, Desert Thimbleweed, Desert Windflower, Tuber Anemone, Windflower (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (4 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, among rocks and flats, occurring from 2,100 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 58, 80 (gen.), 77, 85 (080106), 86*
Clematis drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray: Barbas de Chivato, Drummond’s Clematis, Old Man’s Beard, Texas-virgin Bower, Texas Virgin’s Bower, Virgin’s Bower (terrestrial perennial deciduous vine, subshrub or woody climber (10 to 40 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, open ground and along washes and streams, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 80 (gen.)*
Delphinium amabile (see Delphinium parishii var. parishii)
Delphinium amabile subsp. apachense (see Delphinium parishii var. parishii)
Delphinium parishii A. Gray var. parishii (Delphinium amabile I. Tidestrom): Ocean-blue Larkspur, Paleface Delphinium, Paleface Larkspur, Parish Desert Larkspur, Parish’s Larkspur (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (2 to 4 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, desert mesas, plateaus, canyons and canyon bottoms, foothills, rocky outcrops, rocky knolls, rocky slopes, talus slopes, among rocks, sandy flats, sandy desert plains, along streams, washes, creeks and creek beds and rivers and rocky, riparian areas and gravelly and sandy soils and gravelly loam and rocky clay and gravelly clay loam soils, occurring from 1,200 to 6,300 feet in elevation in the forest, scrub, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 46, 63 (090206), 85 (090206)*
Delphinium scaposum E.L. Greene: Bare-stem Larkspur, Espuelita, Low Larkspur, Naked Delphinium, Tall Mountain Larkspur, Tcoro’si, Wild Delphinium (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (6 to 30 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, foothills, hillsides, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 2,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80*
Myosurus cupulatus S. Watson: Arizona Mousetail (terrestrial annual herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, seeps, springs, streambeds, along creeks and moist soils, occurring from 2,400 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46 foothills, hillsides,, 77*
Myosurus minimus C. Linnaeus: Little Mousetail, Mousetail, Tiny Mousetail (terrestrial annual forb/herb: within the range of this species it has been reported from seeps, springs, streams, vernal pools, around stock tanks and lakes and wet soils, occurring from 1,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 58*
Family Resedaceae: The Mignonette Family
Oligomeris linifolia (M.H. Vahl) J.F. Macbride: Desert Cambess, Linearleaf Cambess, Lineleaf Whitepuff, Oligomeris, Slender-leaf Cambess (terrestrial annual forb/herb (4 to 6 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky hillsides, gravelly bajadas, lava flows, sand dunes, sandy plains, gravelly and sandy flats, sandy roadsides, seeps, springs, along streams and washes, playas, coastal plains, riparian areas, disturbed areas and dry and moist soils, desert pavement, sandy, sandy clay, sandy silty, silty clay and gravelly loam soils and saline soils, occurring below 3,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 63 (090306), 77, 85 (090306)*
Family Rhamnaceae: The Buckthorn Family
Condalia correllii M.C. Johnston (historically known in Arizona as Condalia mexicana D.F. von Schlechtendal [excluded]): Bluewood, Correll’s Snakewood, Mexican Blue-wood, Mexican Condalia (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (6 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, along streams and washes, gravelly floodplains, riparian areas and disturbed areas, occurring from 3,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 13, 15, 46, 58, 63 (070406), 77, 85 (070406), 108*
Condalia globosa I.M. Johnston (var. pubescens I.M. Johnston is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Bitter Condalia, Bitter Snakewood, Crucerilla (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or small tree (7 to 20 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from hillsides, rocky slopes, bajadas, sandy plains and along sandy washes and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 300 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are reported to be sweet-scented. *5, 6, 13, 24, 28, 46, 52 (sp.), 53, 91*
Condalia lycioides var. canescens (see Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens)
Condalia mexicana (see note in Condalia correllii)
Frangula betulifolia (E.L. Greene) V.I. Grubov var. betulifolia (Rhamnus betulifolia E.L. Greene): Beechleaf Frangula, Birchleaf Buckthorn, Coffeeberry, Ramno (terresrtial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (8 to 26 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, ravines, along streams and creeks, riparian areas and loamy and clay loam soils, occurring from 1,000 to 8,200 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant is browsed by wildlife and the fruits are eaten by birds. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 53*
Rhamnus betulifolia (see Frangula betulifolia var. betulifolia)
Rhamnus crocea (see footnote under Rhamnus ilicifolia)
Rhamnus crocea var. ilicifolia (see Rhamnus ilicifolia)
Rhamnus ilicifolia A. Kellogg (Rhamnus crocea (T. Nuttall) var. ilicifolia (A. Kellogg) E.L. Greene): Holly-leaf Buck-thorn, Hollyleaf Redberry, Hollyleaf Redberry Buckthorn, Redberry Buckthorn (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (3 to 15 feet in height and about as wide); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, along washes, creeks and rocky river beds and rocky loam and silty soils, occurring from 2,800 to 7,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant is browsed by bighorn sheep and deer. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 18, 24, 28 (sp.), 46, 48 (sp.), 53, 108 (recorded as Rhamnus crocea)*
Ziziphus obtusifolia (W.J. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnston (Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) A. Weberbauer var. canescens (A. Gray) W. Trelease): Abrojo, Bachata, Barbachatas, Clepe, Garrapata, Garumbullo, Gray-leaved Abrojo, Gray-thorn, Greythorn, Gumdrop Tree, Lotebush, Palo Blanco, Southwestern Condalia, White Crucillo (terrestrial perennial drought deciduous shrub or small tree (3 to 13 feet in height); within range of this species it has been reported from mesas, gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes and streambeds and bottomlands, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Gambel’s Quail (Callipepla gambelii), Band-tailed Pigeons (Columba fasciata), White-winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica) and other birds feed on the fruit. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77, 91*
Family Rosaceae: The Rose Family
Vauquelinia californica (J. Torrey) C.S. Sargent: Arizona Rosewood, Torrey Vauquelinia (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or small tree (10 to 30 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, hillsides and rocky slopes, occurring from 2,500 to 5,100 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 18, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 77, 91, 108*
Vauquelinia californica (J. Torrey) C.S. Sargent subsp. sonorensis W.J. Hess & J.S. Henrickson: Arizona Rosewood, Arizona Sororan Rosewood, Sonora Rosewood, Sonoran Mountain Rosewood, Sonora Rosewood (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or small tree (10 to 30 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, mountainsides, rocky slopes, hillsides and flats, occurring from 2,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations; useful as an ornamental) *5, 6, 8, 9, 13 (sp.), 18 (sp.), 24, 28 (sp.), 46 (sp.), 48 (sp.), 52 (sp.) , 53 (sp.), 91*
Family Rubiaceae: The Madder Family
Galium aparine C. Linnaeus: Bedstraw, Catchweed Bedstraw, Cleavers, Goosegrass, Goosegrass Bedstraw, Stickwilly (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine (36 to 80 inches in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, among boulders, springs and along streams and washes, occurring from 2,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 101*
Galium microphyllum A. Gray: Bedstraw, Bracted Bedstraw (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from rock walls and along streams, streambeds and washes, occurring below 5,300 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58*
Galium stellatum A. Kellogg (var. eremicum (M.L. Hilend & J.T. Howell) F. Ehrendorfer is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Desert Bedstraw, Starry Bedstraw (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mountainsides, canyons, rock crevices, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes and gravelly loam soils, occurring below 6,700 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 77*
Family Rutaceae: The Rue Family
Ptelea angustifolia var. cognata (see Ptelea trifoliata subsp. pallida var. cognata)
Ptelea trifoliata C. Linnaeus: Cola de Zorrillo, Common Hoptree, Hop Tree, Narrowleaf Hoptree, Pallid Hoptree, Skunkbush, Waterash (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (6 to 27 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky ledges, rocky slopes, rocky ravines, valleys, along streams, stream beds, sandy washes and rivers, riparian areas, and stony silty loam soils, occurring from 3,000 to 8,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental; however, the crushed leaves and twigs have a strong and unpleasant (skunky) odor. *5, 6, 15, 28 (sp.), 46, 52, 53, 63 (090906), 80, 85 (090906)*
Ptelea trifoliata C. Linnaeus subsp. pallida (E.L. Green) V.L. Bailey (var. cognata (E.L. Greene) T.H. Kearney & R.H. Peebles is the variety reported as occurring in southern Arizona, Ptelea angustifolia G. Bentham var. cognata (E.L. Greene) T.H. Kearney & R.H. Peebles): Cola de Zorrillo, Common Hoptree, Hop Tree, Narrowleaf Hoptree, Pallid Hoptree, Skunkbush, Waterash (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (6 to 27 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon walls, rocky slopes, ravines, valleys, rocky roadsides, sandy washes, occurring from 3,000 to 8,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental; however, the crushed leaves and twigs have a strong and unpleasant (skunky) odor. *5, 6, 15, 24, 28 (sp.), 46, 52, 53, 63 (090906), 80, 85 (090906)*
Family Salicaceae:
The
Populus arizonica (see Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii)
Populus fremontii S. Watson subsp. fremontii (Populus arizonica
C.S. Sargent Populus fremontii S.
Watson var. arizonica (C.S. Sargent)
W.L. Jepson, Populus fremontii S.
Watson var. macdougalii (J.N. Rose)
W.L. Jepson, Populus fremontii S.
Watson var. pubescens C.S. Sargent, Populus fremontii S. Watson var. thornberi C.S. Sargent, Populus fremontii S. Watson var. toumeyi C.S. Sargent): Alamo, Arizona
Cottonwood, Frémont Cottonwood,
Frémont Poplar, Meseta Cottonwood, Rio Grande Cottonwood (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (50 to 100 feet in height and 30
feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from
along washes and streams, cienegas, bottomlands, water holes and wet and moist
soils, occurring below 6,500 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations
within the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations)
Beavers cut the stems for their dams and feed on the bark. This plant may be
useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires
an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a re-vegetation
plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams
and rivers. Consider planting male trees if the “cotton” produced by female
trees is objectionable. The leaves are colorful in autumn. *5, 6, 13, 15, 18, 24,
26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 58, 77, 108*
Populus fremontii var. arizonica (see Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii)
Populus fremontii var. macdougalii (see Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii)
Populus fremontii var. pubescens (see Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii)
Populus fremontii var. thornberi (see Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii)
Populus fremontii var. toumeyi (see Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii)
Salix gooddingii J. Ball (Salix gooddingii J. Ball var. variabilis J. Ball, Salix nigra H. Marshall var. vallicola W.R. Dudley): Dudley Willow, Goodding Black Willow, Goodding’s Willow, Western Black Willow (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (20 to 50 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from along washes and streams, cienegas, lakeshores, floodplains and wet soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The bark is eaten by beavers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental when used as a specimen plant in a large area (requires an ever increasingly large amount of water with age) and as a re-vegetation plant for the areas immediately adjacent to the main channel of creeks, streams and rivers. This plant is important in stream-bank protection. *5, 6, 13, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 52, 53, 58, 77*
Salix gooddingii var. variabilis (see Salix gooddingii)
Salix nigra var. vallicola (see Salix gooddingii)
Family Sapindaceae: The Soapberry Family
Dodonaea viscosa (N.J. von Jacquin) C. Linnaeus (Dodonaea viscosa N.J. von Jacquin var. angustifolia (C. Linnaeus f.) G. Bentham): A’ali’i, Airia, Akeake, Chapuliztle, Cuerno de Cabra, Florida Hopbush, Granadina, Guayabillo, Hierba de la Cucaracha, Hop Bush, Jarilla, Munditos, Pirimu, Switch-sorrel, Tarachico, Varal (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (3 to 15 feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, along washes and alkaline, heavy and rocky soils, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations; useful as an ornamental) *5, 6, 13, 15, 18 (sp.), 24, 26, 28 (sp.), 46, 48, 58, 77 (sp.), 91*
Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia (see Dodonaea viscosa)
Sapindus marginatus (see Sapindus saponaria var. saponaria)
Sapindus saponaria C. Linnaeus var. saponaria (Sapindus marginatus C.L. von Wildenow): Wingleaf Soapberry (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (7 to 50 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, plains, along washes and streams, floodplains and moist and sandy soils, occurring from 2,400 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46 (sp.), 91*
Sapotaceae: The Sapodilla Family
Bumelia lanuginosa var. rigida (see Sideroxylon lanuginosum subsp. rigidum)
Bumelia rigida (see Sideroxylon lanuginosum subsp. rigidum)
Sideroxylon lanuginosum A. Michaux (subsp. rigidum (A. Gray) T.D. Pennington is the subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona, Bumelia lanuginosa (A. Michaux) C.H. Persoon var. rigida A. Gray, Bumelia rigida J.K. Small): Chittamwood, False Buckthorn, Gum Bully, Gum Bumelia, Gum Elastic, Sapote, Spiny Bumelia, Woolly Buckthorn (terrestrial perennial deciduous tree (4 to 15 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, along streams, arroyos, washes and watercourses, mesquite bosques, riparian areas, floodplains, valley floors and sandy soils, occurring form 3,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The flowers are reported to be very fragrant. *5, 6, 13, 15, 28, 46, 52 (sp.), 53, 58 (sp.), 63 (070307), 85 (070306), 108*
Family Saururaceae: The Lizard’s-tail Family
Anemopsis californica (T. Nuttall) W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott (Anemopsis californica (T. Nuttall) W.J. Hooker & G.W. Arnott (var. subglabra L.H. Kelso is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Yerba Mansa (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (12 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from swales, seeps, springs and salt springs, sedge meadows, cienegas, along streams, creeks and rivers, bogs, around ponds, riparian areas and wet, moist, saline, alkaline and sandy soils, occurring from 1,000 to 5,500 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 58, 86*
Anemopsis californica var. subglabra (see Anemopsis californica)
Family Saxifragaceae: The Saxifrage Family
Ribes quercetorum E.L. Greene: Oak Gooseberry, Oak-belt Gooseberry, Oakwoods Gooseberry, Rock Gooseberry, Yeloow-flowered Gooseberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon walls and rocky slopes, occurring from 3,400 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant is browsed by deer and the fruits are eaten by birds. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 108*
Family Scrophulariaceae: The Figwort Family
Antirrhinum cyathiferum (see Pseudorontium cyathiferum)
Antirrhinum filipes (see Neogaerrhinum filipes)
Antirrhinum kingii (see Sairocarpus kingii)
Antirrhinum nuttallianum subsp. subsessile (see Sairocarpus pusillus)
Antirrhinum watsonii (see Sairocarpus watsonii)
Castilleja exserta (A. Heller) T.I. Chuang & L.R. Heckard subsp. exserta (Orthocarpus purpurascens G. Bentham var. palmeri A. Gray): Common Owl’s Clover, Escobita (Little Broom), Escobita Owlclover, Exserted Indian Paintbrush, Mohave Owl Clover, Owl’s Clover (terrestrial annual forb/herb (4 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77, 80, 86, 108*
Castilleja lanata A. Gray: Painted Cup, Sierra Woolly Indian Paintbrush, Woolly Paintbrush (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, below cliffs, hillsides, rocky limestone slopes, rocky outcrops, along streams, rocky and sandy washes, ravines and rocky and gravelly soils, occurring from 2,300 to 7,200 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 80*
Keckiella antirrhinoides (G. Bentham) R.M. Straw subsp. microphylla (A. Gray) R.M. Straw (Penstemon microphyllus A. Gray): Bush Penstemon, Littleleaf Penstemon, Shrubby Penstemon, Snapdragon Penstemon, Yellow Beardtongue (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (2 to 8 feet in height and 3 feet or more in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from desert mountains, rocky canyons, cliffs, hills, hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, terraces, rock outcrops, springs, washes and gravelly loam soils, occurring from 800 to 5,700 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 80, 108*
Linaria canadensis var. texana (see Nuttallanthus texanus)
Linaria texana (see Nuttallanthus texanus)
Maurandella antirrhiniflora (F.W. von Humboldt & A.J. Bonpland ex C.L. von Willdenow) W.H. Rothmaler (Maurandya antirrhiniflora F.W. von Humboldt & A.J. Bonpland ex C.L. von Willdenow): Blue Snapdragon Vine, Little Snapdragon Vine, Roving Sailor, Snapdragon Maurandya, Snapdragon Vine, Twining Snapdragon, Vine Blue Snapdragon, Violet Twining, Violet Twining Snapdragon (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or vine (7 to 8 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, rock walls, flats, along washes, streambeds, watercourses and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 86*
Maurandya antirrhiniflora (see Maurandella antirrhiniflora)
Mimulus cardinalis D. Douglas ex G. Bentham: Crimson-monkey Flower, Scarlet Monkeyflower (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 3 feet in height and width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, wet canyons, meadows, rock crevices, seeps, springs, along flowing steams, washes and creeks, gulches and arroyo bottoms, marshes and wet and moist sandy soils, occurring from 1,200 to 9,200 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 18, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (090906), 85 (090906), 108*
Mimulus guttatus A.P. de Candolle: Common Monkey Flower, Monkey-flower, Seep Monkeyflower, Seep-spring Monkey Flower, Spotted Monkey Flower, Yellow Monkey Flower (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, seeps, springs, pools, along brooks and streams and wet, moist and sandy soils, occurring from 500 to 9,500 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 63 (083006), 77, 86*
Mimulus rubellus A. Gray: Little Redstem Monkeyflower, Red Monkeyflower, Redstem Monkeyflower (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly and sandy flats, along streams and washes and in damp, rocky and sandy soils, riparian areas and damp, rocky, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 1,200 to 7,800 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Neogaerrhinum filipes (A. Gray) W.H. Rothmaler (Antirrhinum filipes A. Gray): Filipes Snapdragon, Yellow Twining-snapdragon (terrestrial annual forb/herb or vine (to 3 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from sandy slopes and sandy plains, occurring below 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 86*
Nuttallanthus texanus (G.H. Scheele) D.A. Sutton (Linaria canadensis (C. Linnaeus) B.C. Dumortier var. texana (G.H. Scheele) F.W. Pennell, Linaria texana G.H. Scheele): Blue Toad Flax, Oil Field Toad Flax, Texas Toadflax (terrestrial annual or biennial forb/herb (14 to 32 inches in height); within range reported from mesas, rocky slopes, rock crevices, plains, roadsides, seeps, along washes, streambeds, creeks and river bottoms, disturbed areas and moist and damp soils, occurring from 1,200 to 5,300 feet in elevation in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77*
Orthocarpus purpurascens var. palmeri (see Castilleja exserta var. exserta)
Penstemon microphyllus (see Keckiella antirrhinoides subsp. microphylla)
Penstemon parryi (A. Gray) A. Gray: Parry Beardtongue, Parry’s Penstemon, Pichelitos, Varita de San Jose, Wind’s Flower (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (2 to 4 feet in height and 1 to 3 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been range reported from mountains, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly flats, roadsides, streambeds and disturbed areas, occurring from 1,500 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris) and Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) have been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 15, 16, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77, 80, 86*
Penstemon pseudospectabilis M.E. Jones: Arizona Penstemon, Desert Penstemon, Mohave Beardtongue, Nevada Penstemon, Rosey Desert Beardtongue (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (2 to 4 feet in height and 2 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky hills and hillsides, rocky slopes, ,bedrock outcrops, among rocks, ravines, roadsides, along washes, creeks and rivers, riparian areas, disturbed areas and moist and dry soils, cinder, gravelly and sandy soils and gravelly clay soils, occurring from 300 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 18, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (080806), 80 (gen.), 85 (081206)*
Penstemon pseudospectabilis M.E. Jones var. pseudospectabilis (Penstemon pseudospectabilis M.E. Jones var. typicus K. Keck): Arizona Penstemon, Desert Beardtongue, Desert Penstemon, Mohave Beardtongue, Nevada Penstemon, Rosey Desert Beardtongue (terrestrial perennial forb/herb, subshrub or shrub (2 to 4 feet in height and 2 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, hillsides, among boulders, bajadas, roadsides, riparian areas and gravelly sandy soils, occurring from 500 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) have been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 18 (sp.), 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 63 (070806), 80 (gen.), 85 (081206)*
Penstemon pseudospectabilis var. typicus (see Penstemon pseudospectabilis var. pseudospectabilis)
Pseudorontium cyathiferum (G. Bentham) W.H. Rothmaler (Antirrhinum cyathiferum G. Bentham): Desert Snapdragon, Dog’s-mouth, Frog Snapdragon (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyon bottoms, stony talus slopes, rocky hills, hillsides, rocky slopes, bajadas, plains, flats, dunes, arroyos, washes and rocky and sandy soils, occurring below 2,600 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Sairocarpus kingii (S. Watson) D.A. Sutton (Antirrhinum kingii S. Watson): King Snapdragon, Least Snapdragon, Least Toad’s-mouth (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from cinder soils, occurring from below 4,500 feet in elevation in the woodland ecological formation) *5, 6, 8, 46, 63 (090906), 85 (090906)*
Sairocarpus pusillus (T.S. Brandegee) D.A. Sutton (Antirrhinum nuttallianum G. Bentham subsp. subsessile (A. Gray) D.M. Thompson): Lesser Snapdragon (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains and mountainsides, canyons and canyon bottoms, cliffs, rocky hillsides, slopes, among boulders, ravines, along gravelly and sandy washes and along streams occurring from 2,100 to 4,800 feet in elevation in the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 85*
Sairocarpus watsonii (G. Vasey & J.N. Rose) D.A. Sutton (Antirrhinum kingii S. Watson var watsonii (G. Vasey & J.N. Rose) P.A. Munz), Antirrhinum watsonii G. Vasey & J.N. Rose): Watson’s Snapdragon (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, cliffs, foothills, rocky hills, slopes, bajadas, dunes, arroyos, occurring below 300 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46*
Stemodia durantifolia (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz: Whitewoolly Twintip (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyon bottoms, among rocks, rock crevices, along streams, streambeds and wet and damp soils, occurring from 1,000 to 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 46, 77*
Veronica peregrina C. Linnaeus (subsp. xalapensis (K.S. Kunth in Humbolt, Bonpland and Kunth) F.W. Pennell is the subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Hairy Purslane Speedwell, Jalapa Speedwell, Necklace Speedwell, Necklace Weed, Neckweed, Purselane Speedwell (terrestrial annual forb/herb (to 12 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, seeps, along streams and washes, around tanks and lakes and wet and damp soils, occurring below 9,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 77, 101*
Family Simaroubaceae: The Quassia-wood Family
Castela emoryi (A. Gray) R.V. Moran & R.S. Felger (Holacantha emoryi A. Gray): Cascara Amarga, Castela, Chaparro Amargosa, Corona de Cristo (Spanish), Crucifixion Thorn, Emory Crucifixion Thorn, Holacantha, Rosario (terrestrial perennial deciduous (leafless) shrub or tree (6 to 12 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, slopes, bajadas, alluvial desert plains, flats, sand dunes, along rocky and gravelly desert washes alluvial bottomlands, floodplains and gravelly, sandy, clay and silty soils, occurring from 400 to 2,400 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, it is heavily armed with thorns. *5, 6, 8, 13, 24, 28, 46, 48, 53, 91, 108*
Holacantha emoryi (see Castela emoryi)
Family Simmondsiaceae: The Jojoba Family
Simmondsia chinensis (J.H. Link) C.K. Schneider (Simmondsia californica T. Nuttall): California Jojoba, Coffee Berry, Coffee Bush, Deernut, Goat Nut, Goatnut, Gray Box Bush, Jojoba, Pignut, Quinine Plant, Sheepnut, Wild Hazel (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 10 feet in height and 6 or more feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, dry rocky and gravelly slopes, rocky and gravelly hillsides, bajadas, alluvial fans and along washes and runnels, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the scrub, grasslands and desertscrub ecological formations) Jojoba is an important browse plant for wildlife including deer and Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) This plant is useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 58, 77, 108*
Simmondsia californica (see Simmondsia chinensis)
Family Solanaceae: The Potato Family
Calibrachoa parviflora (A.L. de Jussieu) W.G. D’Arcy (Petunia parviflora A.L. de Jussieu): Seaside Petunia, Wild Petunia (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, cienegas and wet, moist, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring from 400 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 77*
Capsicum annuum var. aviculare (see Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum)
Capsicum annuum C. Linnaeus var. glabriusculum (M.F. Dunal) C.B. Heiser & B. Pickersgill (Capsicum annuum C. Linnaeus var. aviculare (J.H. Dierbach) W.G. D’Arcy & W.H. Eshbaugh, Capsicum baccatum auct. non C. Linnaeus [misapplied]): Aji, Bird Pepper, Cayenne, Cayenne Pepper, Chillipiquin, Chiltepe, Chiltepin, Pequin, (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or subshrub (5 inches to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, slopes, drainages, riparian areas, disturbed areas and gravelly soils, occurring from 1,100 to 4,400 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the berries are bright red. *5, 6, 8, 24, 30 (unable to access), 46, 63 (090906), 85 (090906)*
Capsicum baccatum (see Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum)
Datura discolor G. Bernham: Desert Thorn-apple, Small Datura, Poisonous Nightshade, Tolache, Toloache (terrestrial annual forb/herb (12 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from gravelly slopes, sandy flats, roadsides, along washes, waste places and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,600 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Poisonous. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 68, 77*
Lycium andersonii A. Gray var. andersonii: Anderson Desert Thorn, Anderson Lycium, Anderson Thornbush, Barchata, Cacaculo, Desert Wolfberry, Manzanita, Narrowleaf Wolfberry, Salicieso, Tomatillo, Water Jacket, Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, rocky slopes, foothills, flats, roadsides and along washes, occurring below 5,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) The Broad-billed Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris) has been observed visiting the flowers. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13, 18 (sp.), 24, 28 (sp.), 46 (sp.)*
Lycium berlandieri M.F. Dunal var. longistylum C.L. Hitchcock: Bachata, Berlandier Lycium, Berlandier’s Wolfberry, Huichutilla, Salicieso, Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 8 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, rocky foothills and alluvial plains, occurring from 2,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae) has been observed visiting the flowers; useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 10, 13 (sp.), 18 (gen.), 24, 28 (sp.), 46, 77*
Lycium brevipes G. Bentham (Lycium richii A. Gray): Baja Desert-thorn, Hahös an Quinelca (Seri) (terrestrial perennial shrub (3 to 12 feet in height and almost the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, slopes, sandy flats, pockets of sandy soil among rocks, dunes, riparian canyons, coastal plains, rocky coasts, islands and sandy soils, occurring below 2,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) Anthophorid bees, beeflies, beetles, butterflies and honey bees visit the flowers, birds feed on the berries. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 85*
Lycium californicum T. Nuttall ex A. Gray var. californicum: California Desert-thorn (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (2 to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, slopes and saline soils, occurring from 3,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13 (sp.), 18 (sp.), 24, 46*
Lycium exsertum A. Gray: Arizona Desert-thorn, Desert Thorn, Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas, alluvial outwash plains, flats and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 77*
Lycium fremontii A. Gray: Frémont’s Desert-thorn, Frémont Lycium, Frémont Thornbush, Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (2 to 10 feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, bajadas and alluvial plains, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 28, 46, 48, 77, 108*
Lycium macrodon A. Gray: Desert Thorn, Desert Wolfberry, Lycium, Thornbush, Wolfberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from alluvial outwash plains and alkaline soils, occurring from 500 to 2,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 77*
Lycium parishii A. Gray: Parish’s Desert-thorn, Parish Thornberry, Parish Wolfberry, Salicieso (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, mesas, canyons, rocky hills, foothills, slopes, alluvial fans, sandy plains, valleys, along sandy washes and arroyos, flood plains and rocky soils, occurring below 3,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers are lavender and the fruit is red *5, 6, 13, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 63 (090206), 85 (var. parishii was also recorded - 080206)*
Lycium richii (see Lycium brevipes)
Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray: Cleveland’s Tobacco, Desert Tobacco, Tobaco del Coyote (terrestrial annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, rocky volcanic mounds, bajadas, flats, dunes, roadsides, gravelly and sandy washes, lake margins and sandy soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 46, 85*
Nicotiana glauca R. Graham: Buena Mosa, Gigante, Rape, Mustard Tree, Shrub Tobacco, Tree Tobacco, Tronadora (terrestrial perennial shrub or tree (6 to 26 feet in height and to 10 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, hillsides, roadsides, along streambeds and washes, ditch banks, waste places, disturbed areas and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 3,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). This plant is reported to be poisonous. *5, 6, 13, 16, 18, 28, 46, 68, 77, 80, 86, 97, 108*
Nicotiana obtusifolia F.K. Mertens & H.G. Galeotti var. obtusifolia (Nicotiana trigonophylla M.F. Dunal): Coyote Tobacco, Desert Tobacco, Punche (a Punch), Tabaquillo, Tabaquillo de Coyote, Tobaquillo (Little Tobacco) (terrestrial annual, biennial or perennial forb/herb or subshrub (1 to 3½ feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky slopes, flats, roadsides, along washes, streambeds, waste places, disturbed areas and dry, gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The flowers reportedly utilized by hummingbirds when other nectar-rich sources are not available. This plant has properties known to cause poisoning in livestock (Schmutz, Freeman & Reed 1968). *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80, 86, 108*
Nicotiana trigonophylla (see Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia)
Petunia parviflora (see Calibrachoa parviflora)
Physalis acutifolia (J. Miers) N.Y. Sandwith (Physalis wrightii A. Gray): Groundcherry, Irrigation Groundcherry, Sharpleaf Groundcherry, Tomatillo, Wright Groundcherry (terrestrial annual forb/herb (1 to 6 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes, roadsides, disturbed areas and moist soils, occurring below 4,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80 (gen.), 101*
Physalis crassifolia G. Bentham var. versicolor (P.A. Rydberg) U.T. Waterfall (Physalis versicolor P.A. Rydberg): Desert Ground Cherry, Thick-leaved Ground Cherry, Tomate de Culebra, Yellow Nightshade Groundcherry (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, foothills, rocky slopes, gravelly flats and along washes, occurring from 2,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 24, 28 (sp.), 46, 80 (gen.)*
Physalis lobata (see Quincula lobata)
Physalis lobata var. albiflora (see Quincula lobata)
Physalis versicolor (see Physalis crassifolia var. versicolor)
Physalis wrightii (see Physalis acutifolia)
Quincula lobata (J. Torrey) C.S. Rafinesque (Physalis lobata J. Torrey, Physalis lobata J. Torrey var. albiflora U.T. Waterfall): Chinese Lantern, Purple Quincula, Purple Groundcherry (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (6 to 16 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, desert plains, gravelly and sandy flats, roadsides and washes, occurring from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 77, 80 (gen. - Physalis), 86*
Solanum americanum P. Miller: American Nightshade, American Black Nightshade, Chichikarita (Tarahumara), Hierba Mora (Hispanic), Hierba Mora Negra (Hispanic), Pichecua (Purépecha), Pitsekua Blanca (Purépecha), Pitsekua Urapitu (Purépecha), Purple Nightshade, Quelite Cimarrón (Hispanic), Smallflower Nightshade (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 36 to 40 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, plateaus, canyons, among rocks, flats, bosques, seeps, springs, arroyos, washes, streams, creeks, rivers, playas, bottom lands, roadsides, disturbed areas, occurring below 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 30, 46*
Solanum douglasii M.F. Dunal: Douglas Nightshade, Greenspot Nightshade (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, dry rocky slopes, among rocks and along watercourses, occurring from 1,500 to 7,400 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 18 (gen.), 24, 46, 58, 77*
Solanum hindsianum G. Bentham: Hapitopxen (Seri), Hinds’ Nightshade (terrestrial perennial evergreen forb/herb (3 to 10 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky hills, rocky hillsides, rocky slopes, bajadas, alluvial fans, flats, sand dunes, rocky arroyos, washes, floodplains, occurring below 2,200 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 85, 91*
Solanum xanti A. Gray: Chaparral Nightshade, Purple Nightshade (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub (to 3 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, rocky hillsides, bouldery, rocky and gravelly slopes, among boulders, washes, riparian areas and gravelly, rocky and sandy loam and rocky clay soils, occurring from 800 to 7,100 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *5, 6, 18 (gen.), 24, 28, 46, 63 (070806)*
Family Sterculiaceae: The Cacao Family
Ayenia filiformis S. Watson: Desert Ayenia, TransPecos Ayenia (terrestrial perennial subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky slopes and flats, occurring from 2,000 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 77*
Ayenia microphylla A. Gray: Ayenia, Dense Ayenia, Littleleaf Ayenia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (18 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, hills, dry rocky slopes, gravelly flats and washes, occurring from 2,000 to 3,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 46, 77*
Family Tamaricaceae: The Tamarix Family
Tamarix aphylla (C. Linnaeus) W.H. Karsten: Athel, Athel Tamarisk, Salt Cedar, Tamarisk, Tamarix (terrestrial perennial deciduous (appears evergreen) shrub or tree (30 to 50 feet in height and 25 to 50 or more feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from flats, floodplains, irrigation ditches and alkaline bottomlands, in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) EXOTIC Invasive Plant. *5, 6, 13, 18, 24, 26, 46, 52, 53*
Tamarix ramosissima C.F. von Ledebour: Atarfe, Pino Salado, Salado, Saltcedar, Talaya, Tamarisco, Tamarisk, Tamarix, Tamariz, Taray (terrestrial perennial shrub or tree (5 to 20 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from rivers, creeks, streams, rivers, irrigation ditches, marshy areas, lakes, reservoirs and tanks, occurring from 2,100 to 3,200 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. *5, 6, 13, 22, 24, 58, 77, 91, 101*
Family Ulmaceae: The Elm Family
Celtis laevigata C.L. von Wildenow var. reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson (Celtis reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson): Canyon Hackberry, False Elm, Netleaf Hackberry, Palo Blanco, Sugar-berry, Western Hackberry (terrestrial perennial deciduous shrub or tree (20 to 53 feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from moist soils of canyons, hillsides, flats, fencerows and along washes and streams, occurring from 1,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The fruit is eaten by wildlife;. This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the leaves turn yellow in the fall. *5, 6, 13, 15, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 52, 53, 58*
Celtis ehrenbergiana (J.F. Klotzsch) F.M. Liebmann (Celtis pallida J. Torrey): Acebuche, Bainoro, Capul, Desert Hackberry, Garabato, Garambullo, Granjeno, Huasteco, Palo de Aguila, Rompecapa, Shiny Hackberry, Spiny Hackberry (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub or tree (3 to 18 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, mesas, rocky and gravelly slopes, bajadas, flats, along washes and streambeds, occurring from 1,500 to 4,700 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Desert Hackberry is a larval food plant for the American Snout (Libytheana carinenta) and Empress Leilia (Asterocampa leilia), provides a nesting site for the White-wing Dove (Zenaida asiatica) and cover for many birds. The fruit are eaten by many birds and small desert mammals. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 58, 91, 108*
Celtis pallida (see Celtis ehrenbergiana)
Celtis reticulata (see Celtis laevigata var. reticulata)
Family Urticaceae: The Nettle Family
Parietaria floridana T. Nuttall: Desert Pellitory, Florida Pellitory, Pellitory (terrestrial winter annual forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, rocky canyons, bajadas, tinajas, rocky slopes, desert plains, along washes, watercourses, stock tanks and wet and moist and gravelly soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 46, 63 (080906), 85 (080906)*
Parietaria hespera B.D. Hinton (var. hespera is the variety reported as occurring in Arizona): Rillita Pellitory (terrestrial perennial forb/herb; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons and canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, rocky outcrops, recesses beneath boulders and rocks, gravelly and sandy washes and riparian woodlands, occurring from 800 to 4,800 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 58*
Family Verbenaceae: The Verbena Family
Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) A.A. Heller ex L. Abrams (Lippia wrightii A. Gray ex J. Torrey): Altamisa, Beebrush, Oreganillo, Vara Dulce, Wright Aloysia, Wright’s Beebrush, Wright Lippia (terrestrial perennial deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub (3 to 6½ feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains, canyons, dry rocky and gravelly slopes and along washes, occurring from 1,500 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 46, 58, 77, 91*
Glandularia bipinnatifida (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall var. bipinnatifida (Verbena bipinnatifida T. Nuttall, Verbena bipinnatifida T. Nuttall var. latilobata M.C. Perry): Alfombrilla (Hispanic), Alfombrilla de Campo (Hispanic), Azul Chichique (Hispanic), Dakota Mock Vervain, Dakota Verbena, Hierba del Ojo (Hispanic), Moradilla (Hispanic), Small-flowered Verbena, Tatsundiku Moradu (Purépecha), Vervain (terrestrial annual or perennial forb/herb (8 to 18 inches in height and 18 inches or more in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mountains and mountainsides, mesas, canyons, foothills, hillsides, rocky and gravelly slopes, clearings in forests, meadows, rocky outcrops, bajadas, flats, roadsides, along washes, stream beds, creeks and rivers and sandy and silty clay soils, occurring from 1,600 to 10,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental, the flowers have been described as being rose-purple. *5, 6, 15, 18, 24, 28, 30 (sp.), 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 63 (090906), 85 (090906)*
Glandularia gooddingii (J.I, Briquet) O.T. Solbrig (Verbena gooddingii J.I. Briquet, Verbena gooddingii J.I. Briquet var. nepetifolia I. Tidestrom): Desert Verbena, Goodding Glandularia, Goodding Verbena, Goodding Vervain, Goodding Mock Vervain, Southwestern Mock Vervain, Southwestern Verbena, Southwestern Vervain, Verbena (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (1 to 2 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, dry rocky slopes, roadsides and along streambeds and washes, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 77*
Lantana camara C. Linnaeus: Achamasiri-uandaku (Purépecha), Alfombrillo (Hispanic), Alfrombrilla Hedionda (Hispanic), Bush Lantana, Cambara de Espinho, Cariaquillo, Chichietlacotl (Hispanic), Cinco Negritos (Hispanic), Confituría (Hispanic), Confiturilla (Hispanic), Corona (Hispanic), Corona de Sol (Hispanic), Cuasquito, Doradillo (Oaxaca), Frutilla (Hispanic), Gobernadora (Hispanic), Granadilla (Hispanic), Hedgeflower, Hierba de Cristo (Hispanic), Hierba de Pedro Antonio (Hispanic), Hierba de San Pedro (Hispanic), Hierba Negra, Laurel (Hispanic), Lantana, Largeleaf Lantana, Mesehua (Hispanic), Morita Negra (Hispanic), Moscete (Hispanic), Ojo de Pescado (Hispanic), Orégano del Monte (Hispanic), Orosus (Hispanic), Palabra de Caballero (Hispanic), Palabra de Hombre (Hispanic), Pionía (Hispanic), Pionía de Cerro (Hispanic), Qita Pesal (Hispanic), Quelite de Arroyo (Hispanic), Red-flowered Sage, Rinyonina (Hispanic), Salverreal (Hispanic), Salvia (Hispanic), Shrub Verbena, Siete Colores (Hispanic), Siete Negritos Macho (Hispanic), Tootskumot (Oax), Tres Colores (Hispanic), Uña de gato (Hispanic), White Sage, Wild Sage (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 10 feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from roadsides, streams, washes and disturbed areas, occurring from 2,200 to 8,000 feet in elevation in the forest, woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Plant, this plant poses a significant threat to native habitat. All parts of this plant are reported to be poisonous. *5, 6, 24, 26, 30, 77, 80, 97*
Lippia wrightii (see Aloysia wrightii)
Tetraclea coulteri A. Gray: Coulter Tetraclea, Coulter’s Wrinklefruit (terrestrial perennial forb/herb or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from slopes, gravelly flats, along washes and disturbed areas, occurring below 4,500 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 16, 24, 46, 58, 77*
Verbena bipinnatifida (see Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida)
Verbena bipinnatifida var. latilobata (see Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida)
Verbena gooddingii (see Glandularia gooddingii)
Verbena halei J.K. Small (Verbena officinalis C. Linnaeus subsp. halei (J.K. Small) E.A. Barber): Slender Verbena, Texas Verbena, Texas Vervain (terrestrial perennial forb/her or subshrub; within the range of this species it has been reported from mountainsides, roadsides, draws, river banks, playas, disturbed areas and sandy and silty soils, occurring below 5,400 feet in elevation in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 24, 46, 48 (gen.)*
Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) J.K. Small: Hillside Vervain, New Mexico Vervain, Verbena (terrestrial perennial forb/herb (to 30 inches in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, foothills and rocky slopes, occurring from 2,000 to 6,000 feet in elevation in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 24, 28, 46, 48 (gen.), 58, 77*
Verbena officianalis C. Linnaeus subsp. halei (see Verbena halei)
Family Viscaceae (Loranthaceae): The Christmas Mistletoe Family
Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall (Phoradendron californicum T. Nuttall var. distans W. Trelease): American Mistletoe, Desert Mistletoe, Mesquite American Mistletoe, Mesquite Mistletoe, Toji, Western Dwarf Mistletoe (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (to 2 feet in diameter); partial parasite observed growing on Blue Paloverde, Desert Ironwood, Foothill Paloverde, Velvet Mesquite an Whitethorn Acacia, commonly found on Acacia spp., Condalia spp., Larrea spp., Olneya spp., Parkinsonia spp., Prosopis spp., and Ziziphus spp., occurring below 4,300 feet in elevation in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens) feed on the berries and disperse the seeds to other host plants and Verdins nest in the stems. The fragrant flowers attract insects. This plant is reported to be poisonous. *5, 6, 15, 16, 24, 28, 46, 58, 77, 80, 97, 108, WTK (1105)*
Phoradendron californicum var. distans (see Phoradendron californicum)
Family Zygophyllaceae: The Creosote-bush Family
Fagonia californica subsp. laevis (see Fagonia laevis)
Fagonia laevis P.C. Standley (Fagonia californica G. Bentham subsp. laevis (P.C. Standley) I.L. Wiggins, Fagonia californica G. Bentham subsp. longipes (P.C. Standley) R.S. Felger, Fagonia longipes P.C. Standley): California Fagonbush, Smooth-stemmed Fagonia (terrestrial perennial subshrub or shrub (8 inches to 2 feet in height); within the range of this species it has been reported from canyons, mesas, rocky hills, dry rocky slopes, flats, washes and desert pavement, occurring below 2,800 feet in elevation in the desertscrub ecological formation) *5, 6, 13, 24, 28, 46, 77, 86 (sp. - Fagonia californica)*
Fagonia longipes (see Fagonia laevis)
Kallstroemia californica (S. Watson) A.M. Vail: California Caltrop, Little Summer Poppy, Mal de Ojo (terrestrial annual forb/herb (8 inches to 3 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, plains, gravelly flats, along washes, bottom lands and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 7,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 24, 46, 58, 68, 77, 80 (gen.), 86*
Kallstroemia grandiflora J. Torrey ex A Gray: Arizona Caltrop, Arizona Poppy, Arizona Summer Poppy, Baiborin, Caltrop, Desert Poppy, Mexican Poppy, Orange Caltrop, Summer Poppy (terrestrial annual forb/herb (8 to 12 inches in height and to 3 feet in length); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, canyons, rocky and gravelly slopes, gravelly bajadas, open plains, rocky and gravelly flats, roadsides, along washes, bottom lands and gravelly and sandy soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *5, 6, 16, 24, 28, 46, 48, 58, 68, 77, 80 (gen.), 86, 108*
Larrea divaricata subsp. tridentata (see Larrea tridentata var. tridentata)
Larrea tridentata (see Larrea tridentata var. tridentata)
Larrea tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle) F.V. Coville var. tridentata (Larrea divaricata A.J. Cavanilles subsp. tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle) R.S. Felger, Larrea tridentata (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J.M. Mociño ex A.P. de Candolle) F.V. Coville): Chaparral, Coville Creosotebush, Creosote Bush, Greasewood, Gobernadora, Guamis, Hediondilla (terrestrial perennial evergreen shrub (3 to 12 feet in height and about the same in width); within the range of this species it has been reported from mesas, foothills, dry rocky slopes, dry plains, gravelly flats and heavy and sandy soils, occurring below 5,000 feet in elevation in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Creosote bush is the characteristic plant of the southwestern deserts with its distribution very closely delineating the desert regions. When planting Creosote Bush consider planting a small Desert Night-blooming Cereus (Peniocereus greggii var. transmontanus) at the base of the plant. The branches will provide support and the roots will protect the tuber of the cereus from hungry Javelina. This plant may be useful as an ornamental. *5, 6, 13, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 46, 48, 63 (083106), 80, 91, 101, 108*
LISTING OF ANIMALS
STRICTLY ENFORCED LAWS PROTECT MANY
OF ARIZONA’S NATIVE ANIMALS FROM
COLLECTION AND FROM BEING DISTURBED
OR KILLED
* numbers appearing between the asterisks
relate to footnotes and sources of information*
Kingdom Animalia: The Animal
Kingdom
Subkingdom Metazoa: The
Multicellular Animals
Section Protostomia: The
Protosomes
Phylum Mollusca: The Mollusks
CLASS
GASTROPODA: The SNAILS and Their ALLIES
Family Hydrobiidae: The Spring Snail and Allies Family
Tryonia quitobaquitae (R. Hershler & J.J. Landye): Quitobaquito Tryonia, Quitobaquito Tryonia Snail (within the range of this species it has been reported from springs, occurring from 1,000 to 1,200 feet in elevation in wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14*
Phylum Arthropoda: The Arthropods
Subphylum Chilicerata: The Spiders
and Their Allies
CLASS ARACHNIDA: The HARVESTMEN, MITES,
PSEUDOSCORPIONS,
SCORPIONS, SPIDERS, TICKS and Their ALLIES
ORDER SCORPIONES: The SCORPIONS
Small children are at highest risk of severe reactions. They
can show jerky body and
wild eye movements. If a child under 5 has been bitten or if
an older patient is experiencing more than minor discomfort, call the Arizona
Poison and
http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/outreach/poison
Hadrurus hirsutus (Wood): Desert Hairy Scorpion *108*
Subphylum Mandibulata: The
Mandibulates
CLASS
INSECTA: The INSECTS
ORDER COLEOPTERA: The BEETLES
Family Cicindelidae: The Tiger Beetle Family
Cicindela lemniscata (5): Tiger Beetle *8, 14 (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *
Cicindela sedecimpunctata: Tiger Beetle *8, 14 (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *
ORDER HEMIPTERA: The TRUE BUGS
Family Reduviidae: The Assassin Bugs
Triatoma rubida Uhler: Cone-nose, Conenose Bug, Kissing Bug, Mexican Bed Bug, Walapai Tiger (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *106 (gen. 071006), 108*
ORDER HYMENOPTERA: The ANTS, BEES, SAWFLIES, WASPS and Their ALLIES
Family Apidae: The Honeybee Family
If stung, remove the stinger as soon as possible, call
1-800-222-1222 for additional information
and/or consider
transport to a medical facility, it may take hundreds of bee stings to inflict
a fatal toxic
dose of venom in a healthy adult; however, one sting can
cause a fatal allergic
(anaphylactic) reaction in a hypersensitive person. *97*
If stung contact the Arizona Poison and
http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/outreach/poison
Apis mellifera C. Linnaeus: African Honeybee, European Honeybee, Honeybee, Western Honeybee (found in bee boxes, buildings, water boxes and holes in ground, caves, cavities in saguaros, crevices, hollow trees and logs; within the range of this species it has been reported from grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Introduced EXOTIC Invasive Species, the Honeybee is an exotic domesticated animal kept for crop pollination and for the production of honey and beeswax. *60, 97, 106 (071006), 108*
ORDER ISOPTERA: The TERMITES
Amitermes sp.: Desert Termite, Termite, White Ant (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *106 (order - 071006), 108*
Kalotermes sp.: Termite, White Ant (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *106 (order - 071006), 108*
Reticulitermes sp.: a Subterranean Termite, Termite, White Ant (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *106 (order - 071006), 108*
ORDER LEPIDOPTERA: The BUTTERFLIES, MOTHS AND SKIPPERS
Family Apaturidae: Goatweed and Hackberry Butterflies
Asterocampa leilia (W.H. Edwards): Cocles’s Emporer, Desert Hackberry, Empress Leilia, Empress Leilia Butterfly, Leilia (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071306)*
Family Hesperiidae: The Skipper Family
Agathymus gentryi: Gentry’s Giant Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8*
Amblyscirtes nysa (W.H. Edwards): Mottled Skipper, Mottled Little Skipper, Mottled Roadside Skipper, Nysa Roadside Skipper, Nysa Skipper, Texas Brown Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071206)*
Amblyscirtes prenda Evans: Prenda Roadside Skipper, Spotted Little Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (071206)*
Cogia hippalus (W.H. Edwards): Acacia Brown Wing, Acacia Skipper, Hippalus Skipper, White-edged Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071506)*
Copaeodes aurantica (Hewitson): Hewitson’s Skipper, Orange Skipperling, Orange Skipperling Skipper, Waco Skipper, Western Tiny Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071506)*
Erynnis funeralis (Scudder & Burgess): Funereal Duskywing Skipper, Funereal Dusky Wing, Morning Brown, Streamlined Dusky Wing (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071206)*
Erynnis tristis (W.H. Edwards): Mournful Dusky Wing, Mournful Duskywing Skipper, Tatius Dusky Wing, White-edged Dusky Wing (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. tatius - 071206)*
Heliopetes domicella (Erichson) (Heliopyrgus domicella): Banded White Skipper, Erichson’s Skipper, Erichson’s White Skipper, White-banded Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071606)*
Heliopyrgus domicella (see Heliopetes domicella)
Lerodea arabus (W.H. Edwards): Arabus Skipper, Arizona Brown Skipper, Blotchy Gray Skipper, Violet-clouded Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (071606)*
Lerodea eufala (W.H. Edwards): Eufala Skipper, Gray Skipper, Greenish-brown Skipper, Rice Leafroller (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (071606)*
Pholisora catullus (Fabricius): Black Skipper Butterfly, Common Sootywing Skipper, Common Sooty Wing, Pigweed Skipper, Roadside Rambler, Sooty Skipper, Sooty Wing, White-dotted Black Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071606)*
Polygonus leo (Gmelin): Hammock Skipper, Key West Skipper, Violet Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071606)*
Pyrgus albescens Plotz (Pyrgus communis subsp. albescens): Southern Checkered Skipper, Western Checkered Skipper, White Checkered Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071206)*
Pyrgus communis subsp. albescens (see Pyrgus albescens)
Pyrgus philetas W.H. Edwards: Desert Checkered Skipper, Philetas Checkered Skipper, Philetas Skipper, Texas Checkered Skipper (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071206)*
Staphylus ceos (W.H. Edwards): Ceos Skipper, Golden-headed Scallopwing Skipper, Golden-headed Sooty Wing, Red-head Sooty Wing (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071206)*
Urbanus dorantes (Stoll): Brown-tailed Skipper, Dorantes Skipper, Lilac-banded Longtail (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. durantes - 071606), 60*
Family Lycaenidae: The Blue, Copper and Hairstreak Family
Brephidum exile (Boisduval): Boisduval’s Pygmy Blue, Pygmy Blue, Western Pygmy Blue, Western Pygmy Blue Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071406)*
Euphilotes bernadino (Barnes & McDunnough): Bernadino Blue, Bernardino Blue Butterfly, San Bernardino Blue (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071506)*
Hemiargus ceraunus (W.H. Edwards): Antillean Blue, Ceraunus Blue, Ceraunus Blue Butterfly, Edward’s Blue, Gyas Blue, Southern Blue (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. gyas - 071606)*
Hemiargus isola (W.H. Edwards): Isola Blue, Mexican Blue, Reakirt’s Blue, Reakirt’s Blue Butterfly, Solitary Blue (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. alce - 071606)*
Leptotes marina (Reakirt): Marine Banded Blue, Marine Blue, Marine Blue Butterfly, Striped Blue (larvae feed on leadwort, sweet pea, vetch and wisteria; within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071206)*
Ministrymon leda (W.H. Edwards): Ines Hairstreak, Leda Hairstreak, Leda Hairstreak Butterfly, Mesquite Hairstreak (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071606)*
Strymon melinus (Hubner): Gray Hairstreak, Gray Hairstreak Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. franki - 071206), 60, 106 (053006)*
Family Nymphalidae: The Brush-footed Butterfly Family
Adelpha bredowii (Doubleday & Hewiston) (subsp. eulalia is the only subspecies recognized as occurring in Arizona): Arizona Sister, Arizona Sister Butterfly, Bredow’s Sister, California Sister, Californian Sister, Sister, Sisters (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071106)*
Chlosyne californica (W.G. Wright): California Patch, California Patch, California Patch Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (071406), 106 (fam. - 071406)*
Chlosyne lacinia (W.H. Edwards): Bordered Patch, Bordered Patch Butterfly, Crocale Patch, Crocale Patch Butterfly, Geyer’s Patch Butterfly, Sunflower Patch (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. crocale - 071506)*
Cynthia cardui (see Vanessa cardui)
Danaus gilippus (P. Cramer): Desert Queen, Mexican Queen, Queen, Queen Butterfly, Striated Queen (larvae feed on milkweed; within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. strigosus - 071306), 60 (subspp. berenice and strigosus), 106 (sp. - 053006)*
Danaus plexippus (C. Linnaeus): Archippus, Milkweed Butterfly, Monarch, Monarch Butterfly, Storm Fritillary, Wanderer (larvae feed on milkweed; within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (071306), 60, 106 (053006)*
Dymasia dymas (W.H. Edwards): Dymas Checkerspot, Dymas Checkerespot Butterfly, Small Checkerspot, Tiny Checkerspot (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. dymas - 071506)*
Euptoieta claudia (Cramer): Common Variegated Fritillary, Pale Red Butterfly, Variegated Fritillary, Variegated Fritillary Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071506)*
Myscelia cyananthe Mengel: Blackened Bluewing, Cyananthe Blue Wing, Dark Blue Wave, Large Purple wing, Mengel’s Myscelia, Mengel’s Myscelia Butterfly, Mexican Purple Wing (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. skinneri - 071606)*
Nymphalis antiopa (C. Linnaeus): Antiope Vaness, Antiopa Butterfly, Camberwell Beauty, Grand Surprise, Morio, Mourning Cloak, Mourning Cloak Butterfly, Spiny Elm Caterpillar, Trauermantel, White-border, White Petticoat, Willow Butterfly, Yellow Bordered Butterfly, Yellow Edge (larvae feed on the foliage of birch, elm, hackberry, poplar and willow; within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (071606), 60, 106 (071606)*
Texola elada (W.H. Edwards): Callina Checkerspot, Elada Checkerspot, Elada Checkerspot Butterfly, Pearse Checkerspot Butterfly, Small Checkerspot, Tiny Checkerspot, Ulrica Checkerspot, Ulrica Checkerspot Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subspp. perse and ulrica - 071606)*
Thessalia fulvia (W.H. Edwards): Checkerspot, Fulvia Checkerspot, Fulvia Checkerspot Butterfly, Fulvia Crescent, Fulvous Checkerspot, Orange Paintbrush (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. fulvia - 071606)*
Vanessa annabella (Field): Malva butterfly, West Coast Lady, West Coast Lady Butterfly, Western Lady, Western Painted Lady (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071606)*
Vanessa atalanta (C. Lannaeus): Alderman, Atalanta Butterfly, Atalanta Vaness, Nettle Butterfly, Red Admirable, Red Admiral, Red Admiral Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. rubia (Frustorfer) - 071606), 106 (071606)*
Vanessa cardui (C. Linnaeus) (Cynthia cardui (C. Linnaeus)): Cosmopolitan, Cosmopolite, Cynthia of the Thistle, Painted Beauty, Painted Lady, Painted Lady Butterfly, Thistle Butterfly, Thistle Cynthy (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071006), 60, 106 (053006)*
Vanessa virginiensis (Drury): American Lady Butterfly, American Painted Lady, Hunter’s Butterfly, Hunter’s Cynthy, Hunter’s Painted Lady, Marbled Cynthia, Painted Lady, Scarce Painted Lady, Virginia Lady (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071006), 106 (071006)*
Family Papilionidae: The Swallowtail Family
Battus philenor (C. Linnaeus): Blue Swallowtail, Green Swallowtail, Pipevine Swallowtail, Pipevine Swallowtail Butterfly (larvae feed on Virginia Snakeroot and Dutchman’s Pipe (Aristolochia watsoni); within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (071006), 60, 106 (053006)*
Heraclides crephontes (Cramer) (Papillo cresphontes): Giant Swallowtail, Giant Swallowtail Butterfly, Orange Dog (larvae), Orange Puppy (larvae) (larvae feed on citrus, hop trees and prickly ash; within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (071006), 60*
Papillo cresphontes (see Heraclides crephontes)
Papillo multicaudatus (see Pterourus multicaudatus)
Papilio polyxenes J.C. Fabricius subsp. asterius (Stoll): American Swallowtail, Black Swallowtail, Black Swallowtail Butterfly, Carawayworm, Celeryworm, Common American Swallowtail, Common Eastern Swallowtail, Eastern Black Swallowtail, Parsley Swallowtail, Parsleyworm, Parsnip Swallowtail (larvae feed on the foliage of members of the Carrot Family; within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071006), 60, 106 (053006)*
Pterourus multicaudatus (W.F. Kirby) (Papillo multicaudatus): Daunus, Daunus Butterly, Daunus Swallowtail, Three-tailed Swallowtail, Two-tailed Swallowtail, Two-tailed Swallowtail Butterfly, Two-tailed Tiger Swallowtail (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071006)*
Family Pieridae: The Sulfur Butterfly and White Family
Anthocharis cethura (C. & R. Felder): Cethura, Cethura Orange Tip, Desert Orangetip, Desert Orangetip Butterfly, Felder's Orange Tip Butterfly, Felder’s Orangetip Cethura (feeds on buds (larvae) and pods (larvae) of Crucifers (Brassicaceae); within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (071006), 106 (053006)*
Appias drusilla: Capperwhite, Florida White Butterfly, Tropical
White, Tropical White Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been
reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14
(subsp. poeyi
Anthocharis thoosa (S.H. Scudder): Sara Orange Tip,
Colias eurytheme (Boisduval): Alfalfa Caterpillar, Alfalfa Sulfur, Boisduval’s Sulfur, Eurytheme, Eurytheme Sulfur, Orange Clover Butterfly, Orange Sulfur Butterfly, Roadside Sulfur (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations)*8, 14 (071106)*
Eurema mexicanum (Boisduval): Mexican Sulfur, Mexican Yellow, Mexican Yellow Butterfly, Wolf Face Sulfur (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071106) *
Eurema nicippe (Crammer): Black-bordered Orange, Black-bordered Yellow, Nicippe, Nicippe Sulfur, Nicippe Yellow, Rambling Orange, Sleepy Orange, Sleepy Orange Buttlerfly, Sleepy Orange Sulfur, Sleepy Sulfur, Small Orange (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071106)*
Eurema proterpia (Fabricius): Gundlach’s Orange, Gundlach’s Sulfur, Jamaican Orange, Proterpia, Proterpia Orange, Proterpia Sulfur, Proterpia Yellow, Tailed Orange, Tailed Orange Butterfly, Tailed Sulfur (within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071106)*
Kricogonia lyside (Godart): Castalia, Castalia Sulfur, Grey Sulfur,Godart’s Sulfur, Guayacan Sulfur, Lignum Vitae Yellow, Lyside, Lyside Sulfur Butterfly (within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071606)*
Nathalis iole Boisduval: Dainty Dwarf, Dainty Dwarf Sulfur, Dainty Sulfur, Dainty Sulfur Butterfly, Dwarf Yellow, Yellow Dwarf (within the range of this species it has been reported as occurring in the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (071106)*
Phoebis sennae (C. Linnaeus): Cloudless Giant Sulfur, Cloudless Sulfur, Cloudless Sulfur Butterfly, Common Sulfur, Giant Sulfur (larvae feed on members of the Pea Family, within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (071106), 60, 106 (071106)*
Family Riodinidae: The Metalmark Family
Apodemia palmerii Austin: Arizona Mesquite Metalmark, Gray Metalmark, Mesquite Metalmark, Margined Metalmark, Palmer’s Metalmark, Palmer’s Metalmark Butterfly, Skinner’s Metalmark (within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (subsp. arizona - 071106)*
Section Deuterostomia: The
Deuterostomes
Phylum Chordata: The Chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata: The
Vertebrates
CLASS
AMPHIBIA: The AMPHIBIANS
A Checklist of the Mammals, Amphibians and
Reptiles of Organ Pipe Cactus
National Monument is available at the Visitor
Center for $0.50 (November 2005)
Family Bufonidae: The Toad Family
Bufo alvarius C.F. Girard in S.F. Baird (5): Colorado River Toad, Sonoran Desert Toad (feeds on beetles, grasshoppers, lizards, mice, snails, spiders and other toads; takes shelter in underground burrows; breeding corresponds to spring and summer rains when they congregate at temporary pools and other bodies of water; within the range of this species it has been reported from near springs, streams, reservoirs, and pools in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Skin secretions are toxic to dogs and other animals and the mouthing a Colorado River Toad may cause temporary paralysis or death. *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (052506)*
Bufo cognatus (T. Say): Great
Plains Toad (feeds on algae (larvae),
arachnids, insects, mites (juveniles) and snails; takes shelter by burrowing
into soil; breeding takes place in streams, irrigation ditches, temporary
pools, and fields under irrigation; within the range of this species it has
been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations)
*14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (052506)*
Bufo punctatus S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard: Red-spotted Toad (feeds on algae (larvae), arachnids, carrion (larvae), cyanobacteria (larvae), organic detritus (larvae), insects; takes shelter in underground burrows and rock crevices; breeding takes place in springs, reservoirs, and temporary pools associated with intermittent streams; within the range of this species it has been reported from rocky areas in arroyos, canyons, flats, floodplains and oases near water in the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (052506), 108*
Bufo retiformis Smith & Sanders: Pima Green Toad, Sonora Green Toad, Sonoran Green Toad (feeds on arthropods; takes shelter in underground burrows; breeding takes place at rain-formed ponds, pools, sumps and wash bottoms with adjacent grass and shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 37, 55, 73, 83 (reported, but lacks verified populations - check HDMS records), 87*
Family Microhylidae: The Microhylid Family
Gastrophryne olivacea E. Hallowell: Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad, Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad, Sinaloan Narrow-mouthed Toad, Western Narrow-mouthed Toad (feeds on ants and other insects; takes shelter in underground burrows, crevices and under bark and rocks; breeding takes place in temporary rain pools, ponds, and other aquatic habitats; within the range of this species it has been reported from moist areas, pools along intermittent streams, cattle tanks, and spring seepages in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 87, 106 (052506)*
Family Pelobatidae: The Spadefoot Toad Family
Scaphiopus couchi S.F. Baird: Couch’s Spadefoot (feeds on amphibians (larvae), ants, arachnids, beetles, carrion (larvae), centipedes, crickets, cyanobacteria (larvae), organic detritus (larvae), millipedes, plant matter, tadpoles and termites; takes shelter in underground burrows; breeding takes place in temporary ponds, rain pools, irrigation ditches, reservoirs, and slow moving streams; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 108*
CLASS
AVES: The BIRDS
A Checklist of the Birds of Organ Pipe Cactus
National Monument is
available at the Visitor Center for $0.75
(November 2005)
Family Accipitridae: The Eagle, Hawk, Kite and Allies Family
Accipiter cooperii (L.C. Bonaparte) (5): Cooper’s Hawk, Galvilan Palomero (Hispanic), Galvilan Pollero (Hispanic) (feeds on small birds and mammals; nest is a platform of sticks located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Accipiter striatus L.J. Vieillot: Galvilan Pajerero (Hispanic), Sharp-shinned Hawk; Wishag (feeds on birds and small mammals; nest is a platform of twigs located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Aquila chrysaetos (C. Linnaeus): Aguila Real (Hispanic), American War Bird, Bird of Jupiter, Black Eagle, Brown Eagle, Calumet Bird, Calumet Eagle, Golden Eagle, Gray Eagle, Jackrabbit Eagle, King of Birds, Mountain Eagle, Ring-tailed Eagle, Royal Eagle, War Bird, White-tailed Eagle (feeds on birds, rabbits and larger rodents; nest is a bulky mass of sticks located on cliffs, ledges or in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Buteo albicaudatus (L.J. Vieillot): Sennett’s White-tailed Hawk, White-tailed Hawk (feeds on insects, lizards, rabbits and rodents; nest is a platform of sticks lined with grass located in cacti, bushes, scrub trees and yuccas; within the range of this species it has been reported from woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071706), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 106 (fam. - 071706)*
Buteo albonotatus (J.J. Kaup): Aguilill Cola Cinchada (Hispanic), Zone-tailed Hawk (feeds on small birds, lizards, and rodents; nest is a platform of sticks and green twigs located on cliffs or in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Buteo jamaicensis (J.F. Gmelin): Buzzard, Buzzard Hawk, Chicken Hawk, Eastern Redtail, Gavilan Cola Roja (Hispanic), Hen Hawk, Mouse Hawk, Red Hawk, Redtail, Red-tailed Buzzard, Red-tailed Hawk, Western Redtail (feeds on birds, lizards and rodents; nest is a platform of sticks located on cliffs and in saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. calurus, fuertesi and harlani - 071706), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071706)*
Buteo jamaicensis subsp. calurus (J.F. Gmelin): Buzzard, Buzzard Hawk, Chicken Hawk, Eastern Redtail, Gavilan Cola Roja (Hispanic), Hen Hawk, Mouse Hawk, Red Hawk, Redtail, Red-tailed Buzzard, Red-tailed Hawk, Western Redtail (feeds on birds, lizards and rodents; nest is a platform of sticks located on cliffs and in saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071706), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69, 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 071706), 108*
Buteo regalis (G.R. Gray): Ferruginous Hawk, Ferruginous Rough-legged Hawk (feeds on prairie dogs, ground squirrels and other rodents, birds, crickets and locusts; nest is a platform of sticks located in bushes and trees, or on cliffs, ground, hillsides, ledges and riverbanks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Buteo swainsoni C.L. Bonaparte: Gavilan Chapulinero (Hispanic), Swainson’s Hawk (feeds on grasshoppers, locusts and rodents; nest is a platform of sticks located on cliffs or ground, or in bushes, tall cacti, trees and yuccas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Buteogallus anthracinus (F. Deppe): Aguililla-negra Menor (Spanish), Black Hawk, Common Black-hawk, Crab Hawk, Gavilon Negro Comun (Hispanic), Lesser Black Hawk, Mexican Black Hawk, Sparrowhawk Black Crab Seller, Sparrowhawk Cracb Seller, (feeds on birds, crabs, crayfish, fishes, frogs, insects, rodents and snakes; nest is a platform of sticks lined with bark locate high up in cottonwood, mangrove and mesquite trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (subsp. anthracinus (F. Deppe) - 090906), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (090906)*
Circus cyaneus (C. Linnaeus): Gavilan Norteno (Hispanic), Hen Harrier, Marsh Hawk, Northern Harrier (feeds on birds, mice and other small mammals; nest is made of grasses, reeds and stalks located on the ground in grasses or marsh; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Elanus leucurus (L.J. Vieillot): Black-winged Kite, Black-shouldered Kite, White Hawk, White-tailed Kite (feeds on large insects, mice and reptiles; nest is made of twigs lined with roots and grasses located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Pandion haliaetus (C. Linnaeus): Fish Eagle, Fish Hawk, Marsh Hawk, Osprey (feeds on fish; nest is a massive platform of sticks located in tall cacti, trees, cliff ledges, rock pinnacles or the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodlands, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Parabuteo unicinctus C.J. Temminck: Aguililla Cinchada (Hispanic), Aguililla Roja (Hispanic), Bay-winged Hawk, Harris Hawk, Harris’s Hawk (feeds on rodents, rabbits and birds; nest is a platform of sticks located in mesquites, small trees and yuccas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Aegithalidae: The Bushtit Family
Psaltriparus minimus (J.K. Townsend): Black-eared Bushtit, Black-tailed Bushtit, Bushtit, Coast Bushtit, Common Bushtit, Lead-colored Bushtit, Lloyd’s Bushtit, Sastrecito (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and larvae, including the Western Spruce Budworm and Douglas-fir Tussock Moth, and spiders; nests are hanging long woven cups or pouches made of lichens, plant wool and spider webs located in bushes and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Alaudidae: The Lark Family
Eremophila alpestris (C. Linnaeus): Alondra Cuermuda (Hispanic), Horned Lark, Shore Lark (feeds on insects, seeds and spiders; nests are made of grasses located on the ground in depressions and scrapes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Alcidinidae: The Kingfisher Family
Ceryle alcyon (C. Linnaeus) (Megaceryle alcyon (C. Linnaeus)): Belted Kingfisher, Halcyon, Lazy Bird, Martin Pescador (Hispanic) (feeds on amphibians, birds, crustaceans, small fishes, insects, lizards and mammals; eggs are laid at the end of burrows located on the banks of creeks, rivers, lakes and ponds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Megaceryle alcyon (see Ceryle alcyon)
Family Anatidae: The Duck, Goose and Swan Family
Aix sponsa (C. Linnaeus): Pato Arbolero (Hispanic), Wood Duck (feeds on acorns, algae, amphibians, arachnids, fishes, gastropods, insects, mollusks, plants and seeds; nests are lined with down located in cavities in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 8484 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 93, 106 (071806)*
Anas acuta C. Linnaeus: Northern Pintail, Northern Pintail Duck, Pato Golondrino (Hispanic), Pintail, Sprig (feeds on aquatic plants and insects; nests are down-lined hollows located in marshes and on prairies; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Anas americana J.F. Gmelin (“Mareca” americana J.F. Gmelin): American Wigeon, American Wigeon Duck, Baldpate, Pato Chalcuan (Hispanic), Widgeon (feeds on aquatics plants, crustaceans, grasses, insects, mollusks and seeds; nests are lined with down located on the ground in depressions and hollows in grass; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Anas clypeata C. Linnaeus (Spatula clypeata C. Linnaeus): Northern Shoveler, Northern Shoveler Duck, Pato Cucharon (Hispanic), Shoveler, Spoonbill (feeds on bulrushes, crustaceans, decapods, gastropods, insects, grasses, mollusks, sedges and zooplankton; nests are hollows lined with down located on the ground in grasses, sedges and under bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Anas crecca C. Linnaeus: Cerceta de Alas Verdes (Hispanic), Common Teal, Green-winged Teal, Green-winged Teal Duck, Teal (feeds on aquatic plants, arthropods, grasses, insects and mollusks; nests are down and grass lined hollows located in marshes and under shrubs or small trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Anas cyanoptera L.J. Vieillot: Cerceta Cafe (Hispanic), Cinnamon Teal, Cinnamon Teal Duck (feeds on aquatic plants, grasses, insects and mollusks; nests are down lined hollows located in bulrushes, grasses and reeds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Anas discors C. Linnaeus: Blue-winged Teal, Blue-winged Teal Duck, Cerceta de Alas Azules (Hispanic) (feeds on annelid worms, aquatic plants, crustaceans, decapods, grasses, insects and larvae, plants, mollusks and snails; nests are shallow depressions and hollows lined with dry grasses and down located on the ground near water; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formation within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. discors C. Linnaeus - 090906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 106 (090906)*
Anas platyrhynchos C. Linnaeus: Common Mallard, Common Wild Duck, Curly-tail, Domestic Duck, English Duck, French Duck, Gray Duck, Gray Mallard, Greenhead, Mallard, Mallard Duck, Mexican Duck, Mottled Duck, Pato de Collar (Hispanic), Stock Duck, Wild Duck (feeds on acorns, aquatic plants and earthworms; nests are down-lined hollows located in grass and reeds and under shrubs, saplings and deadfalls, rarely in crotches in trees and abandoned crow, hawk and magpie nests; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Anas strepera C. Linnaeus: Gadwall, Gadwall Duck, Pato Pinto (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, crustaceans, gastropods, grasses and other plants, insects and mollusks; nests are lined with down located on the ground in depressions and hollows in grass and under shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Aythya affinis (T.C. Eyton): “Bluebill”, Lesser Scaup, Lesse Scaup Duck, Pato Boludo Chico (Hispanic), Western Scaup (feeds on annelid worms, crustaceans, decapods, gastropods, insects, pondweed, mollusks; nests are depressions lined with down and grasses located on the ground in grasses and tall vegetation; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Aythya americana (T.C. Eyton): Redhead, Redhead Duck (feeds on algae (muskgrass), gastropods, grasses, mollusks, pondweed seeds and tubers and sedges; nests are baskets made of reeds and lined with down located in marshes in bulrushes, reeds and tules; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Aythya collaris (E. Donovan): Pato Chaparro (Hispanic), Ring-necked Duck (feeds on annelid worms, aquatic plants, arachnids, arthropods, fishes, gastropods, insects and larvae and mollusks; nests are bowl-shaped cups of made of aquatic vegetation and grasses and reeds and lined with down located in marshes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (090906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (090906)*
Aythya valisineria (A. Wilson): Canvasback, Canvasback Duck, Pato Coacoxtle (Hispanic) (feeds on algae, fish, aquatic insects, mollusks and aquatic plants; nests are baskets constructed of grass and reeds lined with down constructed over water in bulrushes, cattails, reeds and sedges in marshes or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (071706), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071706)*
Branta canadensis (C. Linnaeus): Cackling Goose, Canada Goose, Ganzo Canadensis (Hispanic), Greater Canada, “Hutchins’ Goose” (feeds on grasses; nests are plant masses located on islets, lakeshores, in marshes, river bottoms with oxbows and sloughs and in large abandoned platform nests located on cliffs and in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55 (gen.), 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Bucephala albeola (C. Linnaeus): Bufflehead, Bufflehead Duck, Pato Chillon Chico (Hispanic) (feeds on aquatic plants, crustaceans, fishes, gastropods, insects and larvae, mollusks and plants; nests are located in tree cavities; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (081206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (090906)*
Bucephala clangula (C. Linnaeus): American Goldeneye, Common Goldeneye, Common Goldeneye Duck, “Whistler” (feeds on crustaceans, decapods, fishes, gastropods, insects, pondweed and sedges; nests are lined with down located in snags, rotted out stumps and woodpecker nesting holes and cavities in large trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formation within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. americana (C.L. Bonaparte) - 081206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (090906)*
Lophodytes cucullatus (C. Linnaeus): Hooded Merganser, Hooded Merganser Duck, Mergo Copeton (Hispanic), “Sawbill” (feeds on amphibians, crustaceans, decapods, fishes, insects and larvae and plants; nests are lined with down located in cavities in hollow trees and stumps; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (090906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (090906)*
Mareca
Mergus merganser C. Linnaeus: Common Merganser, Common Merganser Duck, Goosander (European), Mergo Comun (Hispanic), “Sawbill” (feeds on arthropods, young birds, small fishes, frogs, insects, leeches, mollusks, mussels, salamanders, shrimps, snails and worms; nests are down lined located in tree cavities and well concealed hollows on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formation within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. americanus (J. Cassin) - 081206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (subspp. - 090906)*
Mergus serrator C. Linnaeus: Mergo Pecho Rojo (Hispanic), Red-breasted Merganser, Red-breasted Merganser Duck (feeds on crustaceans, decapods, fishes, frogs and insects; nests are hollows lined with down located in burrows and among brush, rocks and tree roots; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. serrator (C. Linnaeus) - 081306), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (090906)*
Oxyura jamaicensis (J.F. Gmelin): Pato Tepalcate (Hispanic), Ruddy Duck (feeds on annelid worms, crustaceans, gastropods, insects, aquatic plant roots and seeds, pondweed and sedges; nests are baskets made of woven grass located attached to reeds over water; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsup. rubida (Wilson) - 081206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (090906)*
Spatula clypeata (see Anas clypeata)
Family Apodidae: The Swift Family
Aeronautes saxatalis (S.W. Woodhouse): White-throated Swift, Vencejo Montanes (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nest is a bracket made of saliva cemented twigs located in caves and crevices in mountain and sea cliffs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Chaetura vauxi (J.K. Townsend): Vaux’s Swift (feeds on insects; nest is a bracket made of small sticks cemented together with saliva and attached to the inside of the hollows of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Vaux’s Swift is a predator of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Ardeidae: The Bittern, Egret and Heron Family
Ardea alba C. Linnaeus (Casmerodius albus (C. Linnaeus): American Egret, Common Egret, Garza Grande (Hispanic), Great Egret, Great White Egret, “Great White Heron”, Kotuku (New Zealand), White Heron (feeds on fishes, frogs, insects and snakes; nests are bulky platforms made of stems and sticks located in trees, dead brush and tule marshes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (subsp. egretta (J.F. Gmelin) - 081306), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (subspp. - 091006)*
Ardea herodias C. Linnaeus: Garza (Hispanic), Garza Ceniza (Hispanic), Great Blue Heron, Great White Heron (white morph of the Great Blue Heron), Treganza’s Heron, Wurdemann’s Heron (intermediate morph of the Great Blue Heron which has a white head) (feeds on amphibians, small birds, crayfish, decapods, fishes, frogs, insects, mice, mollusks, reptiles, rodents, spiders and turtles; nest is a bulky platform made up of sticks located on cliffs, islets, rocky islands, swamps and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) If disturbed, adults may abandon nests and roosting sites and quit feeding nestlings.*14 (subspp. herodius and tregansai (Court) - 081306), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Bubulcus ibis (C. Linnaeus) (this species is sometimes placed in the genus Egretta): Cattle Egret, Garza Garrapatera (Hispanic) (feeds on amphibians, arachnids, birds, fishes, insects and insect larvae, mammals and reptiles; nests are platforms made of sticks located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodlands, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC. *14 (subsp. ibis (C. Linnaeus) - 082106), 20, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Butorides striatus (see Butorides virescens)
Butorides virescens (C. Linnaeus) (Butorides striatus C. Linnaeus): Garza Espalda Verde (Hispanic), Green-backed Heron, Green Heron, Little Heron, Mangrove Heron Striated Heron (feeds on annelid worms, crayfish, crustaceans, decapods, fishes, frogs, gastropods, insects, mice, mollusks, reptiles and spiders; nest is a flimsy platform made up of grasses and sticks located in clumps of grass, shrubs, thickets or in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subspp. anthonyi (Mearns) and virescens (C. Linneaus) - 081306), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Casmerodius albus (see Ardea alba)
Egretta thula (G.I. Molina) (Leucophoyx thula (G.I. Molina): Garza Nevado (Hispanic), Brewster’s Egret, Snowy Egret, Snowy Heron (feeds on smaller amphibians, annelid worms, crustaceans, decapods, fishes, gastropods, insects, mammals and reptiles; shallow nests are platforms made of dead bullrushes and sticks and lined with fine twigs located in tules, mash grasses shrubs or trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (subsp. brewsteri (Thayer & Bangs) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Egretta tricolor (L.S. Müller) (Hydranassa tricolor (L.S. Müller): Garza Tres Colores (Hispanic), Louisiana Heron, Tricolored Heron (feeds on annelid worms, arachnids, crustaceans, fishes, frogs, gastropods, insects, mollusks and reptiles; nests are platforms constructed of sticks located on the ground, among reeds or in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. ruficollis (Gosse) - 071706), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (091006)*
Hydranassa tricolor (see Egretta tricolor)
Ixobrychus exilis (J.F. Gmelin): Garcita Chica (Hispanic), Least Bittern, Western Least Bittern (feeds on amphibians, annelid worms, birds, fishes, gastropods, insects and mollusks; nests are well concealed platforms constructed from cattails, grasses, reeds, sticks and twigs located above water among cattails, reeds and rushes in marshes and reedy ponds; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subspp. exilis and hesperis - 071706), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006), *
Leucophoyx thula (see Egretta thula)
Nycticorax nycticorax (C. Linnaeus): Black-crowned Night-heron, Garza Copete Negro (Hispanic), Night Heron (Europe) (feeds on annelid worms, the young of other water birds crustaceans, decapods, small fishes, frogs, insects, small mammals, mollusks and reptiles; nests are loose platforms made of canes, stalks and sticks and lined with marsh grasses or twigs located on the ground in marshes in thickets and tules and in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) The Black-crowned Night-heron is sensitive to human disturbance. *14 (subsp. hoacti (J.F. Gmelin) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Family Bombycillidae: The Waxwing Family
Bombycilla cedrorum L.J. Vieillot: Cedar Waxwing, Chinito Bolera (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, insects and seeds; nest is a bulk cup of grass, moss and twigs woven onto the horizontal branches of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Caprimulgidae: The Nighthawk, Nightjar and Allies Family
Caprimulgus ridgwayi (E.W. Nelson): Aguador de Ridgway (Hispanic), Buff-collard Nightjar, Cookacheea, Preste-me-tu-cuchillo, Ridgway’s Whip-poor-will (feeds on insects; no nest, the eggs are laid on open ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 69, 93*
Chordeiles acutipennis (J. Hermann): Aquador Tapacamino Chico (Hispanic), Lesser Nighthawk, Nehpod (Tohono O’Odham), Texas Nighthawk (feeds on insects; no nest, the eggs are laid on open ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Phalaenoptilus nuttalli (J.J. Audubon): Aquador (Hispanic), Common Poorwill, Kohlo’Ogam (Tohono O’Odham), Nuttall’s Poor-will, Poor-will (feeds on nocturnal insects; no nest, the eggs are laid on bare ground, gravel or rock; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Family Cardinalidae: The Bunting, Cardinal and Grosbeak Family
Cardinalis cardinalis (C. Linneaus) (Richmondena cardinalis (C. Linneaus)): Cardenal (Hispanic), Cardenal Rojo (Hispanic), Northern Cardinal, Sipuk (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on small fruits, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups of shredded bark and twigs located in a low shrubs or thickets; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108 (recorded as Richmondena cardinalis subsp. superba)*
Cardinalis sinuatus C.L. Bonaparte (Pyrrhuloxia sinuata C.L. Bonaparte): Bichpod (Tohono O’odham), Cardenal Gris, Cardinal Torito (Hispanic), Desert Cardinal, Pyrrhuloxia (feeds on small fruits, insects and seeds nests are neat cups located in thorny bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108 (recorded as Pyrrhuloxia sinuata fulvescens)*
Guiraca caerulea (see Passerina caerulea)
Passerina amoena (T. Say): Jaspeado (Hispanic), Lazuli Bunting (feeds on small fruits, insects and seeds nests are loose cups made of grasses and leaves located in low bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Passerina caerulea (C. Linnaeus) (Guiraca caerulea (C. Linnaeus)): Blue Grosbeak, Pico Gordo Azul (Hispanic) (feeds on small fruits, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of grasses, rootlets and snakeskin located in a bushes or low trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Passerina ciris (C. Linnaeus): Nonpareil (French), Mariposa Pintada (Painted Butterfly - Spanish), Painted Bunting, Siete Colores (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, small fruits, insects and seeds; nests are woven cups lines with grasses, hair and leaves located in low crotches of bushes and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Passerina cyanea (C. Linneaus): Indigo Bunting (feeds on berries, buds, small fruits, insects and seeds; nests are woven cups made of grass and weeds located low in the crotch of bushes, dense shrubs and low growing trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Passerina versicolor (C.L. Bonaparte): Beautiful Bunting, Varied Bunting (feeds on insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grass located in shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Pheucticus ludovicianus (C. Linnaeus): Pepitero Pico Rojo (Hispanic), Rose-breasted Grosbeak (feeds on berries, small fruits, insects and seeds nests are frail flat saucers made of plant stems and twigs located in bushes, large shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland and wetland ecological formations including those within the desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Pheucticus melanocephalus (W. Swainson): Black-headed Grosbeak, Rocky Mountain Grosbeak, Tigrillo (Hispanic) (feeds on small fruits, insects and seeds nests are frail saucers made of plant stems and twigs located in bushes and tree forks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Pyrrhuloxia sinuata (see Cardinalis sinuatus)
Pyrrhuloxia sinuata subsp. fulvescens (see footnote under Cardinalis sinuatus)
Richmondena cardinalis (see Cardinalis cardinalis)
Richmondena cardinalis subsp.
superba (see footnote under Cardinalis
cardinalis)
Spiza americana (J.F. Gmelin): Dickcissel (feeds on insects and insect larvae, seeds and spiders; nests are made of course forbs, grasses, hair, leaves and rootlets located on the ground forbs, grasses and tall vegetation and low in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland and wetland ecological formations, sightings in the desertscrub ecological formation are out of the normal range for this species and considered to be accidental) *14 (091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (091006)*
Family Cathartidae:
The
Cathartes aura (C. Linnaeus): Nuwi (Tohono O’odham), Turkey Vulture, Zopilote (Hispanic) (feeds on carrion; no nests, eggs are laid in crevices in rocks, on cliffs, on the ground in thickets and in tree hollows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. septentrionalis and teter - 071706), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Cathartes aura (C. Linnaeus) subsp. teter: Nuwi (Tohono O’odham), Turkey Vulture, Zopilote (Hispanic) (feeds on carrion; no nests, eggs are laid in crevices in rocks, on cliffs, on the ground in thickets and in tree hollows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071706), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Coragyps atratus (J.M. Bechstein): American Black Vulture, Black Vulture (feed on carrion, new born calves and lambs and young herons and ducks; no nests, eggs are laid in caves, crevices in rock, on the ground in thickets and in tree hollows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Family Certhiidae: The Creeper Family
Certhia americana C.L. Bonaparte (Certhia familiaris C. Linnaeus): American Tree Creeper, Brown Creeper, Carpinterito Cafe (Hispanic), Mexican Creeper, Rocky Mountain Creeper (feeds on insects and insect eggs, larvae and pupae, pseudoscorpions, seeds and spiders; nests are cup-shaped or hammock-like made of bark, moss, spider webbing and twigs located under a strip of bark low on the trunk of a dead tree and in tree cavities; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. americana, albescens (Berlepsch) and montana (R. Ridgway) - 091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Certhia familiaris (see
Certhia
Family Charadriidae: The Lapwing and Plover Family
Charadrius semipalmatus (C.L. Bonaparte): Ringed Plover, Semipalmated Plover (feeds on crustaceans, insects, mollusks and worms; nests are shallow scrapes lined with pebbles, plant material and shell fragments or in depressions in sand located on the ground on beaches and dunes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806)*
Charadrius vociferus (C. Linnaeus): Chiwi-Chuhch (Tohono O’odham), Killdeer, Tildio (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, insects, marine invertebrates and worms; eggs are laid in a scrape on bare ground in fields and shores; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. vociferous - 071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806), 108*
Family Ciconiidae: The Wood Ibis and Stork Family
Mycteria americana C. Linnaeus: “Wood Ibis”, Wood Stork (feeds on fishes, frogs, invertebrates and snakes; nests are bulky and made of sticks located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206), 108*
Family Columbidae: The Dove and Pigeon Family
Columba fasciata (T. Say): Band-tailed Pigeon, Blue Pigeon, Blue Rock, Paloma Pellotera (Hispanic), White-collard Pigeon (feeds on acorns, berries, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are flat stick platforms located on branches and twigs of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Columba livia J.F. Gmelin: Domestic Pigeon, Feral Pigeon, Pigeon, Paloma Domestica (Hispanic), Rock Dove, Rock Pigeon (feeds on insects, green plant matter and seeds; nests on buildings and cliffs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC. *14, 20, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Columbigallina passerina (see Columbina passerina)
Columbina inca (R.P. Lesson) (Scardafella inca (R.P. Lesson)): Gugu (Tohono O’odham), Inca Dove, Tortola (Hispanic), Tortolita Comun (Hispanic) (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; saucer shaped nests are made of mixed vegetation and located in shrubs and low trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Columbina passerina (C. Linnaeus) (Columbigallina passerina (C. Linnaeus)): Common Ground-dove, Ground Dove, Torcacita (Hispanic) (feeds on seeds; nests are made flimsy saucers of twigs located low to the ground in cacti, shrubs, trees and vines or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Scardafella inca (see Columbina inca)
Zenaida asiatica (C. Linnaeus): Mexican Dove, Okokoi (Tohono O’odham), Paloma ala Blancha (Hispanic), Paloma de alas Blanchas, Sonora Dove, White-wing, White-winged Dove, White-wing Pigeon (feeds on berries, fruit, gastropods, insects, mollusks and seeds; nests are flimsy stick platforms located in thickets and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. asiatica, grandis (Saunders), mearnsi (R. Ridgway) and monticola (Saunders) - 071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806),*
Zenaida asiatica (C. Linnaeus) subsp. mearnsi: Mexican Dove, Okokoi (Tohono O’odham), Paloma ala Blancha (Hispanic), Paloma de alas Blanchas, Sonora Dove, White-wing, White-winged Dove, White-wing Pigeon (feeds on berries, fruit, gastropods, insects, mollusks and seeds; nests are flimsy stick platforms located in thickets and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 071806), 108*
Zenaida macroura (C. Linnaeus) (Zenaidura macroura (C. Linnaeus)): Hohhi (Tohono O’odham), Huilota (Hispanic), Paloma Triste (Hispanic), Mourning Dove, Turtle Dove, Wild Dove (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose platforms made of forbs, grasses, leaves, rootlets, sticks and twigs located in cacti, shrubs, trees and on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. carolinensis (C. Linnaeus) and marginella (S.W. Woodhouse)- 071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806)*
Zenaida macroura (C. Linnaeus) subsp. marginella (Zenaidura macroura (C. Linnaeus)): Hohhi (Tohono O’odham), Huilota (Hispanic), Paloma Triste (Hispanic), Mourning Dove, Turtle Dove, Wild Dove (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose platforms made of forbs, grasses, leaves, rootlets, sticks and twigs located in cacti, shrubs, trees and on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 071806), 108*
Zenaidura macroura (see Zenaida macroura)
Family Corvidae: The Crow, Jay, Magpie and Raven Family
Aphelocoma californica (N.A. Vigors) (Aphelocoma coerulescens subsp. californica Schmitt): California Jay, Pajaro Azul (Hispanic), Santa Cruz Jay, Scrub Jay, Western Scrub-jay (feeds on acorns, berries, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are bowls made of grass, rootlets and twigs located in shrubs and trees; through the burying of acorns they play an important role in the regeneration of oak woodlands lost to drought and fire; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Aphelocoma coerulescens subsp. californica (see Aphelocoma californica)
Corvus corax C. Linnaeus: American Raven, Common Raven, Hawani (Tohono O’odham), Cuervo Comun (Hispanic), Cuervo Grande (Hispanic) (feeds on small animals and birds, berries, carrion, insects and seeds; nests are made of bones, sticks and wool located on cliffs, saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Cyanocitta stelleri (J.F. Gmelin): Azulejo Copeton (Hispanic), Long-crested Jay, Mountain Jay, Pine Jay, Steller’s Jay (feeds on acorns, berries, insects, nuts and seeds; nests are bowls made of pine needles and twigs and lined with feathers, fibers, moss or rootlets located in conifers; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Nucifraga columbiana (A. Wilson): Clark’s Crow, Clark’s Nutcracker (feeds on amphibians, arachnids, bird eggs and fledglings, carrion, insects, small mammals and seeds; nests are bowls made of bark, leaves and sticks and line with grasses located on tree branches; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Cuculidae: The Ani, Cuckoo and Roadrunner Family
Geococcyx californianus (R.P. Lesson): Correcaminos Norteno (Hispanic), Greater Roadrunner, Paisano (Hispanic), Roadrunner, Tadai (feeds on the young of ground nesting birds, insects, lizards, scorpions and snakes; nests are course shallow cups of sticks located in cacti, mesquite trees and shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Family Emberizidae: The Junco, Longspur, Sparrow and Towhee Family
Aimophila carpalis (E. Coues): Rufous-winged Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of woven course and fine grasses located low bushes and cacti, in young mesquite trees and on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Aimophila cassinii (S.W. Woodhouse): Cassin’s Sparrow, Gorrion Cassin (feeds on fruit, insects and seeds; nests are deep cups made of grasses located on the ground and at the bases of bushes and cacti; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Aimophila ruficeps (J. Cassin) (subsp. rupicola (van Rossem) is the only subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Rufous-crowned Sparrow, Yuma Rufous-crowned Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruits and insects; nests are cups lined with grass and plant fibers located on or near the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (091006), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84, (sp.), 106 (sp. - 091006)*
Ammodramus savannarum (J.F. Gmelin): Gorrion Chapulinero (Hispanic), Grasshopper Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses located on the ground in grass; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Amphispiza belli (J. Cassin): Sage Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of fur, grasses and sagebrush located in shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Amphispiza bilineata (J. Cassin): Ba’ I-Chukulim (Tohono O’odham), Black-throated Sparrow, Desert Sparrow, Gorrion Garganta Negra (Hispanic), Zacatonaro Garganta Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of grasses located in cacti and shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. deserticola (R. Ridgway) and opuntia (Burleigh & Lowery) - 071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Amphispiza bilineata (J. Cassin) subsp. deserticola: Ba’ I-Chukulim (Tohono O’odham), Black-throated Sparrow, Desert Sparrow, Gorrion Garganta Negra (Hispanic), Zacatonaro Garganta Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of grasses located in cacti and shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 0514-2606), 108*
Calamospiza melanocorys L.H. Stejneger: Lark Bunting (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of grasses and plant down located in tussocks of grass on the ground and in scrapes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Chlorura chlorura (see Pipilo chlorurus)
Chondestes grammacus (T. Say): Gorrion Alondra (Hispanic), Lark Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses and lined with fine fibers and hairs located on the groun and in small bushes and vines; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Junco hyemalis (C. Linnaeus): “Cassiar” Junco, Dark-eyed Junco, Gorrion Ojas Negros (Hispanic), Gray-headed Junco, Grey-headed Junco, Oregon Junco, Slate-colored Junco, White-winged Junco (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of shreds of bark, grasses, mosses, rootlets and twigs lined with hairs located on the ground in protected areas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (3 forms reported), 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Melospiza georgiana (J. Latham): Gorrion de la Cieneja (Hispanic), Swamp Sparrow (sparrows in general feed on insects, seeds and small fruits; nests are cups made of grasses located in marsh hummocks and tussocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *14, 20, 55 (reported from Tucson), 69, 73, 84, 106 (0514-2606)*
Melospiza lincolnii (J.J. Audubon): Gorrion Lincoln (Hispanic), Lincoln’s Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses located in bogs and muskegs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson): Gorrion Cantor (Hispanic), Song Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses located on the ground and in low bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Passerculus sandwichensis (J.F. Gmelin): Belding’s Sparrow, Chihuahua Savanna Sparrow, Gorrion Zanjero (Hispanic), Large-billed Savannah Sparrow, Large-billed Sparrow, Savannah Sparrow (feeds on gastropods, insects, seeds and spiders; nests are made of grasses located on the ground in depressions, hollows and scrapes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Passerella iliaca (B. Merrem): Ferruginous Finch, Fox-colored Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Fox-tail, Foxy Finch and Gorrion de la Zorra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses and lined with feathers located low in bushes or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Pipilo chlorurus (J.J. Audubon) (Chlorura chlorura (J.J. Audubon)): Green-tailed Towhee, Toqui Cola Verde (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are made of shredded bark and grasses located under brush and on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Pipilo erythrophthalmus (see Pipilo maculatus)
Pipilo fuscus W. Swainson: Bichput (Tohono O’odham), Brown Towhee, Canyon Towhee, Hichput; Toqui Pinto (Hispanic), Vieja (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are large deep cups made of grasses and rootlets located in bushes and low trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Pipilo maculatus W. Swainson (Pipilo erythrophthalmus (C. Linnaeus)): Bullfinch, Bush-bird, Chewink, Eastern Towhee, Ground Robin, Joree, Low-ground-Stephen, Marsh Robin, Mountain Towhee, Nevada Towhee, Rufous-sided Towhee, Spotted Towhee, Spurred Towhee, Swamp Robin, Turkey Sparrow, White-eyed Towhee (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups made of shredded bark and leaves located low in dense bushes on or close to the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Pooecetes gramineus (J.F. Gmelin): Vesper Sparrow (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects, seeds and small fruit; nests are grass lined cups located on the ground in grass and low vegetation; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Rhyncophanes mccownii (see Calcarius mccownii)
Spizella atrogularis (J.L. Cabanis): Black-chinned Sparrow, Gorrion (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are compact, neat, grass lined cups located in low bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Spizella breweri (J. Cassin): Brewer’s Sparrow, Gorrion Brewer (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses located in low conifers, sagebrush or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. breweri and taverneri - 071806), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806)*
Spizella breweri (J. Cassin) subsp. breweri: Brewer’s Sparrow, Gorrion Brewer (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses located in low conifers, sagebrush or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (071806), 108*
Spizella pallida (W. Swainson): Clay-colored Sparrow (feeds on insects and seeds; nests are bulky cups made of grasses and lined with hair located on the ground or near the ground in bushes, forbs, grasses or shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806)*
Spizella passerina (J.M. Bechstein): Chipping Sparrow, “Hairbird” (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses and rootlets and lined with hair located in bushes, trees and vines or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Chipping Sparrow is a predators of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14 (subsp. arizonae (S.F. Baird) - 071806), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806)*
Spizella passerina (J.M. Bechstein) subsp. arizonae: Chipping Sparrow, “Hairbird” (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses and rootlets and lined with hair located in bushes, trees and vines or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Chipping Sparrow is a predators of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14 (071806), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 071806), 108*
Zonotrichia albicollis (J.F. Gmelin): Gorrion Garganta Blanca (Hispanic), White-throated Sparrow (members of this family feed on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of bark fiber, grasses, hairs, mosses and rootlets located under bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Zonotrichia atricapilla (J.F. Gmelin): Golden-crowned Sparrow, Gorrion Copete de Oro (Hispanic) (members of this family feed on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasess and lined with rootlets located on the ground or close to the ground in clumps of vegetation, bushes and shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071806), 55, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071806)*
Zonotrichia leucophrys (J.R. Forster): Gambel’s Sparrow, Gorrion Copete Blanco (Hispanic), Gorrion Corona Blanca (Hispanic), Intermediate Sparrow, Nuttall’s Sparrow, Tomtol (Tohono O’odham), White-crown, White-crowned Sparrow (members of this family feed on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of grasses located in bushes or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Family Falconidae: The Caracara and Falcon Family
Caracara cheriway (see Caracara plancus subsp. audubonii)
Caracara plancus (J.F. Miller) subsp. audubonii (J. Cassin) (Caracara cheriway (Jacquin)): Audubon’s Caracara, Caracara, Common Caracara, Crested Caracara, Mexican Buzzard, “Mexican Eagle”, Northern Caracara (feeds on carrion and small vertebrates; nests are bowls made of reeds and sticks located on the ground and in saguaro cacti, trees and yuccas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Falco columbarius (C. Linnaeus): Merlin, Pigeon Hawk (feeds on birds, insects and rodents; nests in cavities, cliff ledges, niches, tree tops and on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Falco mexicanus H. Schlegel: Halcon Cafe' (Hispanic), Prairie Falcon (feeds on birds, insects and rodents; nests are made on sticks located on cliff niches or on the bare ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Falco peregrinus M. Tunstall subsp. anatum (C.L. Boneparte): American Peregrine Falcon, Duck Hawk, Halcon Peregino (Hispanic), Peregrine Falcon (feeds on bats, birds, insects and rodents; nests are made in potholes and scrapes or on sticks located on cliff ledges; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20 (sp.), 35, 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84, 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 0514-2606)*
Falco sparverius C. Linnaeus: Cernicalo Americano (Hispanic), American Kestrel, Desert Sparrow Hawk, Sisiki (Tohono O’odham), Sparrow Hawk (feeds on amphibians, birds, insects, reptiles, rodents and small birds; eggs are laid in holes in saguaros and trees and on cliffs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Family Fringillidae: The Cardueline and Fringilline Finch Family
Carduelis lawrencei J. Cassin (Spinus lawrencei J. Cassin): Lawrence’s Goldfinch (feeds on berries, buds, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are small, neat, tightly woven cups located in bushes and small trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071906), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Carduelis pinus (A. Wilson) (Spinus pinus (A. Wilson)): Pine Finch, Pine Siskin, Pinonero Rayado (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and seeds; nests are neat cups made of grasses and twigs located on horizontal branches of trees usually conifers; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Pine Siskin is a predator of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14 (subsp. pinus - 071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Carduelis psaltria (T. Say) (Spinus psaltria (T. Say)): Arkansas Goldfinch, Arkansas Green-back, “Dark-backed” Goldfinch, Green-backed Goldfinch, Lesser Goldfinch, Tarweed Canary (feeds on tree buds, insects and seeds; nests are small cups made of bark, cocoons, cotton, feathers, grasses, lichens, moss, plant stems, rootlets, thistle, twigs, spider webbing and wool located in bushes, shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. hesperophilus (Oberholser) and psaltria - 071906), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Carduelis tristis (C. Linnaeus) (Spinus tristis (C. Linnaeus)): American Goldfinch, Common Goldfinch, Eastern Goldfinch, Pale Goldfinch, Wild Canary (feeds on tree buds, insects, maple sap and seeds; nests are compact, felted cups made of bark shreds, feathers, grasses, hair, leaves, plant down and fibers, rootlets, spider webbing and wool located in large composites (Asteraceae) and the branch forks of bushes, shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. pallidus (Mearns) - 071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Carpodacus mexicanus (P.L. Müller): “Hollywood Finch”, House Finch, “Linnet”, Pinzon Mexicano (Hispanic) (feeds on buds, berries, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are tightly woven, compact cups made of debris, feathers, grasses, hair, lichens, plant tufts, sticks and twigs located in cavities and in bushes, cacti, shrubs, trees and vines, sometime uses abandoned nests of other birds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. frontalis (T. Say) - 071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Carpodacus mexicanus (P.L. Müller) subsp. frontalis (T. Say): “Hollywood Finch”, House Finch, “Linnet”, Pinzon Mexicano (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, buds, fruit, insects and seeds; nests are tightly woven, compact cups made of debris, feathers, grasses, hair, lichens, plant tufts, sticks and twigs located in cavities and in bushes, cacti, shrubs, trees and vines, sometime uses abandoned nests of other birds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071906), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 071906), 108*
Carpodacus purpureus (J.F. Gmelin): California Purple Finch, Common Purple Finch, Purple Finch (feeds on berries, buds, insects and seeds; nests are shallow cups made of strips of bark, rootlets and twigs and lined with grasses and hair located in the forks or on horizontal branches of conifer trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. californicus (S.F. Baird) and purpureus - 071906), 20, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Coccothraustes vespertinus (W. Cooper) (Hesperophona vespertina): Evening Grosbeak (feeds on berries, buds, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are loose cups or saucers made of grasses, twigs and sticks and lined with rootlets located in forks or on the horizontal branches of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Evening Grosbeak is a predator of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14 (subspp. brooksi (Grinnell), montanus (R. Ridgway) and vespertinus - 071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Hesperophona vespertina (see Coccothraustes vespertinus)
Spinus lawrencei (see Carduelis lawrencei)
Spinus pinus (see Carduelis pinus)
Spinus psaltria (see Carduelis psaltria)
Spinus tristis (see Carduelis tristis)
Family Gaviidae: The Loon Family
Gavia immer (M.T. Brunnich): Big Loon, Black-billed Loon, Call-up-a-storm, Colimbo Comun (Hispanic), Common Loon, Ember-goose, Great Northern Diver, Greenhead, Guinea Duck, Imber Diver, Ring-necked Loon, Somorgujo Comun (Hispanic), Walloon (feeds on annelid worms, young birds, crustaceans, fishes, frogs, aquatic insects and mollusks; nests are mounds of vegetation made of forbs and grasses located on the ground near water; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206)*
Family Gruidae: The Crane Family
Grus canadensis (C. Linnaeus): Baldhead, Blue Crane, Brown Crane, Florida Crane, Garoo, Gray Crane, Greater Sandhill Crane, Grulla Cenicienta (Hispanic), Lesser Sandhill Crane, Little Brown Crane, Sandhill Crane, Sandhill Whooper, Upland Crane (feeds on berries, frogs, insects, small mammals, aquatic plants and seeds; nests are mounds of vegetation made of grasses, lichens, mud, aquatic plants, sphagnum and sticks located in or near shallow water in bogs, marshes and wet meadows in the tundra; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subspp. canadensis, rowani (Walkinshaw) and tabida (Peters) - 072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206)*
Family Hirundinidae: The Martin and Swallow Family
Hirundo rustica C. Linnaeus: Barn Swallow, Golondrina (Hispanic), Swallow (feeds on insects; nests are cups made of mud lined with feathers located on cliff ledges and man-made structures; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Iridoprocne bicolor (see Tachycineta bicolor)
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota L.J. Vieillot: Cliff Swallow, Golondrina Risquera (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are gourd-shaped mud jugs lined with feathers and grasses located on cliff faces; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Progne subis (C. Linnaeus): Martin Azul (Hispanic), Purple Martin, Western Purple Martin (feeds on insects; nests made of feathers, grasses, leaves, mud and stalks located in holes in saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Riparia riparia (C. Linnaeus): Bank Swallow, Golondrina Riberena (Hispanic), Sand Martin (feeds on small insects; nests are made of feathers, forbs, grasses, rootlets and straw located in the end of burrows dug into soft, steep soil banks of sand or gravel near ponds and streams; within the range of this species it has been reported from the wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. riparia (C. Linnaeus) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (see Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
Stelgidopteryx serripennis (J.J. Audubon) (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (L.J. Vieillot)): Golondrina Alas Errada (Hispanic), Northern Rough-winged Swallow, Rough-winged Swallow (feeds on insects; nests located in holes in banks, caves and crevices in rock; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Tachycineta bicolor (L.J. Vieillot) (Iridoprocne bicolor (L.J. Vieillot)): Golondrina Invernal (Hispanic), Tree Swallow (feeds on insects; nests are feather-lined cups located in holes in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Tachycineta thalassina (W. Swainson): Golondrina Verde (Hispanic), Violet-green Swallow (feeds on insects; nests are cups made of grasses lined with feathers located in holes in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Icteridae: The Blackbird, Oriole and Allies Family
Agelaius phoeniceus (C. Linnaeus): Red-wing, Red-winged Blackbird, S-Wegi Shashani (Tohono O’odham), Tordo de Alas Rojas (Hispanic) (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are a woven grass cup attached to bushes, grasses, marsh reeds and tules; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Cassidix mexicanus (see Quiscalus mexicanus)
Euphagus cyanocephalus (J.G. Wagler): Brewer’s Blackbird, Tordo Brewer (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects, seeds, small aquatic life; nests are bulky grass-lined cups made up of grasses and twigs, plastered with mud located on the ground or in low shrubs or trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Icterus bullockii (W. Swainson): Bullock’s Oriole, Calandria Nortina (Hispanic), Northern Oriole (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are woven basket hanging from the end of branches; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Icterus cucullatus W. Swainson: Calandria (Hispanic), Calandria Copetona (Hispanic), Hooded Oriole, S-Oam Shashani (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are a long, hanging basket or woven pouch located under palm fronds, shrubs and yuccas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Icterus parisorum C.L. Bonaparte: Calandria Matraquera (Hispanic), Scott’s Oriole (feeds on fruits, insects and nectar; nests are hanging pouches made of grasses and leaves located in dried yucca fronds and small trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Molothrus aeneus (J.G. Wagler) (Tangavius aeneus (J.G.Wagler)): Bronzed Cowbird, Red-eyed Cowbird, Tordo Ojos Rojos (Hispanic) (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; parasitic, eggs are laid in the nests of orioles and other birds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Molothrus ater (P. Boddaert): Brown-headed Cowbird, Common Cowbird, Dwarf Cowbird, Nevada Cowbird, Tordo (Hispanic), Tordo Copete Café (Hispanic) (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; parasitic, eggs are laid in the nests or other birds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Quiscalus mexicanus (J.F. Gmelin) (Cassidix mexicanus (J.F. Gmelin)): Boat-tailed Grackle, Chanate Cola Grande (Hispanic), “Crow”, “Cuervo” (Hispanic), Great-tailed Grackle, “Jackdaw”, Zanate (Hispanic) (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of sticks, grasses, mud and sticks lined with grasses located in trees, bushes and marsh reeds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Sturnella magna (C. Linnaeus): Alondra del Este (Hispanic), Arizona Meadowlark, Eastern Meadowlark, Texas Meadowlark (feeds on small aquatic life, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are dome-shaped saucers made of grasses and herbs located under tufts of grass; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Sturnella neglecta J.J. Audubon: Alondra Llanera (Hispanic), Western Meadowlark (feeds on small aquatic animals, small fruit, insects and seeds; nests are partially domed saucers made of grasses located in grassy tussocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Tangavius aeneus (see Molothrus aeneus)
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (C.L. Bonaparte): Tordo Cabeza Amarilla (Hispanic), Yellow-headed Blackbird (feeds on small aquatic life, insects, small fruit, waste grain and seeds; nests are woven cups made of grasses and sedges located above water on cattails, reeds and tules in marshy areas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Laniidae: The Shrike Family
Lanius ludovicianus C. Linnaeus: “Butcher Bird”, Loggerhead Shrike, Verdugo (Hispanic), White-rumped Shrike (feeds on small birds, large insects, lizards and small mammals; nests are made of feathers, rootlets and twigs located in bushes and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Laridae: The Gull, Skimmer, Skua and Tern Family
Chlidonias niger (C. Linnaeus): Black Tern (feeds on amphibians, decapods, fishes, insects; nests are platforms made of cattail, forbs and grasses located on the ground or floating in marshes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations located within the forest, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Larus argentatus E. Pontoppidan: Herring Gull (feeds on berries, young birds and bird eggs, carrion, clams, fishes, garbage and marine animals; nests are made of dead grasses, kelp and seaweed located in depression on the ground and on cliff ledges on islands; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. smithsonianus (Coues) - 071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Larus californicus (G.N. Lawrence): California Gull (feeds on amphibians, birds and bird eggs, carrion, crustaceans, decapods, fishes, insects and rodents; nests made in depressions on the ground that have been lined with feathers, grasses, dead plant material and sticks located on islands free of mammalian predators; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (071906), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Larus delawarensis G. Ord: Gaviota Pico de Collar (Hispanic), Ring-billed Gull (feeds on annelid worms, carrion, fishes, insects and rodents; nests are made of grass and stalks located on islets; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Larus heermanni J. Cassin: Gaviota Heermann (Hispanic), Heermann’s Gull (feeds on bird eggs, crustaceans, Herring eggs, fishes and mollusks; eggs are laid scrapes located on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (071906), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Larus philadelphia (G. Ord): Bonaparte’s Gull, Gaviota Bonaparte (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, crustaceans, decapods, small fishes and insects; nests are cups made of grasses, mosses, sticks and twigs located on the ground or in trees in muskegs and near lakes and rivers; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Sterna antillarum (Burleigh & Lowery): California Least Tern, Interior Least Tern, Least Tern (feeds on crustaceans, insects and minnows; nests are made in shallow scrapes located on the ground in sandy areas, alkali flats, beaches, sandbars and shorelines; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations located within the forest, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. athalassos (Burleigh & Lowery) - 071906), 84, 106 (subsp. brownii - 071906)*
Sterna forsteri T. Nuttall: Forster’s Tern (feeds on arachnids, crustaceans, insects, fishes, frogs and mollusks; nests are either made in scrapes of dead grasses and lined with finer grasses located on the ground or on floating platforms made of cattails and tules in cattail and tule marshes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Sterna hirundo (C. Linnaeus): Common Tern, Pictar (Scottish), “Sea Swallow” (feeds on fishes, insects and tadpoles and other aquatic life; nests are shallow cups or saucers made of dead grasses located on the ground or in depressions in sand or scrapes located on sandbars, beaches and islands; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. hirundo (C. Linnaeus) - 071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Family Mimidae: The Catbird, Mockingbird and Thrasher Family
Mimus polyglottos (C. Linnaeus): Cenzontle (Hispanic), Cenzontle Norteno (Hispanic), Mockingbird, Northern Mockingbird, Shug (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on arachnids, berries, crustaceans, fruits, gastropods, insects, mollusks, reptiles and seeds; nests are bulky cups made of grasses, hair, leaves, mosses, plant stems, rootlets, sticks, twigs and wool and lined with fine plant material and rootlets located near ground in bushes, chollas, shrubs, thickets, dense trees and vines; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. leucopterus (N.A. Vigors) - 072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206)*
Mimus polyglottos (C. Linnaeus) subsp. leucopterus (N.A. Vigors): Cenzontle (Hispanic), Cenzontle Norteno (Hispanic), Mockingbird, Northern Mockingbird, Shug (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on arachnids, berries, crustaceans, fruits, gastropods, insects, mollusks, reptiles and seeds; nests are bulky cups made of grasses, hair, leaves, mosses, plant stems, rootlets, sticks, twigs and wool and lined with fine plant material and rootlets located near ground in bushes, chollas, shrubs, thickets, dense trees and vines; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072206), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (072206), 108*
Oreoscoptes montanus (J.K. Townsend): Mirlo de las Chias (Hispanic), Sage Thrasher (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests are bulky cups made of strips of bark, grasses and twigs located in bushes or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Toxostoma bendirei (E. Coues): Bendire’s Thrasher, Cuitlacoche Bendire (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests are cups and stick nests lined with down, feathers, grasses, leaves, rootlets and other fine, soft material located in cholla cacti, paloverdes and thorny bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Toxostoma crissale (T.C. Henry) (Toxostoma dorsale (T.C. Henry)): Crissal Thrasher, Cuitlacoche Cristal (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests
are cups made of twigs located in desert shrubs and mesquites; within the range
of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland,
desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84,
93, 106 (0514-2606), 108*
Toxostoma curvirostre (W. Swainson): Palmer’s Thrasher, Cuitlacoche Comun (Hispanic), Cuitlacoche Pico Curvo (Hispanic), Curve-billed Thrasher, Kudwik (Tohono O’odham), Palmer’s Thrasher (feeds on arachnids, berries, crustaceans, diplopods, fruits, gastropods, insects, mollusks and seeds; nests are woven cups made of bark, grasses, hair, rootlets, sticks and twigs located in bushes, cholla cacti and shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. celsum (Moore) - 072006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072006), 108 (recorded as Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri)*
Toxostoma curvirostre subsp. palmeri (see footnote under Toxostoma curvirostre)
Toxostoma dorsale (see Toxostoma crissale)
Toxostoma lecontei (G.N. Lawrence): Le Conte’s Thrasher (feeds on insects; nests are bulky bowls made of course grasses and twigs lined with feathers and fine plant material located in cholla cacti and thorny bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Toxostoma rufum (C. Linnaeus): Brown Thrasher (feeds on amphibians, arachnids, berries, earthworms, insects, lizards, mollusks, nuts, seeds and snails; nests are bulky cups made of bark, grasses, leaves, rootlets, sticks and twigs lined with grasses located on the ground or in bushes, shrubs, thickets, trees and vines; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. longicauda (S.F. Baird) - 071906), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (071906)*
Family Motacillidae: The Pipit and Wagtail Family
Anthus rubescens (M. Tunstall) (Anthus spinoletta (C. Linnaeus)): Alondra Americana (Hispanic), American Pipit, Puff-bellied Pipit, Water Pipit (feeds on crustaceans, grubs, insects, small mollusks, seeds and spiders; nests are grassy cups located on the ground under shelter; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Anthus spinoletta (see Anthus rubescens)
Anthus spragueii (J.J. Audubon): Alondra Sprague (Hispanic), Missouri Skylark, Prairie Skylark, Sprgaue’s Pipit, Titlark (feeds on insects, seeds and spiders; nests are cups made of grass located on the ground in a hollow; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0514-2606)*
Family Odontophoridae: The Quail Family
Callipepla gambelii W. Gambel subsp. gambelii (Lophortyx gambelii W. Gambel): Arizona Quail, Cordoniz de Gambel (Hispanic), Codorniz (Hispanic) Chiquiri (Hispanic), Desert Quail, Gambel’s Quail, Kikaichu (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on insects, plant material and seeds; eggs are laid in a scrape or grass lined nests located on the ground under prickly-pear cacti; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (071906), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906), 108*
Lophortyx gambelii (see Callipepla gambelii var. gambelii)
Family Parulidae: The Wood Warbler Family
Dendroica caerulescens (J.F. Gmelin): Black-throated Blue Warbler, Verdin Garganta Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, fruits, insects, seeds and spiders; nests are cups made of grasses and leaves and lined with hair and spider webbing located in shrubs and young trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. caerulescens (J.F. Gmelin) - 072006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species) 106 (072006)*
Dendroica coronata (C. Linnaeus): Audubon Warbler, “Myrtle” Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Verdin Cola Amarilla (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped and made of shredded bark, feathers and twigs located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Dendroica graciae (S.F. Baird): Grace’s Warbler, Verdin Grace (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are compact cups made of bark shreds, feathers, grasses, hair, plant fibers and bud scales, rootlets, insect webbing and wool and lined with feathers and hair located in conifer trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. graciae (S.F. Baird) - 072006), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072006)*
Dendroica magnolia (A. Wilson): Magnolia Warbler, Verdin Magnolia (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, insects and spiders; nests are shallow cups made of grasses and twigs and lined with grasses and rootlets located in small conifer trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072006), 20, 55, 69, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 93, 106 (072006)*
Dendroica nigrescens (J.K. Townsend): Black-throated Gray Warbler, Verdin Gris Garganta Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are neat, tightly-woven plant fiber cups located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Dendroica occidentalis (J.K. Townsend): Hermit Warbler, Verdin Ermitano (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped shaped and made up of bark, pine needles and rootlets located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Dendroica petechia (C. Linnaeus): Yellow Warbler, Verdin Amarillo (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are felted cups of plant fibers located in the forks of shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Dendroica striata (J.R. Forster): Blackpoll Warbler, Verdin Cabezza Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids and insects; nests are cups made of mosses and twigs lined with feathers located in or under spruce trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Dendroica townsendi (J.K. Townsend): Townsend’s Warbler, Verdin Townsend (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are shallow and cup-shaped located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Dendroica virens (J.F. Gmelin): Black-throated Green Warbler, Verdin Verde Gargantan Negra (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, berries and insects; nests are neat cups made of birch bark, grasses, mosses, plant fibers, spider webbing and twigs and lined with feathers and hair located in conifer trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. virens (J.F. Gmelin) - 072006), 20, 55, 69, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (072006)*
Geothlypis trichas (C. Linnaeus): Common Yellowthroat, “Yellow-throat”, Garganta Amarilla Conun (Hispanic) (feeds on insects, seeds and spiders; nests are woven cups made of bark, forbs, grasses, hair and leaves and lined with grasses and hair located on the ground under bushes in marshes and low in vegetation; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subspp. campicola (Behl & Aldrich), chryseola (V. Rossem) and occidentalis (Brewster) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Icteria virens (C. Linnaeus): Long-tailed Chat, Yellow-breasted Chat (feeds on arachnids, berries, crustaceans, insects and spiders; nests are large open cups made of bark, stems of forbs, grasses, leaves, rootlets and twigs located in briars, bushes, thick shrubs, thickets and small trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. auricollis (F. Deppe) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Mniotilta varia (C. Linnaeus): Black-and-white Warbler, Verdin Negro y Blanco (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cups made of grasses and rootlets and lined with hair located on the ground at the base of rocks, stumps and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (091006)*
Myioborus pictus (W. Swainson) (Setophaga picta (W. Swainson)): Painted Redstart, Painted Whitestart (feeds on insects; nests are large shallow cups made of strips of bark, grasses, leaves and plant fibers lined with fine grasses and hair located in hollows on the steeply sloping ground among tufts of grasses, rocks and roots; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. pictus (W. Swainson) - 091006), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Oporornis tolmiei (J.K. Townsend): MacGillivray’s Warbler, Verdin MacGillivray (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cupped-shaped and made of grasses located in briars, low brush and weeds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Seiurus noveboracensis (J.F. Gmelin): Alaska Waterthrush, Grinnell’s Waterthrush, Northern Waterthrush (feeds on annelid worms, crustaceans, insects, minnows, mollusks and seeds; nests are cups made of strips of bark, leaves, moss and rootlets located on the ground in hollows, among roots on stream banks and beside stumps and trees near water; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Setophaga picta (see Myioborus pictus)
Setophaga ruticilla (C. Linnaeus): American Redstart, Common Redstart, Fire-tail, Redstart Flycatcher, Yellow Tailed Warbler (feeds on berries, insects and spiders; nests are neat cups made of bark shreds, feathers, grasses, hair, leaf stalks, lichens, plant down, rootlets, spider silk and twigs located in low in bushes and upright forks of shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodlands, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (subsp. tricolora (Muller) - 091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Vermivora celata (T. Say): Lutescent Warbler, Lutescent Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler, Verdin Copete Naranja (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are made of grasses, rootlets and other plant fibers located in a low shrub or on the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Vermivora chrysoptera (C. Linnaeus): Golden-winged Warbler, Verdin Alas de Oro (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cups made of leaves and plant fibers located on the ground or in bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (072006), 20, 69, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (072006)*
Vermivora luciae J.G. Cooper: Lucy’s Warbler, Verdin Lucy (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cup-shaped and located in trees, under loose bark or in a hole; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Vermivora peregrina (A. Wilson): Tennessee Warbler, Verdin Tennessee (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, gastropods, insects, mollusks, nectar and spiders; nests are cups made of fibers and grasses lined with hair located on or near the ground in bogs, muskegs and woods; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 93, 106 (091006)*
Vermivora ruficapilla (A. Wilson): Calaveras Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Verdin Nashville (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cup-shaped made up of grasses, leaves, rootlets and soft vegetation located in the ground, near the ground or on the ground under a tussock, usually on a steep slope; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Vermivora virginiae (S.F. Baird): Virginia’s Warbler, Verdin Virginia (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cup-shaped and located on the ground under brush or in grass; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Wilsonia pusilla (A. Wilson): Pileolated Warbler, Wilson’s Warbler, Verdin Wilson (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cups made of bark, grasses, deer and horse hair, leaves, mosses and plant fibers and stems located on the ground or near to the ground in shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Wilson’s Warbler is a predator of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14 (subspp. chryseola (R. Ridgway), pileolata (P.S. von Pallas) and pusilla - 072006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072006)*
Family Passeriidae:
The
Passer domesticus (C. Linnaeus): English Sparrow (United States), Gorrion Casero (Hispanic), Gorrion Ingles (Hispanic), House Sparrow, O’Odopiwa (Tohono O’odham), Phillip Sparrow, Zacatero (Hispanic) (feeds on fruit, garbage, grain, insects and insect larvae and seeds; nests are bulky masses of debris, feathers, forbs, grasses, straw and twigs located in cavities, crannies, ivy, niches, rocks and suspended from trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC Invasive Species, partially responsible for the near extinction of Bluebirds in the United States. The House Sparrow is an agricultural pest feeding on grains. The House Sparrow prefers agricultural and urban areas close to human habitation. *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Family Pelecanidae: The Pelican Family
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos J.F. Gmelin: American White Pelican, Pelicano Blanco (Hispanic), White Pelican (feeds on crayfish, crustaceans, fishes and salamanders; nest can be shallow depressions or mounds made of debris, sand, sticks, stones and flattened vegetation located on the ground or bulrushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within or adjacent to forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Only occasionally observed in Tucson, possibly as storm-driven birds. *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Pelecanus occidentalis (C. Linnaeus) var. californicus (R. Ridgway): Brown Pelican, Pelicano Café (Hispanic) (feeds on fishes; nests may be scrapes on the ground or bulky and constructed of sticks lined with green plant material located on the ground on islands or in low trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within or adjacent to the forest, woodland and desertscrub ecological formation) Only occasionally observed in Tucson, possibly as storm-driven birds. *14 (082106 - subsp. carolinensis (J.F. Gmelin)), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (subspp. - 091006)*
Family Phalacrocoracidae: The Cormorant Family
Phalacrocorax auritus (R.P. Lesson) (subsp. albociliatus (R. Ridgway) is the subspecies that has been reported as occurring in Arizona): Crow-duck, Double-crested Cormorant, Farallon Cormorant, Florida Cormorant, Lawyer, Shag, Taunton Turkey (feeds on amphibians, crustaceans, decapods, fishes and reptiles; platform nests are made of seaweed and sticks located either on the ground on islands, cliff ledges or in bushes and tall trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subspp. albociliatus (R. Ridgway) and auritus - 072206), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84, 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 072206)*
Family Picidae: The Woodpecker and Wryneck Family
Asyndesmus lewis (see Melanerpes lewis)
Centurus uropygialus (see Melanerpes uropygialis)
Colaptes auratus (C. Linnaeus) (Colaptes cafer (J.F. Gmelin)): Carpintero Norteno (Hispanic), Common Flicker, Northern Flicker, Red-shafted Flicker, “Yellow-shafted” Flicker (feeds on berries, fruits and insects; nests are made in hollowed out holes in posts, saguaros, stumps and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Colaptes cafer (see Colaptes auratus)
Colaptes chrysoides (A. Malherbe): Carpintero Collarejo Cesertico (Hispanic), Common Flicker, Gilded Flicker, Kudat (Tohono O’odham), Mearn’s Gilded Flicker (feeds on acorns, fruits, insects, seeds and spiders; nests are made in hollowed out holes in posts, saguaros, stumps and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072006), 55, 69, 84, 93, 106 (072006), 108 (recorded as Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi)*
Colaptes chrysoides subsp. mearnsi (see footnote under Colaptes chrysoides)
Dendrocopus scalaris (see Picoides scalaris)
Melanerpes formicivorus (W. Swainson): Acorn Woodpecker, Ant-eating Woodpecker, California Woodpecker, Carpintero Encinero (Hispanic), Mearns’ Woodpecker (feeds on acorns, ants, bird eggs, fruits, insects and other invertebrates, lizards, flower nectar, nuts, oak catkins, sap and grass and pine seeds; eggs are laid in cavities in dead trees or dead parts of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. formicivorus (W. Swainson) - 091006), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Melanerpes lewis (J.E. Gray) (Asyndesmus lewis): Carpentero Lewis (Hispanic), “Crow Woodpecker”, Lewis’s Woodpecker (feeds on arachnids, berries, fruits, insects and nuts; eggs are laid in a cavity which has been excavated in a snag or tree; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072006), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072006)*
Melanerpes uropygialis (S.F. Baird) (Centurus uropygialus (S.F. Baird)): Carpintero del Desierto (Hispanic), Carpintero Gila (Hispanic), Gila Woodpecker, Hikiwigi (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on berries, fruit, honey and wood boring insects; nests are made in hollowed out holes in saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806), 108*
Picoides scalaris (J.G. Wagler) (Dendrocopus scalaris (J.G. Wagler)): Cactus Woodpecker, Carpintero Listado (Hispanic), Chehegam (Tohono O’odham), Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Pajaro Carpintero (Hispanic) (feeds on wood boring insects and fruit; nests are made in hollowed out holes in agaves, cacti, posts and yuccas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Sphyrapicus nuchalis S.F. Baird (Sphyrapicus varius (C. Linnaeus) subsp. nuchalis): Carpintero Rojo (Hispanic), Red-naped Sapsucker (feeds on wood boring insects and sap; nests are made in hollowed out holes in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Sphyrapicus varius (C. Linnaeus): Carpentero Estomago Amarillo (Hispanic), “Common Sapsucker”, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (feeds on arachnids, berries, fruits, insects and tree sap; eggs are laid in excavated cavities in deciduous trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. varius (C. Linnaeus) - 072006), 20, 55, 69, 84, 93, 106 (072006)*
Sphyrapicus varius subsp. nuchalis (see Sphyrapicus nuchalis)
Family Podicipedidae: The Grebe Family
Aechmophorus clarkii (see footnote under Aechmophorus occidentalis)
Aechmophorus occidentalis (C. Linnaeus): Western Grebe, Zambullidor (Hispanic) (feeds on crabs, fishes, mollusks and salamanders; nests are
semi-floating masses made of aquatic plants and plant debris anchored to reed
and rush stalks on freshwater lakes; within the range of this species it has
been reported from wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub
ecological formation) This species is easily confused with Clark’s Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii). *14 (072106), 55,
69, 73, 84
(may have been a sighting of the
Podiceps caspicus (see Podiceps nigricollis)
Podiceps nigricollis (C.L. Brehm) (Podiceps caspicus (C.L. Hablizl)): Black-necked Grebe, Eared Grebe, Zambullidor Orejudo (Hispanic) (feeds on crustaceans, decapods, insects and insect larvae and fishes; nests are made in a depression lined with algae located on floating platforms of aquatic plants anchored to reeds in lakes, ponds and sloughs; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. californicus (Heerman) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (subsp. - 091006)*
Podilymbus podiceps (C. Linnaeus): Devil-diver, Dive-dapper, Grebe, Hell-diver, Pied-billed Grebe, Water Witch, Zambullidor Pico Pinto (Hispanic) (feeds on amphibians, crayfish, decapods, eels, fishes and aquatic insects; nests are located on floating rafts made of aquatic vegetation and marsh plants anchored to reeds in marshy lakes and ponds; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. podiceps (C. Linnaeus) - 072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Podilymbus podiceps (C. Linnaeus) subsp. podiceps (C. Linnaeus): Dabchick, Devil-diver, Dive-dapper, Grebe, Hell-diver, Pied-billed Grebe, Water Witch, Zambullidor Pico Pinto (Hispanic) (feeds on amphibians, crayfish, decapods, eels, fishes and aquatic insects; nests are located on floating rafts made of aquatic vegetation and marsh plants anchored to reeds in marshy lakes and ponds; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73, sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 072106), 108*
Podoceps dominicus (see Tachybaptus dominicus)
Tachybaptus dominicus (C. Linnaeus) (Podoceps dominicus): Least Grebe, Mexican Grebe (feeds on fishes and insects; nests are semi-floating masses made of reeds anchored to the bottom or to reeds in freshwater lakes and ponds; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (072106), 20, 55, 69, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Family Ptilogonatidae: The Silky Flycatcher Family
Phainopepla nitens (W. Swainson): Capulinero (Hispanic), Capulinero Negro (Hispanic), Phainopepla (feeds on elderberries, grapes, insects and mistletoe; nests are shallow cups on the forks of limbs of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Phainopepla nitens (W. Swainson) subsp. lepida (Van Tyne): Capulinero (Hispanic), Capulinero Negro (Hispanic), Phainopepla (feeds on berries, elderberries, fruits, grapes, insects and mistletoe berries; nests are shallow woven cups located on the forks of limbs of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072006), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 072006), 108*
Family Rallidae: The Coot, Gallinule and Rail Family
Fulica americana J.F. Gmelin: American Coot, Coot, Gallareta Americana (Hispanic), Mud Hen, Rice Hen (feeds on algae, fishes, gastropods, grasses, insects, mollusks, aquatic plants, pond scum and seeds; nests are shallow reed baskets made of forbs, grasses and other marsh vegetation located among tall reeds and sedges and on rafts of reeds in marshes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. americana (J.F. Gmelin) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006), 108*
Gallinula chloropus (C. Linnaeus): Black Gallinule, Common Gallinule, Common Moorhen, Florida Gallinule (feeds on birds, carrion, crustaceans, earthworms, small fishes, fruits, grasses, insects, mollusks, aquatic plants, snails, spiders and tadpoles; nests are saucers and roofed baskets made of reeds, rushes and other dead vegetation located within aquatic plants in marshes or on the ground in grasses; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. cachinnans (O. Bangs) - 091006), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Laterallus jamaicensis (J.F. Gmelin) (subsp. coturniculus is the only subspecies recognized as occurring in Arizona): Black Rail, California Black Rail (feeds on small crustaceans, insects and other small invertebrates and seeds; nests are domed cups made of grasses concealed in vegetation located in freshwater and saltwater marshes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (subsp. coturniculus - 072006), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. -072006)*
Porzana carolina (C. Linnaeus): Carolina Crake (Europe), Carolina Rail, Crake, Sora (Hispanic), Sora Crake, Sora Rail (feeds on arachnids, crustaceans, duckweed, fishes, insects, mollusks, aquatic plants, seeds and snails; nests are well concealed cups made of woven grasses, rushes, sedges and stalks located on water in marshes or on the ground in clumps of grass; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Rallus limicola (L.J. Vieillot): Gallereta (Hispanic), Virginia Rail (feeds on arachnids, berries, crustaceans, earthworms, small fishes, frogs, insects, mollusks, aquatic plants, seeds, slugs, snails and small snakes; platform nests are saucers made of woven cattails, grasses, reeds, rushes and sedges lined with fine materials attached to aquatic plants located in marshes and other fresh bodies of water; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (subsp. limicola (L.J. Vieillot) - 072406), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072406)*
Rallus longirostris P. Boddaert subsp. yumanensis (L.J. Vieillot): California Clapper Rail, Clapper Rail, Light-footed Rail, Yuma Clapper Rail, Yuma Rail (feeds on bird eggs, freshwater clams, crayfish (introduced exotic), fishes, frogs, insects, isopods, aquatic plant seeds, freshwater shrimp and spiders; platform nests are shallow saucers or deep bowls made of grasses, leaves, dry sedges, stems and sticks located on the ground often at the base of grasses or shrubs or in the low forks of shrubs within marshes; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (072206), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.)106 (sp. - 072206)*
Family Recurvirostridae: The Avocet and Stilt Family
Himantopus mexicanus (C. Linnaeus): Black-necked Stilt, Black-winged Stilt, Stilt Sandpiper (feeds on aquatic insects and larvae, amphibians, crustaceans, decapods, small fishes, insects, mollusks, worms; nests are made of debris, pebbles and sticks located in grasses, hollows and hummocks in marshes or mud flats; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Recurvirostra americana (J.F. Gmelin): American Avocet, Avoceta Picocurvo (Hispanic) (feeds on crustaceans, insects and mollusks; nests are lined with down, forbs and grasses located in depressions and shallow hollows on the ground or platforms made of grasses sometimes located on ponds; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Regulidae: The Kinglet Family
Regulus calendula (C. Linnaeus): Reyezuelo Copete Rubio (Hispanic), Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Reyzuelo (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, berries, fruits, insects, tree sap and seeds; nests are spherical and made of lichens and moss located under the tips of branches in conifer trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Predator to the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Regulus satrapa (M.H. Lichtenstein): Golden-crowned Kinglet, Reyezuelo Copete de Oro (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, fruits, insects, tree sap and seeds; nests are high walled and spherical made of bark, hair, lichens, mosses and rootlets lined with feathers and mosses suspended from the tips of branches and twigs in conifer trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Predator to the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm. *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Remizidae: The Verdin Family
Auriparus flaviceps (C.J. Sundevall): Baloncillo (Hispanic), Gisop (Tohono O’odham), Verdin (feeds on berries, insects, insect eggs and larvae and seeds; nests are spheres of thorny twigs lined with grasses and feathers located in bushes, chollas, shrubs, trees and the stems of the Desert Mistletoe; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. ornatus (G.N. Lawrence) - 072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206), 108 (recorded as Auriparus flaviceps acaciarum)*
Auriparus flaviceps subsp. acaciarum (see footnote under Auriparus flaviceps)
Family Scolopacidae: The Curlew, Sandpiper and Allies Family
Actitis macularia (C. Linnaeus): Alzacolita (Hispanic), Spotted Sandpiper (feeds on crustaceans, fishes, insects, mollusks and worms; nests are depressions or scrapes lined with bark, grasses, stones and twigs located in grass or gravel under bushes and near shores; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Calidris bairdii E. Coues (Erolia bairdii E. Coues): Baird’s Sandpiper (members of the Scolopacidae feed on berries, crustacean, insects, mollusks, seeds and worms; nests in depressions and scrapes on dry tundra; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Calidris himantopus (C.L. Bonaparte) (Micropalama himantopus): Stilt Sandpiper (feeds on annelid worm, insects and other invertebrates and mollusks; nests are located in depressions on open ground in grass tussocks near water; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Calidris mauri J.L. Cabanis (Ereunetes mauri J.L. Cabanis): Chicihicuilote (Hispanic), Western Sandpiper (feeds on small crustaceans, insects and insect larvae, mollusks and worms; nests are laid in a depression or scrape located on the ground on tundra; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006)*
Calidris minutilla L.J. Vieillot (Erolia minutilla L.J. Vieillot): Chichicuilote Chico (Hispanic), Least Sandpiper (feeds on arachnids, insects and mollusks; nests are depressions lined with grass and hollows made in moss located bogs and marshes in the tundra; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations in the tundra, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Capella gallinago (see Gallinago gallinago)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus J.F. Gmelin: Willet, Zarapico (Hispanic) (feeds on crustaceans, insects and insect larvae, marine worms, mollusks and plant material; nests are well concealed cups made of grasses located on the ground in depressions among grasses; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. inornatus (Brewster) - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (subspp. - 091006)*
Ereunetes mauri (see Calidris mauri)
Erolia bairdii (see Calidris bairdii)
Erolia minutilla (see Calidris minutilla)
Gallinago gallinago C. Linnaeus (Capella gallinago C. Linnaeus): Common Snipe, English Snipe, Jacksnipe, Snipe, Wilson’s Snipe (feeds on arachnids, crustaceans, earthworms, insects, mollusks and plant material; nests are cups, hollows and scrapes lined with grasses located on the ground in clumps of vegetation in mashes, wet meadows and muskegs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. delicata (G. Ord) - 072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206), 108*
Limnodromus scolopaceus (T. Say): Agachona Picofargo (Hispanic), Long-billed Dowitcher (feeds on annelid worms, crustaceans, insects and mollusks; nests are depressions and scrapes located on the ground in tundra marshes and muskegs; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations in the tundra, forest and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Lobipes lobatus (see Phalaropus lobatus)
Micropalama himantopus (see Calidris himantopus)
Numenius americanus J.M. Bechstein: Agachon Picolargo (Hispanic), Long-billed Curlew (feeds on amphibians, annelid worms, berries, bird eggs and nestlings, crustaceans, decapods, flatworms, insects and mollusks; nests are depressions lined with grass, forbs and dried cattle excrement located on slopes, grassy hollows and open ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Phalaropus fulicaria (see Phalaropus fulicarius)
Phalaropus fulicarius (C. Linnaeus) (Phalaropus fulicaria (C. Linnaeus)): Grey Phalarope (Europe), Red Phalarope (feeds on copopods, fishes, insects, jellyfish, marine invertebrates and plankton; nests are lined with grasses and located in scrapes on the ground in an elevated area in marshy tundra; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Phalaropus lobatus (C. Linnaeus) (Lobipes lobatus (C. Linnaeus)): Chorlillo de Collar (Hispanic), Northern Phalarope, Red-necked Phalarope (feeds on crustaceans, decapods, insects and plankton; nests are saucers made of grasses located in a hollow or scrape on the ground near a marshy area in the tundra; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the tundra, forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Phalaropus tricolor (L.J. Vieillot) (Steganopus tricolor (L.J. Vieillot)): Chorlillo Nadador (Hispanic), Wilson’s Phalarope (feeds on crustaceans, insects and seeds; nests are made of grasses located in depressions on the ground in meadows near water; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Steganopus tricolor (see Phalaropus tricolor)
Totanus flavipes (see Tringa flavipes)
Totanus melanoleucus (see Tringa melanoleuca)
Tringa flavipes (J.F. Gmelin) (Totanus flavipes (J.F. Gmelin)): Lesser Yellowlegs, Tinguis Chico (Hispanic) (feeds on annelid worms, crustaceans, fishes and insects; nests are made of plant material located in slight depressions on open ground and in lightly wooded areas; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Tringa melanoleuca (J.F. Gmelin) (Totanus melanoleucus (J.F. Gmelin)): Greater Yellowlegs, Tinguis Grande (Hispanic) (feeds on annelid worms, crustaceans, fishes and insects; nests are made in depressions in the ground and muskeg hollows; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations in the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Tringa solitaria (A. Wilson): Chicihicuilote Solitario (Hispanic), Solitary Sandpiper (feeds on amphibians, annelid worms, arachnids, crustaceans, insects and insect larvae and small frogs; utilizes abandoned birds nests located in trees in muskegs and near streams; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (subspp. cinnamomea (Brewster) and solitaria - 082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091006) , 108*
Family Sittidae: The Nuthatch Family
Sitta canadensis C. Linnaeus: Red-breasted Nuthatch, Saltapalo Peco-rojo (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, insects and seeds; nests are lined with bark, feathers, grasses, moss and wood chips located in holes in dead conifer trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. important predator of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Strigidae: The Typical Owl Family
Aegolius acadicus (J.F. Gmelin): Northern Saw-whet Owl, Saw-whet Owl (feeds on birds, crustaceans, insects and small mammals; eggs are laid in abandoned woodpecker holes and cavities in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. acadicus (J.M. Gmelin) - 072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 93, 106 (072106)*
Asio otus (C. Linnaeus): Long-eared Owl, Tecolote Orejon (Hispanic) (feeds on rodents and other small mammals; nests are made up of sticks, bark, grasses, hair, feathers and down (often using old nests of crows, hawks, magpies and ravens) located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Athene cunicularia (G.I. Molina) (subsp. hypugaea is the only subspecies occurring in Arizona) (Speotyto cunicularia (G.I. Molina)): Lechuza Llanera (Hispanic), Billy Owl, Burrowing Owl, Ground Owl, Long-legged Owl, North American Burrowing Owl, Prairie Dog Owl, Prairie Owl, Western Burrowing Owl (feeds on small birds, frogs, large insects, lizards, small mammals, scorpions and snakes; nests are grass lined and located at the end of a rodent burrow in open ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84, 93 (sp.), 106 (0527-2806)*
Bubo virginianus (J.F. Gmelin): Buho (Hispanic), “Cat Owl”, Great Horned Owl, Horned Owl, Tecolote Cornudo (Hispanic), Tecolote Cuernudo (Hispanic) (feeds on frogs, small birds, crayfish, decapods, fishes, insects, lizards and small mammals; eggs are laid in the deserted nests of other birds and sometimes lining the nest with feathers located on the ground or in crevices, potholes, trees and on bluffs and cliffs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. occidentalis (Stone) and pallescens (Stone) - 072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Bubo virginianus (J.F. Gmelin) subsp. pallescens (Stone): Buho (Hispanic), “Cat Owl”, Great Horned Owl, Horned Owl, Tecolote Cornudo (Hispanic), Tecolote Cuernudo (Hispanic) (feeds on frogs, small birds, crayfish, decapods, fishes, insects, lizards and small mammals; eggs are laid in the deserted nests of other birds and sometimes lining the nest with feathers located on the ground or in crevices, potholes, trees and on bluffs and cliffs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69, (sp.), 73 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 072106), 108*
Glaucidium brasilianum (J.F. Gmelin) (subsp. cactorum (V. Rossem) is the only subspecies occurring in Arizona): Cactus Ferruginous Pigmy-owl (feeds on amphibians, small birds, earthworms, frogs, insects, reptiles and small rodents; nests are located in cavities and abandoned woodpecker holes in saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84, (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 0527-2806), 108*
Micrathene whitneyi (W. Cooper): Elf Owl, Kuhkwul (Tohono O’odham), Tecolote Enano (Hispanic), Tecolotito (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests in old woodpecker holes in saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806), 108*
Otus kennicottii (D.G. Elliot): Kennicott’s Screech Owl, Tecolote Chillon (Hispanic), Western Screech-owl (feeds on birds, crustaceans, decapods, earthworms, fishes, frogs, insects, lizards, small mammals, scorpions, spiders and toads; nests are located in cavities in cacti, snags and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. aikeni (Brewster) and cinerascens (R. Ridgway) - 072106), 84, 106 (072106)*
Speotyto cunicularia (see Athene cunicularia)
Family Sturnidae: The Myna and Starling Family
Sturnus vulgaris C. Linnaeus: Common Starling, European Starling, Starling (feeds on berries, grubs, insects and worms; nests are made of bark, down, feathers, grass, hair, leaves, lichen, moss, rootlets and sticks; located in abandoned bird nests, cavities, depressions, posts, rocks, shrubs, trees, underground burrows and woodpecker holes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXOTIC, starlings can cause substantial loss to feeding operations for cattle, and compete with native birds for nesting sites and food. *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Sylviidae: The
Gnatcatcher and
Polioptila caerulea (C. Linnaeus): Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Pisita Gris (Hispanic), Western Gnatcatcher (feeds on insects; nests are small cups made up of lichens, plant down and spider webs located on limbs of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Polioptila melanura (G.N. Lawrence): Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, Perlita del Desierto (Hispanic), Pisita Cola Negra (Hispanic), Plumbeous Gnatcatcher, Schuk Mookam Gisop (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are felted cups in forks of low shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. melanura (G.N. Lawrence) - 072106), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106), 108 (recorded as Polioptila melanura lucida) *
Polioptila melanura subsp. lucida (see footnote under Polioptila melanura)
Family Thraupidae: The Tanager Family
Piranga ludoviciana (A. Wilson): Louisiana Tanager, Piranga Cabeza Roja (Hispanic), Western Tanager (feeds on berries, insects and small fruits; nests are shallow saucers of shredded bark, grasses, rootlets and weed stalks located on the branches of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Piranga olivacea (J.F. Gmelin): Piranga Esarlota (Hispanic), Scarlet Tanager (feeds on berries and insects; nests are cups made of rootlet, stems, sticks and twigs and lined with grasses located on the horizontal branches of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (072106)*
Piranga rubra (C. Linnaeus): Cooper’s Tanager, Piranga Avispera (Hispanic), Summer Tanager (feeds on berries, insects and small fruits; nests are shallow cups made of shredded bark and grasses located on tree branches; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Threskiornithidae: The Ibis and Spoonbill Family
Ajaia ajaja (see Platalea ajaja)
Platalea ajaja (C. Linnaeus) (Ajaia ajaja (C. Linnaeus)): Roseate Spoonbill (feeds on fishes, frogs and shrimps; nests are made of sticks located in bushes and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the desertscrub ecological formation) *14 (072106), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Plegadis chihi (L.J. Vieillot): Atotola Carra Blanco (Hispanic), Glossy Ibis, White-faced Glossy Ibis, White-faced Ibis (feeds on annelid worms, arachnids, crayfishes, decapods, fishes, frogs, gastropods, insects, mammals and mollusks; nests are large cupped platforms made of forbs, grasses, reeds and sticks located in marshes, standing reeds, shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) Human disturbance can cause roosting areas to be abandoned. *8, 14 (091106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091106)*
Family Trochilidae: The Hummingbird Family
Archilochus alexandri (J. Bourcier and M.E. Mulsant): Black-chinned Hummingbird, Chuparosa (Hispanic), Colibri Barba Negra (Hispanic), Wipismal (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are tiny cups of lichens and plant wool woven together with spider webs located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *10, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Calypte anna (R.P. Lesson): Anna’s Hummingbird, Chuparosa Anna (Hispanic), Colibri Cabeza Roja (Hispanic), Wipismal (Tohono O’odham) (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are tiny woven cups made of lichens and small twigs located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *10, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Calypte costae (J. Bourcier): Chuparosa Costa (Hispanic), Costa’s Hummingbird (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are tiny leaf-thatched and lichen woven cups located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *10, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Cynanthus latirostris W. Swainson: Broad-billed Hummingbird, Chuparosa Pico Ancho (Hispanic) (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are loosely woven rough cups located on vertical branches; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *10, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Selasphorus platycercus (W. Swainson): Broad-tailed Hummingbird, Chuparosa Cola Ancha (Hispanic) (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are tiny cups made up of lichen and plant down located in bushes and small trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *10, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Selasphorus rufus (J.F. Gmelin): Rufous Hummingbird, Wipismal (Tohono O’odham), Zumbador Rufo (Hispanic) (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are lichen-covered cups located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *10, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Selasphorus sasin (R.P. Lesson): Allen’s Hummingbird (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are tightly woven lichen cups located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *10, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106*
Stellula calliope (J. Gould): Calliope Hummingbird, Chuparosa Calliope (Hispanic) (feeds on small insects and nectar; nests are lichen and moss cups located in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *10, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Troglodytidae: The Wren Family
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus N.F. de Lafresnaye: Cactus Wren, Hokkad (Tohono O’odham), Matraca del Desierto (Hispanic), Saltapared del Disierto (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects and spiders; nests are spheroid masses made of grasses and straw and lined with feathers and hair located in cacti, yuccas and thorny bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. couesi (Sharpe) - 072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus N.F. de Lafresnaye subsp. couesi (Sharpe): Cactus Wren, Hokkad (Tohono O’odham), Matraca del Desierto (Hispanic), Saltapared del Disierto (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects and spiders; nests are spheroid masses made of grasses and straw and lined with feathers and hair located in cacti, yuccas and thorny bushes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 072106), 108*
Catherpes mexicanus (W. Swainson): Canyon Wren, Saltapared Risquero (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are shallow cups made of feathers, grasses, leaves, moss, plant down, spider webbing and twigs and lined with fur or hair located on buildings, caves, cliffs, crevices and on bare rocks and talus; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. conspersus (R. Ridgway) - 072106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072106)*
Catherpes mexicanus (W. Swainson) subsp. conspersus (Ridgway): Canyon Wren, Saltapared Risquero (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are shallow cups made of feathers, grasses, leaves, moss, plant down, spider webbing and twigs and lined with fur or hair located on buildings, caves, cliffs, crevices and on bare rocks and talus; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072106), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 072106), 108*
Cistothorus palustris (A. Wilson) (Telmatodytes palustris (A. Wilson)): Long-billed Marsh-wren, Marsh Wren, Saltapared del la Cienega (Hispanic), Western Marsh Wren (feeds on arachnids, gastropods, insects and mollusks; nests are round balls or domed made of grasses located above water in cattails, reeds, rushes and stalks talus; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Salpinctes obsoletus (T. Say): Rock Wren, Saltapared Rocosa (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are cups made of bark, grasses, moss, rootlets and weeds lined with feathers, hairs and wool located in rock crannies; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806), 106 (090606), 108*
Telmatodytes palustris (see Cistothorus palustris)
Thryomanes bewickii (J.J. Audubon): Baird’s Wren, Bewick’s Wren, Saltapared Tapetatero (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are made of twigs and located in crannies, crevices and holes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Troglodytes aedon (L.J. Vieillot): House Wren, Parkman’s Wren, Saltapared Cucacrachero (Hispanic) (feeds on insects and spiders; nests are made of twigs and located in holes in trees and in other birds nests; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Turdidiae: The Bluebird, Solitaire and Thrush Family
Catharus guttatus (P.S. von Pallas) (Hylocichla guttata (P.S. von Pallas)): Cuictlacoche Ermitano (Hispanic), Hermit Thrush (feeds on berries, wild fruit, grubs, insects, seeds, snails, spiders and worms; nests are cups made of leaves, moss, rootlets and twigs located on or near to the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Catharus ustulatus (T. Nuttall) (Hylocichla ustulata (T. Nuttall)): Alma’s Thrush, Cuitlacoche Swainson (Hispanic), Olive-backed Thrush, Russet-backed Thrush, Swainson’s Thrush, Swamp Robin (feeds on berries, fruits, grubs and other insects, seeds, spiders and worms; nest are cups made of ferns, grasses, leaves, moss, rootlets, sedges and twigs and lined with lichens and dead leaves located in coniferous or deciduous shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations. predator to the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth and Western Spruce Budworm) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Hylocichla guttata (see Catharus guttatus)
Hylocichla ustulata (see Catharus ustulatus)
Ixoreus naevius (J.F. Gmelin) (Zoothera naevia (J.F. Gmelin)): Cuitlachoche Variado (Hispanic), Varied Thrush (feeds on berries, crustaceans, earthworms, gastropods, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of twigs and lined with mosses located in bushes and small trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. meruloides (W. Swainson) - 072206), 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206)*
Myadestes townsendi (J.J. Audubon): Jilguero (Hispanic), Townsend’s Solitaire (feeds on berries, insects and seeds; nests are cups made of bark, grasses, leaves, pine needles and sticks and lined with rootlets located on the ground in holes, on banks, cliffs, stumps, among roots and on talus slopes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Sialia currucoides (J.M. Bechstein): Mountain Bluebird, Ventura de Montana (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, fruits, grubs, insects, seeds, snails, spiders and worms; nests are made of grasses and lined with bark chips or feathers located in holes in tree stubs, trees or in cliffs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Sialia mexicana W. Swainson: Chestunt-backed Bluebird, Mexican Bluebird, Ventura Azul (Hispanic), Western Bluebird (feeds on berries, fruits, grubs, insects, seeds, snails, spiders, and worms; nests are made of grass in holes in tress stubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Turdus migratorius C. Linnaeus: American Robin, Primavera (Hispanic), Robin (feeds on berries, fruits, grubs, insects, seeds, snails, spiders and worms; nests are bowls lined with grasses, roots, small twigs and walled with mud located in the forks or on branches of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Zoothera naevia (see Ixoreus naevius)
Family Tyrannidae: The Tyrant Flycatcher Family
Contopus cooperi (W. Swainson) (Nuttallornis borealis (W. Swainson)): Mosquerito Olfvo (Hispanic), Olive-sided Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; nests are shallow saucers made of roots, stalks and twigs located in forks of the horizontal branches of conifers; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Contopus sordidulus (P.L. Sclater): Western Wood Pewee (feeds on flying insects; nests are tightly built grass or lichen-covered cups located on the horizontal branches of a trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Empidonax hammondii (J. Xantus de Vesey): Hammond’s Flycatcher, Mosquerito de Hammond (Hispanic) (feeds on flying insects; nests are neat cups made up of woven plant fibers saddled on conifer branches; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Empidonax occidentalis (Nelson): Cordillaran Flycatcher, Western Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; nests are cups made of rootlets and twigs lined with bark and moss located on ledges or in cavities, cut banks and tree trunks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (091106), 84, 106 (gen. with sp. listing - 091106)*
Empidonax traillii (J.J. Audubon): Alder Flycatcher, Little Flycatcher, Traill’s Flycatcher, Willow Flycatcher (feeds on berries and insects; nests are bulky, loose cups made of bark, feathers, forbs, grasses, hair, lichens and mosses and lined with fine fibers located low in shrubs in forked braches; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Empidonax wrightii (S.F. Baird): Gray Flycatcher, Mosquerito Gris (Hispanic) (feeds on flying insects; nests are woven grass cups located in junipers, pinyon pine, sagebrush and small trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Muscivora forficata (see Tyrannus forficatus)
Myiarchus cinerascens (G.N. Lawrence): Ash-throated Flycatcher, Copeton Cinezo (Hispanic), Papamoscas Cenizo (Hispanic) (feeds on flying insects; nests are made of materials including snake skins located in knotholes and woodpecker holes in posts, trees and yuccas; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Myiarchus tyrannulus (S. Müller): Arizona Crested Flycatcher, Brown-crested Flycatcher, Mexican Crested Flycatcher, Mexican Flycatcher, Mosquerito Café (Hispanic), Papamoscas Tirano (Hispanic), Weid’s Crested Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; feather and hair lined nests are located in holes in posts, saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 106 (0527-2806)*
Nuttallornis borealis (see Contopus cooperi)
Pyrocephalus rubinus (P. Boddaert): Cardenalito (Hispanic), Vermilion Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; nests are flat saucers made of feathers, fibers, spider webbing and twigs lined with animal or plant hair and lichen located on the horizontal crotches and forks of branches of conifers; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. flammeus (Van Rossem) and mexicanus (P.L. Sclater) - 072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206)*
Pyrocephalus rubinus (P. Boddaert) subsp. flammeus (Van Rossum): Cardenalito (Hispanic), Vermilion Flycatcher (feeds on flying insects; nests are flat saucers made of feathers, fibers, spider webbing and twigs lined with animal or plant hair and lichen located on the horizontal crotches and forks of branches of conifers; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072206), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.) 106 (sp. - 072206), 108*
Sayornis nigricans (W. Swainson): Black Phoebe, Gihsupi (Tohono O’odham), Papamoscas Negro (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, insects and fishes; nests are thick cups made of bark, feathers, plant fibers, forbs, grasses, hair, moss, mud and rootlets lined with soft material including feathers and hair located in caves, on ledges, in the exposed roots of trees close to water and plastered to cliff faces; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subsp. semiatra (N.A. Vigors) - 082106), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091106), 108*
Sayornis phoebe (J. Latham): Eastern Phoebe, Papamoscas (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, berries, fishes, fruits, hairworms, insects and myriapods; nests are open cups made of feathers, fibers, forbs, grasses, lichens, mosses and mud lined with hairs and mosses plastered to caves, cliffs, rocky ledges, in roots of fallen trees and walls; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the forest, woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (091106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 106 (091106)*
Sayornis saya (C.L. Bonaparte): Papamoscas Boyero (Hispanic), Say’s Phoebe (feeds on flying insects and berries; nests are cups or brackets of grasses, moss, mud and wool located on ledges or rock walls; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Tyrannus crassirostris W. Swainson: Thick-billed Kingbird (feeds on insects; nests are frail cups made of grasses, twigs and plant stems located in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072206), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (gen. - 072206)*
Tyrannus forficatus (J.F. Gmelin) (Muscivora forficata (J.F. Gmelin)): Mosquerito Cola de Fijeras (Hispanic), Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (feeds on berries, small fruits, insects (including large amounts of agricultural pest species such as corn worms, cotton boll weevils, cotton boll worms, crickets, grasshoppers, stink bugs, spotted cucumber beetles and squash bugs among others), seeds and spiders; nests are cups or shallow saucers made with feathers, grasses, hair, mosses, plant fibers and stems, rootlets, thistle down, twigs and wool and lined with soft fibrous material located on horizontal branches and forks in thorny bushes, shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (072206), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (072206)*
Tyrannus melancholicus (L.J. Vieillot): Couch’s Kingbird, Lichtenstein’s Kingbird, Olive-backed Kingbird, Tropical Kingbird, West Mexican Kingbird (feeds on berries and insects; nests are flimsy cups or saucers made of forbs, grasses, rootlets and twigs lined with plant fibers located on horizontal branches; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (082106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (071906)*
Tyrannus verticalis T. Say: Arkansas Kingbird, Madrugador Avispero (Hispanic), Western Kingbird (feeds on flying insects; nests are bulky, neatly-lined saucers made up of grasses, twigs and wool lined with matted hair located in bushes and on horizontal branches of trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Tyrannus vociferans W. Swainson: Cassin’s Kingbird, Madrugador Chilero (Hispanic) (feeds on flying insects; nests are bulky cups lined with grasses, hair, twigs and wool located on a tree limbs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93*
Family Tytonidae: The Barn Owl Family
Tyto alba (J.A. Scopoli): Barn Owl; Common Barn Owl, Lechuza (Hispanic) (feeds on frogs, insects and small mammals; nests are on litter of disgorged fur pellets or bare surface located in hollow trees or other cavities; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Family Vireonidae: The Vireo Family
Vireo bellii (J.J. Audubon) (subsp. arizonae R. Ridgway is the only subspecies occurring in Arizona): Arizona Bell’s Vireo, Arizona Vireo, Bell’s Vireo, Vireo Aceitunado (Hispanic) (feeds on insects, mollusks, snails and spiders; nests are pensile well camouflaged cups made of downy plant fibers, insect silk, grasses, spider webbing, sticks and wool suspended from branches of dense bushes, shrubs and low trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14 (subspp. arizonae R. Ridgway and medius - 082106), 20 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 69 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 84 (sp.), 93 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 091106)*
Vireo gilvus (L.J. Vieillot): Vireo Gorgojaedor (Hispanic), Warbling Vireo (feeds on insects; nests are tiny basket-like cups hanging from forked branches in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (0527-2806)*
Vireo huttoni J. Cassin: Hutton’s Vireo, Stephen’s Vireo, Vireo Hutton (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are downy or mossy suspended cups lined with feathers and moss hanging from branches of shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. stephenii (Brewster) - 091106), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (gen. with sp. listing - 091106)*
Vireo olivaceus (C. Linnaeus): Red-eyed Vireo, Vireo Ojos Rojos (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, fruits, insects and insect larvae, mollusks, plant material including buds, flowers, fruits and seeds, snails and spiders; nests are woven basket-like cups made of cocoons silk, lichens, paper from wasp nests, plant fibers and spider webbing suspended from forks in bushes and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. olivaceous (C. Linnaeus) - 091106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84 (sighting considered to be far from the normal range of this species), 93, 106 (091106)*
Vireo solitarius (A. Wilson): Blue-headed Greenlet, Blue-headed Vireo, Mountain Vireo, Solitary Vireo, Vireo Solitario (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, gastropods, insects and insect larvae, mollusks and spiders; nests are bulky cups or neat baskets made from long fibers and grasses lined with soft material camouflaged with bark chips, catkins, leaves, lichens, plant down and spider webbing located hanging from forked branches in bushes, shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) The Solitary Vireo is a predator of the Western Spruce Budworms and Douglas-fir Tussock Moth. *14 (091106), 20, 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091106)*
Vireo vicinior E. Coues: Gray Vireo, Vireo Gris (Hispanic) (feeds on insects; nests are cups made of strips of bark, cocoons, grasses, plant fibers and spider webbing located hanging from forked branches in bushes and shrubs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (091106), 55, 69, 73, 84, 93, 106 (091106)*
CLASS
MAMMALIA: The MAMMALS
A Checklist of the Mammals, Amphibians and
Reptiles of Organ Pipe Cactus
National Monument is available at the Visitor
Center for $0.50 (November 2005)
Family Antilocapridae: The Pronghorn Family
Antilocapra
Family Bovidae: The Cow, Sheep and Allies Family
Ovis canadensis G. Shaw subsp. mexicana C.H. Merriam: Berrego Cimarron (Hispanic), Berrego Cimarron del Desierto (Hispanic), Bighorn, Bighorn Sheep, Desert Bighorn, Desert Bighorn Sheep, Mountain Sheep, Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (the species feeds on agave, brittle bush, bursage, bush muhly, cacti, catclaw, cholla, coffeeberry, desert fluffgrass, desert ironwood, desert thorn, fairy duster, filaree, galleta, grama, jojoba, mesquite, mallow, Nevada joint fir, plantain, prickly-pear, ratany, ricegrass, saguaro, saltbush, threeawn and turpentine broom; young are dropped in small scraped out depressions located in protected places on inaccessible peaks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55 (sp.), 65 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 83, 85 (sp. - no records 052906), 100 (sp.), 106 (072306), 108*
Family Canidae: The Dog and Allies Family
Canis latrans T. Say: Coyote (feeds on amphibians, berries, birds, carrion, fruits, gophers, insects, mice, rabbits, reptiles and squirrels; the young are born in dens that may be dug in the ground or located in caves; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906), 108*
Urocyon cinereoargenteus (J.C. von Schreber): Common Gray Fox, Gray Fox, Zorra Gris (Hispanic) (feeds on birds, desert cottontails, grasshoppers, ground squirrels, hackberry fruits, insects, juniper berries, kangaroo rats, lizards, manzanita berries, prickly-pear seed, snakes, white-footed mice and wood rats; whelping usually takes place in burrows dug into the ground or in dens in rocks and cliffs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906), 108*
Vulpes macrotis C.H. Merriam (Vulpes velox (T. Say): Swift Fox, is generally considered a separate species by most authors) : Kit Fox, Zorra del Desierto (Hispanic) (feeds on berries, birds, cottontail rabbits, crickets, grasses, grasshoppers, ground squirrels, jack rabbits, lizards, mice and rats; the young are born in dens in underground burrows that have been excavated in soft soils; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (no records 052906), (100), 106 (052906), 108*
Vulpes velox (see note in Vulpes macrotis)
Family Cervidae: The Deer and Allies Family
Odocoileus hemionus (C.S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz): Black-tailed Deer, Burro, Desert Mule Deer, Mule Deer, Venado Pardo (Hispanic) (feeds on acorns, beans, branches, fruits, leaves or needles, nuts, seeds and/or twigs of aspen, barberry, bitterbrush, blackberry, buckbrush, buckwheat, calliandra, ceanothus, catclaw, cedar, cliffrose, dogwood, Douglas fir, huckleberry, joint fir, jojoba, juniper, mountain mahogany, mountainlover, oak, pinyon, ponderosa pine, poplar, sagebrush, saltbush, serviceberry, thimbleberry, white fir, wild cherry, willow and yew, and grasses lupines, mistletoe, moss, mushrooms, salal, sedges and spurge; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906), 108*
Odocoileus virginianus E.A. von Zimmermann subsp. couesi (E. Coues & Yarrow): Arizona Whitetail, Coues’ Deer, Coues’ White-tailed Deer, Desert Whitetail, Fantail, Sonora White-tailed Deer, Sonoran Fantail, Venado Cola Blanca (Hispanic), Virginia Deer, Whitetail, White-tailed Deer (the species feeds on fungi, grass and acorns, branches, buds, cones, fruits, leaves, mast, needles and /or twigs of alder, barberry, buckbrush, calliandra, catclaw acacia, Emory and scrub oaks and other evergreen oaks, hackberry, hemlock, holly-leaf buckthorn, juniper, mesquite, mountainlover, Oregon-grape, pinyon, ratany, sagebrush, skunkbush, spiderwort, spruce, willow, yellow-leaf silktassel; young are generally dropped along ridges and hillsides; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73 (sp.), 83, 85 (sp. 052906), 100, 106 (sp. - 052906), 108*
Family Erethizontidae: The Porcupine Family
Erethizon dorsatum C. Linnaeus: American Porcupine, Canadian Porcupine, Common Porcupine, North American Porcupine, Porcupine, Puerco Espin (Hispanic) (feeds on acorns, apple trees, ash leaves, aspen trees, the bark of cedar, fir, fungi, hemlock, mesquite and pine trees and ocotillo, basswood, young beech trees and beachnuts, buckbrush (Ceanothus sp.), buds, clover, dwarf mistletoe, fungi, grass (juveniles), herbs (juveniles), leaves, lupine, oak leaves, pine needles, fruits of pricklypear cacti, skunk cabbage, sugar maples and twigs; young are born in dens which are usually located in rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83 (suspected to occur, but there are no definate records), 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906)*
Family Felidae: The Cat Family
Felis concolor (C. Linnaeus) (Puma concolor (C. Linnaeus)): American Lion, Brown Tiger, California Lion, Catamount, Catamount Cat (a mountain Red Tiger), Cougar, Deer Tiger, El Leon (Hispanic), Florida Panther, Ghost Cat, Indian Devil, King Cat, Leon de Montana (Hispanic), Mexican Lion, Mountain Lion, Mountain Screamer, Painter American Lion, Painted Cat, Painter, Panther; Puma, Silver Lion, Sneak Cat, Sucuarana (Brazil), Yuma Mountain Lion (feeds on beaver, desert bighorn sheep, birds, black bear, cottontail rabbits, jackrabbits, javelina, mule deer, porcupines, pronghorn antelope, skunks, small mammals and white-tailed deer; cubs are born in dens located in protected areas such as caves, crevices, rock shelters and thickets; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906)*
Felis onca (see Panthera onca)
Felis rufus (see Lynx rufus)
Felis yaguarondi (see Herpailurus yaguarondi)
Herpailurus yaguarondi B.G. Lacepede (Felis yaguarondi Fischer, Puma yaguarondi): Jaguarundi, Jaguarundi Cat (feeds on birds, fishes, fruits, small to medium-size mammals and reptiles; dens are located in brush, thickets and under downed trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8 (subsp. tolteca), 14 (subsp. tolteca - 072306), 55 (sp.), 83 (suspected to occur, but there are no definate recots), 85 (no records -072306), 100, 106 (includes a listing of subspp. - 072306)*
Lynx rufus (J.C. von Schreber) (Felis rufus (J.C. von Schreber)): Bobcat, Gato Montes (Hispanic), Wildcat (feeds on bighorn sheep, ground nesting birds, carrion, cottontail rabbits, deer, jack rabbits, lizards, porcupines, rodents, small mammals and snakes; young are born in dens located in rocky caves, hollow logs and recesses; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *55, 65, 73, 83, 85, 106 (052906), 108*
Panthera onca (C. Linnaeus) (Felis onca (C. Linnaeus)): Black Panther, Blank Panther, Jaguar, Jagurete (Spanish), Yaguar (feeds on birds, caiman, deer, fish, frogs, javelina, mice, tapirs and other vertebrates; young are born in dens located in caves, rocky areas and thickets; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) EXTIRPATED from Arizona. *8, 55, 65, 83 (suspected to occur, but there are no definate records), 85 (no records 052906), 100, 106 (052906)*
Puma concolor (see Felis concolor)
Puma yaguarondi (see Herpailurus yaguarondi)
Family Geomyidae: The Pocket Gopher Family
Thomomys bottae (J.F. Eydoux & P. Gervais): Botta’s Pocket Gopher, Southwestern Pocket Gopher, Tuza de Botta (Hispanic), Valley Pocket Gopher (feeds on bulbs, grasses, herbaceous plants, roots and tubers; young are born in nests in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906)*
Family Heteromyidae: The Kangaroo Rat and Pocket Mouse Family
Chaetodipus baileyi C.H. Merriam subsp. baileyi (Perognathus baileyi C.H. Merriam): Bailey’s Pocket Mouse, Raton de Bailey (Hispanic) (the species feeds on vegetation, and fruits and seeds of cacti, grasses and other herbs; nests are located underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100*
Chaetodipus intermedius C.H. Merriam (Perognathus intermedius C.H. Merriam): Raton de Rocas de Bosla (Hispanic), Rock Pocket Mouse (feeds on seeds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100*
Chaetodipus penicillatus S.W. Woodhouse (Perognathus penicillatus S.W. Woodhouse): Desert Pocket Mouse, Raton de Desierto (Hispanic), Sonoran Desert Pocket Mouse (feeds on seeds of creosote bush, grass, greythorn, herbs and mesquite; the nest is made in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100*
Dipodomys deserti Stephens: Desert Kangaroo Rat (feeds on green plant material and seeds; nests are made of grasses and plant material located in chambers in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *14, 55, 83, 85 (052906), 100*
Dipodomys merriami Mearns: Merriam’s Kangaroo Rat (feeds on vegetation and seeds of creosote bush, grama grass, mesquite, ocotillo and purselane; nests are made in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 108*
Dipodomys spectabilis C.H. Merriam: Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat, Kangaroo Rat, Rata de Nopalera (Hispanic) (feeds on grasses, green and succulent plants, insects rodents and seeds; nests are made up of chaff, stems and leaves of grass located in underground burrows in firm soils; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 83, 85 (052906), 100*
Perognathus amplus Osgood: Arizona Pocket Mouse (feeds on green plants, insects and seeds; nests are located in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100*
Perognathus baileyi (see Chaetodipus baileyi)
Perognathus intermedius (see Chaetodipus intermedius)
Perognathus longimembris (E. Coues): Little Pocket Mouse (feeds on greens and seeds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100*
Perognathus penicillatus (see Chaetodipus penicillatus)
Family Leporidae: The Hare and Rabbit Family
Lepus alleni (Mearns): Antelope Jack Rabbit (feeds
on cacti, Catclaw Acacia, grasses, herbs and the bark, buds and leaves of
mesquite; young are born in a nest that is usually located above ground; within
the range of this species it
has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland
ecological formations)
*14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906)*
Lepus californicus (J.E. Gray): Black-tailed Jack Rabbit, “Jackass Rabbit” (feeds on grass, mesquite leaves and prickly-pear cacti; young are born in nests located either above or below ground in forms that have been lined with breast hair, after birth the young are moved to separate nests and cared for individually by the female; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906), 108*
Sylvilagus audubonii (S.F. Baird): Desert Cottontail (feeds on green plants, cacti, bark and twigs; young are born into nests lined with forbs, grasses and the females fur which are located on the ground and in brush piles, piles of rocks and burrows abandoned by other animals; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (052906), 100, 106 (052906)*
Family Mephitidae: The Skunk Family
Conepatus leuconotus M.H. Lichtenstein (Conepatus mesoleucus): Common Hog-nosed Skunk, Hog-nosed Skunk, Hognose Skunk, Rooter Skunk, Zorrillo Nariz de Puerco (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, birds, insects, small mammals, mollusks, plant material, reptiles and worms; these skunks take refuge in caves, crevices in rocks and in the ground; rocky areas are used for denning with the young born beneath rocks, grasses are used for nesting; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. mearnsi (C.H. Merriam) and venaticus (Goldman) has been confirmed as occurring in Arizona - 072306), 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (072306), 100, 106 (gen. - 072306), 108*
Conepatus mesoleucus (see Conepatus leuconotus)
Mephitis macroura M.H. Lichtenstein: Hooded Skunk, Zorrillo (Hispanic) (feeds on small birds, insects and other invertebrates, rodents and plant material; young are born in a dens located in burrows or among rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053006), 108*
Mephitis mephitis (J.C. von Schreber): Striped Skunk, Zorrillo Rayado (Hispanic) (feeds on amphibians, berries, eggs of ground nesting birds, carrion, crayfish, earthworms, fishes, fruits, insects, mollusks, plant material, reptiles, rodents, snails and spiders; young are born in nests made of grasses and leaves located in dirt banks, underground burrows abandoned by other animals, logs, pits and rock outcrops; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053006), 108*
Spilogale gracilis (C.H. Merriam) (Spilogale putorius (C. Linnaeus)): Eastern Spotted Skunk, Spotted Skunk, Western Spotted Skunk, Zorillo Pinto (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids, berries, birds and bird eggs, carrion, fruits, insects, small mammals, scorpions and seeds; dens are made in rock crevices and hollow logs; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053006), 108*
Spilogale putorius (see Spilogale gracilis)
Family Molossidae: The Free-tailed Bat Family
Eumops perotis (H. Schinz) (subsp. californicus is the only subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Bonnet Bat, Greater Western Bonneted Bat, Greater Western Mastiff Bat, Greater Western Mastiff Bat, Mastiff Bat, Murcielago Mastiff (Hispanic), Western Mastiff Bat (feeds on crickets, long-horned grasshoppers, moths and other small insects; roosts in crevices and shallow caves in cliffs and rock walls at lower elevations; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55 (sp.), 65 (sp.), 73, 83, 85 (no records 053006), 92 (sp.), 100 (sp.), 106 (fam. - 053006)*
Eumops underwoodi (Goodwin) (subsp. sonoriensis is the only subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Underwood’s Bonneted Bat, Underwood’s Mastiff Bat (feeds on insects; roosts in cliffs, rock crevices and tree cavities; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 83 (sp.), 85 (no records 053006), 92 (sp.), 100 (sp.), 106 (fam. - 053006)*
Nyctinomops femorosaccus (C.H. Merriam) (Nyctinomops femorosacca (C.H. Merriam), Tadarida femorosacca (Miller): Pocketed Free-tailed Bat, Murcielago Cola en Bolsa (Hispanic) (feeds on ants, leafhoppers, moths, wasps and other insects; roosts in rocky crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 83, 100, 106 (fam. - 053006)*
Nyctinomops macrotis (J.E. Gray) (Tadarida macrotis (J.E. Gray)), Tadarida molossa (Pallas)): Big Free-tailed Bat, Murcielago Cola Libre (Hispanic), Murcielago Cola Suelta Mayor (Spanish) (feeds on insects; roosts in rocky cliffs, crevices, fissures, caves and holes in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations ecological formations) *8, 14, 42 (053006), 55, 73, 83 (suspected to occur, but there are no definate records), 85 (no records - 053006), 100, 106 (fam. - 053006)*
Tadarida brasiliensis (I.G. Saint-Hilaire) (subsp mexicana (Saussure) is the only subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona): Brazilian Free-tailed Bat, Guano Bat, Mexican Free-tail Bat, Mexican Free-tailed Bat, Murcielago Braziliano (Hispanic) (the species feeds on ants, beetles, leafhoppers, moths and other small insects; roosts in caverns, caves and rock crevices and fissures in cliffs, and buildings, mines and under bridges; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 65, 73 (sp.), 83 (sp.), 85 (053006), 92 (sp.), 100 (sp.), 106 (053006)*
Tadarida femorosacca (see Nyctinomops femorosacca)
Tadarida macrotis (see Nyctinomops macrotis)
Tadarida molossa (see Nyctinomops macrotis)
Family Muridae: The Mouse and Rat Family
Neotoma albigula Hartley: Packrat, White-throated Packrat, Trade Rat, White-throated Wood Rat (feeds on cacti, forbs, fruits, juniper, leaves, mesquite beans, seeds and yucca; nests are built under mesquite, cholla and prickly-pear cacti, or in rocky crevices using sticks, pieces of cholla and prickly-pear cacti, and rubbish, sometimes with underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053006), 108*
Neotoma devia (see Neotoma lepida subsp. devia)
Neotoma lepida Thomas: Desert Wood Rat (feeds on bark, berries, cactus pulp, fruits, grasses, insects, pinyon nuts, green plant material, seeds and yucca pods; nests are made in underground burrows located in rocky ridges, rock outcrops, crevices in cliffs, thickets of cacti and yucca with the entrance covered with of spiny cactus joints, debris and sticks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 73, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (053006), 108*
Neotoma lepida Thomas subsp. devia (Neotoma devia): Arizona Woodrat, Desert Woodrat (feeds on acorns, bark, beans, berries, cactus pulp, fruits, grasses, insects, pinyon nuts, green plant material, seeds and yucca pods; nests are made of grasses and dried plant stems located either on the ground or in underground burrows in rocky ridges, rock outcrops, crevices in cliffs, thickets of cacti and yucca with the entrance covered with of spiny cactus joints, debris and sticks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072306), 55 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 83, 85 (sp. - 072306), 100, 106 (sp. - 072306)*
Onychomys torridus (E. Coues): Raton Chapulinero del Sur (Hispanic), Scorpion Mouse, Southern Grasshopper Mouse (feeds on arthropods, beetles, grasshoppers, insects, lizards, other species of mice, scorpions, seeds and small vertebrates; nests are located in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053006)*
Peromyscus eremicus (S.F. Baird): Cactus Mouse, Raton de Cactaceas (Hispanic) (feeds on flowers, small fruits, insects, green plant material and seeds; nests are made within the abandoned burrows of other animals, clumps of cacti and among rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053006)*
Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner): Deer Mouse, Raton Venado (Hispanic) (feeds on bark, berries, bones, centipedes, earthworms, small fruits, fungi, insects, leaves, nuts and snails; nests are built in buildings, underground burrows, rock crevices debris, in and under logs, and clumps of vegetation; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65 (gen.), 73, 83 (suspected to occur, but there are no definate records), , 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053006)*
Peromyscus merriami Mearns: Merriam’s Mouse, Mesquite Mouse (probably feeds on invertebrates and seeds; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (072306), 55, 73, 85 (072306), 100, 106 (gen. with listing of sp. - 072306)*
Reithrodontomys megalotis (S.F. Baird):
Western Harvest Mouse (feeds on arachnids, insects and seeds; spherical nests are made of woven plant
material and lined with plant fibers and can be located near the ground or
above the ground in dense vegetation; within the range of this species it has
been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and
wetland ecological formations)
*14, 55, 73, 83,
85 (053006), 100, 106 (053006)*
Sigmodon arizonae Mearns: Arizona Cotton Rat, Cotton Rat (possibly feeding on berries, carcasses, fruits, insects and seeds; nests are made of grass; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (gen. - 053005)*
Family Mustelidae: The Weasel and Allies Family
Taxidea taxus (J.C. von Schreber): American Badger, Badger, Badger Tejon (Hispanic) (feeds on ground dwelling birds and eggs, carrion, insects, rodents and snakes; young are born in dens in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053006), 100, 106 (053006), 108*
Family Phyllostomidae: The Leaf-nosed Bat Family
Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi: Hognose Bat, Hog-nosed Bat, Long-tongued Bat, Mexican Hog-nosed Bat, Mexican Long-tailed Bat, Mexican Long-tongued Bat, Murcielago Lengua Larga Mexicano (Hispanic) (feeds on fruits, insects, nectar and pollen; within the range of this species it has been reported from under bridges, and in shallow caves, rock fissures and mine tunnels in the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 83 (suspected to occur, but there are no definate records - record on file with the HDMS), 85 (no records - 053006), 92, 100, 106 (053006)*
Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae (Martinez & Villa-R.) (Leptonycteris nivalis (Saussure), Leptonycteris sanborni (Saussure)): Big Long-nosed Bat, Lesser Long-nosed Bat, Little Long-nosed Bat, Long-nosed Bat, Longnose Bat, Mexican Long-nosed Bat, Murcielago de Sanborn (Hispanic), Sanborn’s Long-nosed Bat, Sanborn’s Southern Long-nosed Bat, Southern Long-nosed Bat (feeds on nectar and pollen from Agave, Organ Pipe Cactus and Saguaro, the pulp of Organ Pipe Cactus and Saguaro fruit and insects; within the range of this species it has been reported from old buildings, caves, rock crevices and abandoned mine tunnels in the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 35, 55, 73, 83, 85 (no records - 053006), 92, 100 (sp.), 106 (053006), 108*
Leptonycteris nivalis (see Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae)
Leptonycteris sanborni (see Leptonycteris curasoae subsp. yerbabuenae)
Macrotus californicus S.F. Baird: California Leaf-nosed Bat, Leaf-nosed Bat, Leafnose Bat, Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat (feeds on beetles, butterflies, caterpillars, cicadas, crickets, dragonflies, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, moths and other insects; within the range of this species it has been reported from caves and abandoned mine tunnels in the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 83, 85 (no records - 053006), 92, 100, 106 (053006)*
Family Procyonidae: The Raccoon and Allies Family
Bassariscus astutus (M.H. Lichenstein): Band-tailed Cat, Cacomistle, Civet Cat, Coon CatGato Minero (Hispanic), Miner’s Cat, Ringtail, Ring-tailed Cat (feeds on berries, birds, cactus fruits and other plants, carrion, crickets, eggs, grasshoppers, insects, lizards, small mammals, snakes and spiders; nests are made of grass located in dens in underground burrows, caves, cliffs, rocky outcrops, cavities in logs, stumps and trees and man-made structures; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 100, 106 (053106), 108*
Nasua narica (C.H. Merriam): Antoon, Chula, Chulo, Coati (Indian Name), Coatimundi, El Gato Solo (Los Gatos en Familia), Pizote, White-nosed Coati (feeds on berries of juniper and manzanita, birds, eggs, fruit, insects and other invertebrates, prickly pear fruit, lizards, small mammals, tubers and worms; young are born in dens located in caves, rock crevices, mines shafts and cavities among tree roots; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (no records - 053106), 100, 106 (053106)*
Procyon lotor (C. Linnaeus): Common Raccoon, Mexican Raccoon, Northern Raccoon, Raccoon, Racuno (Hispanic) (feeds on annelid worms, berries, birds, nestlings and eggs, carrion, crayfishes, small fishes, frogs, fruits, insects, small mammals, nuts, shellfish, turtles and turtle eggs and vegetables; nests are made of leaves located in dens in small caves, rocky crevices in cliffs and cavities in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 100, 106 (053106)*
Family Sciuridae: The Squirrel and Allies Family
Ammospermophilus harrisii (J.J. Audubon & Bachman) (Citellus harrisii (J.J. Audubon & Bachman)): Harris’ Antelope Squirrel, Yuma Antelope Squirrel (feeds on fruits, insects, plants and seeds; dens are located in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 100, 106 (gen. - 053106)*
Citellus harrisii (see Ammospermophilus harrisii)
Citellus tereticaudus (see Spermophilus tereticaudus)
Citellus variegatus (see Spermophilus variegatus)
Spermophilus tereticaudus S.F. Baird (Citellus tereticaudus S.F. Baird): Round-tailed Ground Squirrel (feeds on buds of burroweed and mesquite, cacti, green vegetation, insects, seeds of creosote bush, mesquite, flowers of ocotillo, paloverde, plantain, and saltbush, observed visiting road kill and taking quail chicks; nests are made of plant fibers and stems and located in dens in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 100, 106 (gen. - 053106), 108*
Spermophilus variegatus (Erxleben) (Citellus variegatus (Erxleben)): Ardilla Coluda (Hispanic), Rock Squirrel (feeds on acorns, berries, small birds, chicks and eggs, carrion, insects, fruits, small mammals, nuts and seeds burrows; nests are made of leaves, pine needles and plant fibers and located in dens in underground burrows between boulders, rock crevices and talus; within the range of this species it has been reported from the tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 100, 106 (gen. - 053106)*
Family Soricidae: The Shrew Fmaily
Notiosorex crawfordi (E. Coues): Crawford’s Desert Shrew, Desert Shrew, Gray Shrew, Musarana del Deseirto Crawford (Hispanic) (feeds on centipedes, insects, lizards, sowbugs and spiders; nests are made of shredded bark and leaves; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 100, 106 (053106)*
Family Tayassuidae: The Javelina Family
Peccari tajacu (C. Linnaeus) (Tayassu tajacu (C. Linnaeus)): Collared Peccary, Jabalina (Hispanic), Javelina, “Musk Hog”, Peccary (feeds on agaves, amphibians, berries, bulbs, fungi, grasses, insects, mesquite beans, nuts, succulent plants, prickly-pear and other cacti, reptiles, rodents, roots, sotol, tubers and worms; they bed down during the day in thick brush and prickly-pear thickets; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 65, 73, 83, 100, 106 (053106), 108*
Tayassu tajacu (see Peccari tajacu)
Family Vespertilionidae: The Plain-nosed Bat Family
Antrozous pallidus (J.L. Le Conte): Murcielago Palid (Hispanic), Pallid Bat (feeds on flightless arthropods on the ground, insects, lizards and nectar; roosts under bridges, buildings, in caves, crevices in cliffs, rocky outcrops, under slabs of rocks, hollow trees and tunnels; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 92, 100, 106 (053106)*
Corynorhinus townsendii (see Plecotus townsendii)
Corynorhinus townsendii subsp. pallescens (see Plecotus townsendii subsp. pallescens)
Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois) subsp. pallidus (Young): Big Brown Bat, Murcielago Cafe’ Grande (Hispanic) (the species feeds on insects; roosts under bridges, in buildings, caves, crevices in cliff faces, mines, holes in saguaros and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 83, 85 (053106), 92 (sp.), 100 (sp.), 106 (sp. - 053106)*
Euderma maculatum (J.A. Allen): Death’s Head Bat, Jackass Bat, Murcielago Pinto (Hispanic), Pinto Bat, Spotted Bat (feeds on insects; roosts in cracks and crevices in caves, cliffs, ledges and rocky situations possibly in close proximity to water; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (072306), 55, 73, 83 (suspected to occur, bu there are no known records), 85 (no records - 072306), 92, 100, 106 (072306)*
Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois): Hoary Bat, Murcielago (Hispanic) (feeds primarily on moths; roosts in dense
foliage in shrubs and trees;
within the range of this species it has been reported from tundra, forest,
woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 83, 85
(053106), 92, 100, 106 (gen. - 053106)*
Myotis californicus (J.J. Audubon & Bachman): California Bat, California Myotis, California Myotis Bat, Murcielago de California (Hispanic) (feeds on arachnids and insects; roosts in crevices and cracks in cliffs and canyon walls, caves, mine shafts and man made shelters; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 85 (053106), 100, 106 (gen. - 053106)*
Myotis velifer (J.A. Allen): Cave Bat, Cave Myotis, Cave Myotis Bat, Mexican Brown Bat, Murcielago de Cueva (Hispanic), Southwestern Cave Myotis (feeds on small moths and other small insects; roosts in crevices, holes and pockets in caves and bridges, buildings, abandoned mine shafts and tunnels trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 92, 100, 106 (gen. - 053106)*
Myotis yumanensis (H. Allen): Murcielago de Yuma (Hispanic), Yuma Myotis, Yuma Myotis Bat (feeds on small insects; roosts in caves, crevices and swallow nests in cliffs and rocky walls, tree cavities, under bridges and in buildings in close proximity to water; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (subsp. yumanensis - 072306), 55, 73, 83 (suspected to occur, but there are no known records), 85 (072306), 100, 106 (gen. with listing of sp. - 072306)*
Pipistrellus hesperus (H. Allen): Canyon Bat, Flittermouse, Murcielago del Poniente (Hispanic), Western Pipistrelle, Western Pipistrelle Bat (feeds on insects; roosts in buildings, crevices in canyon walls, caves, cliffs, rocky outcrops, under rocks and mine shafts; within the range of this species it has been reported from forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 83, 85 (sp. - 053106), 92, 100, 106 (gen. - 053106)*
Plecotus townsendii (Cooper) (subsp. pallescens is the only subspecies reported as occurring in Arizona; Corynorhinus townsendii subsp. pallescens (Frost)): Lump-nosed Bat, Mule-eared Bat, Murcielago de Townsend (Hispanic), Pale Townsend’s Big-eared Bat, Western Big-eared Bat, Western Long-eared Bat, Western Lump-nosed Bat (the species feeds on small moths and other small insects; roosts on open ceilings; within the range of this species it has been reported from tundra, forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 73, 83, 85 (053106), 92, 100*
CLASS
OSTEICHTHYES: The BONY FISHES
Family Cyprinodontidae: The Killfish Family
Cyprinodon macularius (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard) subsp. eremus (Miller & Fuiman) (5): Desert Pupfish, Quitobaquito Desert Pupfish, Quitobaquito Pupfish, Sonoyta Pupfish (feeds on algae, detritus, insects and aquatic plants; eggs are laid randomly (within an area defended by the male); lives in the shallow water of springs) *8, 14 (072306), 35, 55 (sp.), 61, 67, 73 (sp.), 106 (fam. with a listing of gen. and spp. - 072306), 108*
CLASS
REPTILIA: The REPTILES
A Checklist of the Mammals, Amphibians and
Reptiles of Organ Pipe Cactus
National Monument is available at the Visitor
Center for $0.50 (November 2005)
Family Anguidae: The Alligator Lizard and Allies Family
Elgaria kingii (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard) (Gerrhonotus kingi (Gray)) (5): Arizona Alligator Lizard, Madrean Alligator Lizard (feeds on insects and scorpions, takes shelter in underground burrows leaf litter, under logs and in woodrat nests; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83 (potential species, suspected to occur, but there are no known records), 87, 106 (gen. - 060106)*
Gerrhonotus kingi (see Elgaria kingii)
Family Boidae: The Boa Family
Charina trivirgata subsp. gracia (see Lichanura trivirgata subsp. gracia)
Lichanura trivirgata (E.D. Cope) subsp. gracia (Miller & G.L. Stebbins) (Charina trivirgata (Kluge) subsp. gracia (Klauber)): Desert Boa, Desert Rosy Boa, Mexican Rosy Boa, Rosy Boa, (feeds on birds, lizards and small mammals; takes shelter in rock crevices and underground; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060106)*
Family Colubridae: The Colubrid Family
Arizona elegans (R. Kennicott in C.F. Baird): Glossy Snake, Kansas Glossy Snake, Painted Desert Glossy Sanke, Texas Glossy Snake (feeds on lizards, small mammals and snakes; takes shelter in burrows, by burrowing into loose sand and soil and under rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060206)*
Chilomeniscus cinctus E.D. Cope: Banded Burrowing Snake, Banded Sand Snake (feeds on centipedes and insects; shelters during the day by burrowing/swimming in sand; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Arizona’s native rearfanged species of Colubrid snakes are not considered to be dangerous to man. *14 (072306), 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (fam. with a listing of gen. - 072306)*
Chionactis occipitalis (E. Hallowell): Western Shovelnose Snake, Western Shovel-nosed Snake (feeds on centipedes, insects including buried moth pupae, scorpions and spiders; takes shelter in burrows and by burrowing into loose sand; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Arizona’s native rearfanged species of Colubrid snakes are not considered to be dangerous to man. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (fam. - 060206)*
Chionactis palarostris (L.M. Klauber) subsp. organica (L.M. Klauber): Organ Pipe Shovel-nosed Snake, Sonora Shovel-nosed Snake, Sonoran Shovelnose Snake (feeds on centipedes, cockroaches, crickets, scorpions and spiders; takes shelter under rocks or underground in lizard and rodent holes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) Arizona’s native rearfanged species of Colubrid snakes are not considered to be dangerous to man. *8, 14, 54, 55, 73, 83 (sp.), 87, 106 (fam. - 060206)*
Hypsiglena torquata (A.C. Gunther): Night Snake, Mesa Verde Night Snake, Spotted Night Snake, Texas
Night Snake (feeds on bats, birds and
bird eggs, insects, lizards and lizard eggs, small mammals, salamanders, small
snakes, toads, tree frogs and worms; takes shelter in underground burrows, rock
crevices, under rocks and under surface litter; within the range of this
species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland,
desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) A
mildly venomous snake.
Lampropeltis getula (C. Linnaeus) (Lampropeltis getulus (C. Linnaeus)): Black Desert Kingsnake, California Kingsnake, Common Kingsnake, Desert Kingsnake (feeds on birds and bird eggs, frogs, lizards, small mammals and snakes and snake eggs; takes shelter in underground burrows and rocky crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (fam. - 060206)*
Lampropeltis getulus (see Lampropeltis getula)
Masticophis bilineatus (G. Jan) (subsp. lineolatus is the subspecies recognized as occurring in Arizona): Ajo Mountain Whipsnake, Sonora Whipsnake, Sonoran Whipsnake (feeds on birds and lizards; takes shelter on the ground, in underground burrows and in shrubs and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (subspp. bilineatus and lineolatus - 072306), 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. with listing of spp. - 072306)*
Masticophis flagellum (Shaw) (Masticophis flagellum subsp. cingulum: Sonora Coachwhip; Masticophis flagellum subsp. lineatulus: Whipsnake; Masticophis flagellum subsp. piceus (Cope): Red Coachwhip, Red Racer (red phase), and Western Black Racer (black phase); Masticophis flagellum subsp. ruddocki: San Joaquin Whipsnake; Masticophis flagellum subsp. testaceus (Say): Western Coachwhip): Black Racer, Coachwhip, Lined Coachwhip, Red Coachwhip, Red Racer, San Joaquin Whipsnake, Sonoran Coachwhip, Western Black Racer, Western Coachwhip, Whipsnake (feeds on birds and eggs, carrion, crickets, grasshoppers, lizards and lizard eggs, mice, young rabbits, rats, snakes and turtles; takes shelter in rodent burrows, under rocks and in woodrat nests; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 37 (subsp. piceus), 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060206), 108 (recorded as the Western Red Racer, Masticophis flagellum frenatus)*
Masticophis flagellum subsp. frenatus (see footnote under Masticophis flagellum)
Phyllorhynchus browni (L.H. Stejneger): Maricopa Leafnose Snake, Pima Leafnose Snake, Saddled Leafnose Snake, Saddled Leaf-nosed Snake (takes shelter by burrowing into sand and loose soil; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 106 (fam. - 060206)*
Phyllorhynchus browni (L.H. Stejneger) subsp. lucidus: Maricopa Leafnose Snake, Maricopa Leaf-nosed Snake, Saddled Leaf-nosed Snake (takes shelter by burrowing into sand and loose soil; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *8, 14 (sp.), 37 (sp.), 55, (sp.) 73 (sp.), 87, 106 (fam. - 060206)*
Phyllorhynchus decurtatus (E.D. Cope): Spotted Leafnose Snake, Spotted Leaf-nosed Snake (feeds on small lizards and lizard eggs; takes shelter by burrowing into sand and loose soil; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (fam. - 060206)*
Pituophis cantifer (H.M. de Blainville) (Pituophis melanoleucus (F.M. Daudin)): Bull Snake, Gopher Snake, Pine Snake, Sonoran Gopher Snake (feeds on small birds and bird eggs, lizards and small mammals; takes shelter in underground burrows and under logs and rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060206)*
Pituophis melanoleucus (see Pituophis cantifer)
Rhinocheilus lecontei (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Long-nosed Snake, Texas Longnose Snake, Western Longnose Snake (feeds on insects, lizards and lizard eggs, rodents and small snakes; takes shelter in burrows, by burrowing into sand or soil, under rocks and in rock crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060206)*
Salvadora hexalepis (E.D. Cope): Big Bend Patchnose Snake, Big Bend Patch-nosed Snake, Western Patch-nosed Snake (feeds on small mammals, lizards, small snakes and reptile eggss; takes shelter in underground burrows and bushes and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (fam. - 060206)*
Sonora semiannulata (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Common Ground Snake, Ground Snake, Variable Ground Snake, Western Ground Snake (feeds on centipedes, insects and insect larvae, scorpions and spiders; takes shelter in burrows, rodent holes, stony crevices and under surface rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) Arizona’s native rearfanged species of Colubrid snakes are not considered to be dangerous to man. *14 (072306), 37, 54, 55, 73, 83 (potential species, suspected to occur, but there are no definate records), 87, 106 (072306)*
Tantilla hobartsmithi (Taylor) (Tantilla
planiceps H.M. de Blainville):
Southwestern Black-headed Snake, Southwestern
Blackhead Snake, Western Black-headed Snake (feeds on caterpillars, insects, centipedes and millipedes; takes
shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been
reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland
ecological formations) A mildly venomous snake.
Tantilla planiceps (see Tantilla hobartsmithi)
Thamnophis cyrtopsis (R. Kennicott): Black-necked Garter Snake, Western Blackneck Garter Snake (feeds on fishes, frogs, tadpoles and toads; takes shelter in underground burrows and water; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060206)*
Trimorphodon biscutatus (A.M. Dumeril, G. Bibron & A.H.
Dumeril) (Trimorphodon lyrophanes (Cope)):
Lyre Snake, Sonora Lyre Snake,
Sonoran Lyre Snake, Southwestern Lyre Snake, Texas Lyre Snake (feeds on bats, lizards and rodents; takes
shelter in underground burrows, rock crevices and trees; within the range of
this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland,
desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) A
mildly venomous snake.
Family Crotaphytidae: The Collard and Leopard Lizard Family
Crotaphytus collaris (T. Say): Chihuahuan Collard Lizard, Collard Lizard, Common Collard Lizard, Eastern Collard Lizard, Western Collard Lizard, Yellowheaded Collared Lizard (feeds on arachnids, gastropods, insects and small reptiles; takes shelter under rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Gambelia wislizeni (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Leopard Lizard, Longnose Loepard Lizard, Long-nosed Lizard (feeds on beetles, cicadas, crickets, grasshoppers, lizards, small mammals, plant material including berries, blossoms, soft leaves and seeds, spiders and termites; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Family Elapidae: The Cobra and Coral Snake Family
DO NOT DELAY:
If bitten by a coral snake take the victim immediately to a
medical facility.
First aid measures are of little value. You should withhold food, drink or medication. *97*
If bitten contact the Arizona Poison and
http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/outreach/poison
Micruroides euryxanthus (R. Kennicott): Arizona Coral Snake, Coral Snake, Western Coral Snake (feeds on lizards and small snakes including blindsnakes; takes shelter in underground burrows, by burrowing into loose sand and soil and in rock crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and desertscrub ecological formations) A venomous snake with a highly toxic and very dangerous venom. This snake should never be handled. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Family Gekkonidae: The Gecko Family
Coleonyx variegatus (S.F. Baird) subsp. bogerti (Klauber): Banded Gecko, Tucson Banded Gecko, Western Banded Gecko (feeds on insects and spiders; takes shelter in rodent burrows, under rocks and under plant debris; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Family Helodermatidae: The Beaded Lizard Family
If bitten, remove the lizard as soon as possible, irrigate
the wound with plenty of water, immobilize
the affected limb at heart level, call 1-800-222-1222 for
additional information and/or consider transport to a medical facility, any
teeth left in the wound must be removed by a medical professional, ensure that
tetanus immunization is up to date, and watch patient for signs and symptoms of
infection. *97*
If bitten contact the Arizona Poison and
http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/outreach/poison
Heloderma suspectum (E.D. Cope): Gila Monster (feeds on bird eggs, invertebrates, lizards, small mammals, snakes and reptile eggs; takes shelter in burrows and crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) A venomous lizard. *8, 14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306), 108*
Family Iguanidae: The Iguana and AlliesFamily
Dipsosaurus dorsalis (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Crested Lizard, Desert Iguana (feeds on buds, carrion, flowers and leaves of creosote bushes and insects; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072306), 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306), 108 (recorded as Dipsosaurus dorsalis dorsalis)*
Dipsosaurus dorsalis subsp. dorsalis (see footnote under Dipsosaurus dorsalis)
Sauromalus ater (A.H. Durmeril) (Sauromalus obesus (S.F. Baird)): Arizona Chuckwalla, Chuckwalla, Common Chuckwalla, Glen Canyon Chuckwalla, Western Chuckwalla (feeds on brittlebush, flowers and leaves of annual and perennial herbs and insects; takes shelter crevices in massive rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306), 108*
Sauromalus obesus (see Sauromalus ater)
Family Kinosternidae: The Musk and Mud Turtle Family
Kinosternon flavescens (J.L. Agassiz): Southwestern Mud Turtle, Yellow Mud Turtle (feeds on amphibians, annelid worms, carrion, centipedes, crustaceans, diplopods, gastropods, insects, mollusks, aquatic plants, spiders and worms; aestivates in loose soil and mud; eggs may be laid in a hole dug in the ground; within the range of this species it has been reported from wetland ecological formations within the woodland, grassland and desertscrub ecological formations) *14 (subspp. arizonense (Gilmore) and flavescens - 072306), 55, 73, 83 (reported, but lacks verified populations), 87, 106 (fam. with a listing of gen. - 072306)*
Kinosternon sonoriense (J.L. Le Conte): Sonora Mud Turtle, Sonoran Mud Turtle, Sonoyta Mud Turtle (feeds on crustaceans, fish, frogs, insects, snails and some plant material; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from springs, arroyos, creeks, grassland flats, streams, rivers, ponds, and water holes in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subspp. longifemorale (J.B. Iverson) and sonoriense - 072306), 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Kinosternon sonoriense (J.L. Le Conte) subsp. longifemorale (J.B. Iverson): Sonoyta Mud Turtle (feeds on crustaceans, fish, frogs, insects, snails and some plant material; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from springs, arroyos, creeks, grassland flats, streams, rivers, ponds, and water holes in the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (072306), 37 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 87 (sp.), 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Family Leptotyphlopidae: The Blind Snake Family
Leptotyphlops humilis (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Blind Snake, Trans-pecos Blind Snake, Western Blind Snake, Western Worm Snake (feeds on insects, mostly on ants and termites; takes shelter under debris and rocks, in rock crevices and underground burrows, by burrowing into sand and soil and among shrub and tree roots; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Family Phrynosomatidae: The Horned Lizard Family
Callisaurus draconoides (H.M. de Blainville): Arizona Zebratail Lizard, Zebra-tailed Lizard (feeds on insects, lizards, plant material and spiders; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. ventralis - 072306), 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. with spp. listing - 072306)*
Callisaurus draconoides (H.M. de Blainville) subsp. ventralis: Arizona Zebratail Lizard, Zebra-tailed Lizard (feeds on insects, lizards, plant material and spiders; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072306), 37 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 87 (sp.), 106 (gen. with spp. listing - 072306), 108*
Phrynosoma platyrhinos (C.F. Girard): Desert Horned Lizard, Southern Desert Horned Lizard (feeds on ants; takes shelter by burrowing themselves in loose soil; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 73, 83, 106 (060306)*
Phrynosoma solare (Gray): Regal Horned Lizard (feeds on harvester ants, beetles and other insects; takes shelter by burrowing themselves in loose soil; within the range of this species it has been reported from the grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Sceloporus clarkii (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Clark’s Spiny Lizard, Sonora Spiny Lizard, Sonoran Spiny Lizard, Spiny Lizard (feeds on insects and plant material including buds, flowers and leaves; takes shelter in underground burrows and on rocks and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (subsp. clarkii - 072306), 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Sceloporus clarkii (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard) subsp. clarkii: Clark’s Spiny Lizard, Sonora Spiny Lizard, Sonoran Spiny Lizard, Spiny Lizard (feeds on insects and plant material including buds, flowers and leaves; takes shelter in underground burrows and on rocks and trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072306), 37 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 87 (sp.), 106 (gen. - 060306), 108*
Sceloporus magister (E. Hallowell): Desert Spiny Lizard, Orangehead Spiny Lizard, Twin-spotted Spiny Lizard, Yellowback Spiny Lizard (feeds on ants, beetles and other insects, lizards, and plant materials including berries, buds, flowers and leaves; takes shelter in rodent burrows, crevices, under logs, under rocks, on trees, in clumps of vegetation and in woodrat nests; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Urosaurus graciosus (E. Hallowell): Brush Lizard, Long-tailed Brush Lizard (feeds on insects, plant material and spiders; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Urosaurus ornatus (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Big Bend Tree Lizard, Canyon Tree Lizard, Lined Tree Lizard, Northern Tree Lizard, Tree Lizard (feeds on insects and spiders; takes shelter in rock crevices, under slabs of rock and in trees; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Uta stansburiana (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Colorado Side-blotched Lizard, Desert Side-blotched Lizard, Northern Side-blotched Lizard, Side-blotched Lizard (feeds on ants, beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, lizards, mites, scorpions, sowbugs, spiders, termites and ticks; takes shelter in underground burrows, under rocks, bury themselves in soil and in low vegetation; reported from rocky areas and sandy washes; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, scrub, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Family Teiidae: The Whiptail and Allies Family
Aspidoscelis burti (Burger) (Cnemidophorus burti (Taylor): Canyon Spotted Whiptail, Giant Spotted Whiptail, Redback Whiptail, Sonora Whiptail (feeds on insects, scorpions and spiders; takes shelter in underground burrows, piles of debris and under rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. 060306)*
Aspidoscelis burti subsp. xanthonotus (Burger) (Cnemidophorus burti subsp. xanthonotus): Redback Whiptail, Red-backed Whiptail (the species feeds on insects, scorpions and spiders; takes shelter in underground burrows, piles of debris and under rocks; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14 (sp.), 55 (sp.), 73 (sp.), 87, 106 (gen. 060306)*
Aspidoscelis tessellatus (T. Say) (Cnemidophorus grahami, Cnemidophorus tessellatus): Checkered Whiptail, Colorado Checkered Whiptail, Racerunner (feeds on centipedes, insects and spiders; takes shelter in burrows; eggs are laid in burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14 (072306), 73, 87, 106 (gen. - 072306), 108*
Aspidoscelis tigris (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard) (Cnemidophorus tigris (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Arizona Desert Whiptail, Eastern Marbled Whiptail, Marbled Whiptail, Northern Whiptail, Southern Whiptail, Western Marbled Whiptail, Western Whiptail (feeds on insects, lizards, scorpions and spiders; takes shelter in bushes and underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Cnemidophorus burti (see Aspidoscelis burti)
Cnemidophorus burti subsp. xanthonotus (see Aspidoscelis burti subsp. xanthonotus)
Cnemidophorus grahami (see Aspidoscelis tessellatus)
Cnemidophorus tessellatus (see Aspidoscelis tessellatus)
Cnemidophorus tigris (see Aspidoscelis tigris)
Family Testudinidae: The Land Tortoise Family
Gopherus agassizi (J.G. Cooper) - Sonoran Population (also spelled Gopherus agassizii): Desert Tortoise, Sonoran Desert Tortoise (feeds on cacti, forbs, grasses, Slender Janusia and other plants and plant materials; takes shelter in underground burrows, caliche caves located along washes and crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) *8, 14, 37, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Family Viperidae: The Pit Viper Family
If bitten by a rattlesnake remain calm, remove all jewelry
(including watches), immobilize extremity,
keep at level below the heart, decrease total body activity,
and transport to medical facility. Do not apply ice to the bitten area, do not
use an incision of any kind, do not use a tourniquet, do not administer drugs
or alcohol, and do not use electric shock treatment (Tucson Herpetological
Society. 1995.
Living with
Rattlesnakes.
If bitten contact the Arizona Poison and
http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/outreach/poison
Crotalus atrox (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (feeds on birds, bird’s eggs and young birds, frogs, gophers, lizards, mice, prairie dogs, rabbits, rats, squirrels and toads; takes shelter in underground burrows, crevices in arroyo walls, rock outcrops, thickets and woodrat nests; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) A venomous and dangerous snake. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306), 108*
Crotalus cerastes (E. Hallowell): Horned Rattlesnake, Sidewinder Rattlesnake, Sidewinder (feeds on small birds, lizards, rodents and scorpions (juveniles); takes shelter in burrows, beneath shrubs and by burrowing in sand; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) A venomous snake. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306), 108*
Crotalus mitchelli (E.D. Cope): Speckled Rattlesnake (feeds on small birds, lizards and small mammals; takes shelter in underground burrows and rock crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland and desertscrub ecological formations) A venomous and dangerous snake. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Crotalus molossus (S.F. Baird & C.F. Girard): Blacktail Rattlesnake, Black-tailed Rattlesnake (feeds on amphibians, bird eggs, small mammals and reptiles; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest, woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) A venomous snake. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306)*
Crotalus scutulatus (R. Kennicott): Mojave Rattlesnake (feeds on reptiles, kangaroo rats and other rodents; takes shelter in underground burrows, litter and rat nests; within the range of this species it has been reported from the forest woodland, scrub, grassland, desertscrub and wetland ecological formations) A venomous and extremely dangerous snake. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (060306), 108*
Crotalus tigris (R. Kennicott): Tiger Rattlesnake (feeds on mice, rats, woodrats and other small mammals; takes shelter in underground burrows; within the range of this species it has been reported from the desertscrub ecological formation) A venomous snake. *14, 37, 54, 55, 73, 83, 87, 106 (gen. - 060306)*
Family Xantusiidae: The Night Lizard Family
Xantusia vigilis (S.F. Baird) (Xantusia vigilis (S.F. Baird) subsp. arizonae (Klauber), Xantusia arizonae (Klauber)): Arizona Night Lizard, Desert Night Lizard (feeds on insects and spiders; takes shelter under bark, plant debris and logs and in rock crevices; within the range of this species it has been reported from the woodland, scrub and desertscrub ecological formations) *8, 14, 55, 73, 83 (potential species, suspected to occur, but there are definate records), 87, 106 (060306)*
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Matthew B. Johnson for
his review of several of the listings, his input into the layout, his numerous
trips into the field to assist in the identification of species and above all
for his continued support for this project. I would also like to thank Philip
D. Jenkins, Assistant Curator, and the Botanists of the University of Arizona
Herbarium for years of assistance with plant identifications. I would also like
to thank Neva Connolly, Julia Fonseca and Bill Singleton with the Pima County
Department of Transportation and Flood Control District for being willing and
able to present the listings in the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan website.
Species Distribution Listings
FOOTNOTES
and REFERENCES
(1) General Mapping:
National
Geographic
(2) Physiographic Province Mapping:
Walker, Henry P.
and Don Bufkin. 1979. Historical Atlas of
(3) Soils Mapping:
Arizona General
Soil Map, July 1975, United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service and the
(4) Biotic Communities Mapping and Definitions
Ecological formations used in the listings follow those presented in the mapping for the Biotic Communities of the Southwest.
Brown, David E.
1982. Biotic Communities of the American Southwest –
Brown, David E.
and Charles H. Lowe. Revised June 1983. Biotic Communities of the Southwest,
August 1980, General Technical Report RM-78, United Stated Department of
Agriculture,
Brown, David E., Charles H. Lowe and Charles P. Pase. June 1980. A Digitized Systematic Classification for Ecosystems with an Illustrated Summary of the Natural Vegetation of North America, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-73
(5) Nomenclature:
for Plants:
Generally
follows that presented by The Biota of North America Program of the North
Carolina Botanical Garden (BONAP) with A Synonymized
Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm
The International Plant Names Index (2004, 2005)
Published on the Internet:
http://www.ipni.org [accessed 2004, 2005, 2006]
National Plants
Database. USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov).
for Vertebrate Animals:
Generally follows that presented by Charles H. Lowe. 1964. The Vertebrates of Arizona with Major Section on Arizona Habitats, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
Biota
Information System of
http://nmnhp.unm.edu/bisonm/bisonquery.php
for Invertebrate Animals:
http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/edits/species_concern.shtml
Biota
Information System of
http://nmnhp.unm.edu/bisonm/bisonquery.php
(6) Growth Habits of Plants:
Generally
coincides with that presented by the National Plants Database. USDA, NRCS.
2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov).
Common names
identified in the USDA NRCS database have been printed in bold lettering: A few of the plants were not
provided with a common name in the USDA NRCS database and additional resources
were used, including:
(7) Arid Zone Trees, A Resource for Landscape Professionals, dedicated to providing quality trees to the Landscape Industries that are appropriate to the Desert Southwest
http://www.aridzonetrees.com/index.htm
(8)
http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/edits/species_concern.shtml
Amphibians: 2002. Bufo microscaphus, Arizona Toad; 2005. Bufo retiformis, Sonoran Green Toad; 2001. Eleutherodactylus augusti subsp. cactorum, Western Barking Frog; 2003. Gastrophryne olivacea, Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad; 2002. Hyla arenicolor, Canyon Treefrog; 2003. Pternohyla fodiens, Lowland Burrowing Treefrog; 2001. Rana chiricahuensis, Chiricahua Leopard Frog, and 2001. Rana yavapaiensis, Lowland Leopard Frog.
Arachnids: 2004. Albiorix anophthalmus, a cave obligate Pseudoscorpion.
Birds: 2003. Accipiter gentilis, American Goshawk;
2002. Aimophila ruficeps subsp. rupicola: Yuma Rufous-crowned Sparrow;
2001. Ammodramus bairdii, Baird’s
Sparrow; 2001. Ammodramus savannarum
subsp. ammolequs, Arizona Grasshopper
Sparrow; 2001. Anthus spragueii,
Sprgaue’s Pipit; 2002. Aquila chrysaetos,
Golden Eagle; 2000. Asturina nitida,
Northern Grey Hawk; 2001. Athene
cunicularia subsp. hypugaea,
Western Burrowing Owl; 2001. Buteo
regalis, Ferruginous Hawk; 2001. Buteo
swainsoni, Swainson’s Hawk; 2005. Buteogallus
anthracinus, Common Black-hawk; 2003. Caracara
cheriway, Crested Caracara; 2002. Ceryle
alcyon, Belted Kingfisher; 2001. Chloroceryle
americana, Green Kingfisher; 2002. Coccyzus americanus subsp. occidentalis,
Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo; 2002. Dendrocygna
autumnalis, Black-bellied Whistling-duck; 2001. Dendrocygna bicolor, Fulvous Whistling-duck; 2002. Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink; 2002. Egretta
thula, Snowy Egret; 2002. Elanus
leucurus, White-tailed Kite; 2003 Empidonax
fulvifrons subsp. pygmaeus,
Northern Buff-breasted Flycatcher; 2003. Empidonax
hammondii,
Dicots: 2000. Abutilon parishii, Pima Indian Mallow;
2004. Ammoselinum giganteum, Sand
Parsley; 2003. Amoreuxia gonzalezii,
Saiya; 2004. Arenaria aberrans, Mt.
Dellenbaugh Sandwort; 1995. Aster
potosinus, Lemmon’s Aster; 2004. Berberis
harrisoniana, Kofa Barberry; 2000. Boerhavia
megaptera, Tucson Mountain Spiderling; 2004. Bursera fagaroides, Torch Wood Copal; 2003. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum,
Chiltepin; 2005. Castela emoryi,
Crucifixion Thorn; 2004. Cirsium
mohavense, Mohave Thistle; 2001. Cleome
multicaulis, Playa Spider Plant; 2001. Colubrina
californica, California Snakewood; 2001. Coryphantha scheeri var.
robustispina, Pima Pineapple Cactus; 2005. Coryphantha scheeri var.
valida, Slender Needle Corycactus; 2004. Croton wigginsii, Dune Croton; 2005. Cryptantha ganderi,
Ferns: 2003. 1997. Cheilanthes pringlei, Pringle Lip Fern and Notholaena lemmonii, Lemmon Cloak Fern.
Fishes: 2002. Agosia chrysogaster, Longfin Dace; 2002. Catostomus clarki, Desert Sucker; 2002. Catostomus insignis, Sonora Sucker; 2001. Cyprinodon eremus, Quitobaquito Pupfish; 2001. Cyprinodon macularius, Desert Pupfish; 2002. Gila intermedia, Gila Chub; 2002. Gila robusta, Roundtail Chub; 2001. Poeciliopsis occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, Gila Topminnow, and 2001. Poeciliopsis occidentalis subsp. sonorensis, Yaqui Topminnow.
Gastropods: 2003. Tryonia quitobaquitae, Quitobaquito Tryonia.
Insects: 2001. Agathymus aryxna, Arizona Giant Skipper; 2001. Agathymus polingi, Poling’s Giant Skipper; 2004. Anthocharis cethura, Desert Orangetip; 2001. Calephelis rawsoni subsp. arizonensis, Arizona Metalmark; 2002. Heterelmis stephani, Stephan’s Heterelmis Riffle Beetle; 2001. Limenitis archippus subsp. obsoleta, Obsolete Viceroy Butterfly, and 2001. and Neophasia terlootii, Chiricahua Pine White.
Mammals: 2002. Antrozous pallidus, Pallid Bat; 2002. Antilocapra
Monocots: 2005. Agave x ajoensis, Ajo Agave; 2003. Agave murpheyi, Hohokam Agave; 1994. Agave parviflora subsp. parviflora, Santa Cruz Striped Agave; 2005. Agave schottii var. treleasei, Trelease Agave; 2005. Agave utahensis var. kaibabensis, Kaibab Agave; 2005. Allium bigelovii, Bigelow Onion; 1999. Allium gooddingii, Goodding Onion; 2005. Allium parishii, Parish Onion; 2004. Carex chihuahuensis, Chihuahuan Sedge; 2000. Carex ultra, Arizona Giant Sedge; 2004. Cathestecum erectum, False Grama; 2004. Hexalectris revoluta, Chisos Coral-root; 2005. Hexalectris spicata, Crested Coral Root; 2001. Lilium parryi, Lemon Lily; 2005. Listera convallarioides, Broadleaf Twayblade; 2000. Muhlenbergia xerophila, Weeping Muhly, and 2005. Schiedeella arizonica, Fallen Ladies’-tresses.
Reptiles: 2001. Aspidoscelis burti subsp. stictogrammus, Giant Spotted Whiptail; 2003. Aspidoscelis burti subsp. xanthonotus, Redback Whiptail; 2002. Chionactis occipitalis subsp. klauberi, Tucson Shovel-nosed Snake; 2003. Chionactis palarostris subsp. organica, Organ Pipe Shovel-nosed Snake; 2001. Crotalus lepidus subsp. klauberi, Banded Rock Rattlesnake; 2001. Gopherus agassizi, Desert Tortoise; 2002. Heloderma suspectum subsp. cinctum, Banded Gila Monster; 2002. Heterodon nasicus subsp. kennerlyi, Mexican Hog-nosed Snake; 2005. Kinosternon sonoriense, subsp. longifemorale, Sonoyta Mud Turtle; 2003. Lichanura trivirgata subsp. gracia, Desert Rosy Boa; 2003. Phrynosoma mcallii, Flat-tailed Horned Lizard; 2005. Sauromalus ater, Common Chuckwalla; 2001. Thamnophis eques subsp. megalops, Mexican Garter Snake; 2003. Uma rufopunctata, Yuma Desert Fringe-toed Lizard, and 2003. Xantusia arizonae, Arizona Night Lizard.
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(108) Dodge, Natt N. 1964. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument / Arizona, Natural History Handbook Series, No. 6, Washington, D.C.
(109) Grow Native! Don’t Plant a
(ADS)
(JFW) John F. Wiens.
(MBJ) Matthew B. Johnson, Program Manager and Curator of the Desert Legume Program - Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum.
(WTK) William T. Kendall.